iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2023

Abstract: Background: Parenteral narcotics continue to play a significant role in postoperative pain management, despite the fact that a variety of postoperative analgesia techniques have been researched in an effort to improve pain control following total knee arthroplasty. The benefit of local anaesthetics is that they limit the transmission of pain at its source and lessen the systemic negative effects connected with postoperative opioid use. In patients having total knee arthroplasty, this study was done to assess the advantages and safety of a multimodal analgesic regimen that included periarticular injection of substantial doses of local anaesthetics as compared to standard care........

[1]. Horlocker TT, Kopp SL, Pagnano MW, Hebl JR. Analgesia for total hip and knee arthroplasty: a multimodal pathway featuring peripheral nerve block. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006; 14:126– 135. [2]. Chmell MJ, Scott RD. Total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. An overview. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1999; 366:54–60. [3]. Aglietti P, Buzzis R, Segoni F, Zaccherotti F. Insall-Burstein posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis in rheumatoid arthritis. J Arthroplasty; 10:217-225, 1995.
[4]. Bhandarkar, P., Priti, P., Chander, S., & Nandan, K. (2017). Prevalence of osteoarthritis knee: four year study based on digital records of comprehensive healthcare setup at Mumbai, India. International Journal of Community Medicine And Public Health, 3(5), 1049–1053. [5]. Annapareddy, A., Daultani, D., Mulpur, P. et al. High Prevalence of Isolated Antero-medial Osteoarthritis (AMOA) in Indian Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. JOIO. 2022; 56: 1774–1781.

Abstract:Background :- Good oral health is important across persons lifespan and pregnancy is a particularly important time to promote oral health and healthy behaviour. Hormonal changes during pregnancy make the gums more vulnerable to plaque leading to inflammation and bleeding. Objective :- To study the Prevalence of Dental Caries and Gingivitis among Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women Methods :- The Study was carried out in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of Patna Dental College and Hospital.In total, 68 women (24 Pregnant and 44 Non-Pregnant) were selected through a Purposive sampling method.......

Keywords: Dental caries, Gingivitis, Pregnant, Non-pregnant, Estrogen, Progesterone

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[2]. Mital P, Amit, Raisingani D. Dental caries and gingivitis in pregnant women. Sch J Appl Med Sci 2013;1:718-23.
[3]. Vogt M, Sallum AW, Cecatti JG, Morias SS. Factors associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease in low-risk pregnant women. Reprod Health 2012;9:3.
[4]. Saravanan S, Madivanan I, SubashiniB, Felix JW prevelance pattern of dental caries in the primary dentition among school children , Indian J Dent Res 2005, 16, 140-6
[5]. 5 . Patil,S .et al .(2018)' Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among pregnant and non pregnant women', Journal pf Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Science University, 13 (I),p. 44.

Abstract: Background: Subtotal or complete middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarctions, with or without additional ischemia of the anterior or posterior cerebral artery (ACA, PCA), constitute up to 10% of patients with supratentorial infarcts. The major cause of immediate mortality in MCA stroke is the neurological insult. Aspiration pneumonia and pulmonary embolism are the common secondary complications leading to mortality........

Keywords: Middle Cerebral Artery, ASPECTS score, NIHSS score

[1]. Jüttler E, Unterberg A, Woitzik J, Bösel J, Amiri H, Sakowitz OW, et al. Hemicraniectomy in Older Patients with Extensive Middle-Cerebral-Artery Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(12):1091–100.
[2]. Kamran S, Salam A, Akhtar N, Alboudi A, Kamran K, Singh R. Factors that Can Help Select the Timing for Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Malignant MCA Stroke. 2018;
[3]. Roberts SE, Thorne K, Akbari A, Samuel DG, Williams JG. Mortality following stroke, the weekend effect and related factors: Record linkage study. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):1–14.
[4]. Feng MC, Lin YC, Chang YH, Chen CH, Chiang HC, Huang LC, et al. The Mortality and the Risk of Aspiration Pneumonia Related with Dysphagia in Stroke Patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis [Internet]. 2019;28(5):1381–7. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.02.011
[5]. Moulin T, Cattin F, Crépin-Leblond T, Tatu L, Chavot D, Piotin M, et al. Early CT signs in acute middle cerebral artery infarction: Predictive value for subsequent infarct locations and outcome. Neurology. 1996;47(2):366–75.

Abstract: Background: Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by the absence of one of the coagulation factors - factor VIII in hemophilia A and factor IX in hemophilia B. Recurrent bleeding into joints leads to extensive destruction of articular cartilage, synovial hyperplasia, and reactive changes, eventually leading to permanent joint damage- hemophiliac arthropathy3 .Hemophilic arthropathy being a disabling condition characterized by joint impairment, chronic pain, and reduced quality of life. It can cause functional impairment thereby deterioration the quality of life of the hemophiliacs..........

Keywords: hemophilia, arthropathy,target joint.

[1]. Tantawy AAG. Molecular genetics of haemophilia-A:clinical perspectives. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2010; 11 :105-114.
[2]. Poonnoose PM, Thomas R, Bhattacharjee S, Shyamkumar NK, Manigandan C, Srivastava A. Functional Independence Score in Haemophilia (FISH): A new performance based instrument to measure disability. Haemophilia 2005; 11:598-602.
[3]. Hoffman textbook of Hematology.
[4]. Scott JP, Montgomery RR. Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorder. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson BF, editors. Nelson's Text Book of Pediatrics. 18 th ed., Vol. 20. Philadelphia: Saunder; 2010. p. 61-88.
[5]. Pettersson H, Ahlberg A, Nilsson IM. A radiologic classification of hemophilic arthropathy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1980; 149:153–153159.

Abstract: GBS is a self limiting monophasic disorder and good recovery usually occurs in 70 80% cases.It is characterized by an acute onset of relatively symmetric, predominantly motor, flaccid and areflexic paralysis which evolves over a period of up to 4 weeks. Cu rrent research aimed to study CSF and electrophysiological profile and outcome in patients of Guillain Barre syndrome admitted in a tertiary care institute and thereby to identify poor outcome patients at initial stages itself. Objectives: To describe the CSF and Electrophysiological profile of patients admitted with Guillain Barre syndrome and to correlate with the outcome of patients.......

Keywords: G uillain Barre Syndrome ,Nerve conduction studies,CSF study.

[1]. Hughes RA, Cornblath DR. Guillain Barre syndrome. Lancet 2005;366: 1653 1666.
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[3]. Asbury AK, Comblath DR. Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for GuillainBarre syndrome. Ann Neuro11990; 27 (suppl): S21 24
[4]. J, Kannan A. Clinical, Electrophysiologicaland Electrolye profile of Guillain Barre syndrome in a tertiary care c entre. Int J Res Med Sci 2014;2:445 7.
[5]. Asbury AK, John Comblath DR. Assessment of current diagnostic criteria for GBS. Ann Neurol.1990;27:s2l 4.

Abstract: Background: Cirrhosis and liver diseases are becoming more prevalent globally. A significant factor in the mortality in this population is the progression of liver disease, from fibrosis to cirrhosis, decompensation, and critical illness. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome characterised by acute decompensation of chronic liver disease associated with multiple organ failures and high short-term mortality1. It is a relatively recently described entity and characterised by a combination of hepatic and extrahepatic organ failures. Two novel user friendly prognostic scores in ACLF - LAFAS and ALBI scores have been found to predict mortality as accurately as standard validated scores according to several studies. This study aims to find the prognostic value of these scores in predicting short term mortality in ACLF..........

Keywords: Acute on chronic liver failure(ACLF), LaFAS score, ALBI score.

[1]. Hernaez R, Solà E, Moreau R, Ginès P. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: an update. Gut. 2017 Mar 1;66(3):541-53. [2]. Jalan R, Gines P, Olson JC, Mookerjee RP, Moreau R, Garcia-Tsao G, Arroyo V, Kamath PS. Acute-on chronic liver failure. Journal of hepatology. 2012 Dec 1;57(6):1336-48. [3]. Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, Maiwall R, Al Mahtab M, Rahman S, Saigal S, Saraf N, Soin AS, Devarbhavi H, Kim DJ. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update. Hepatology international. 2019 Jul;13(4):353-90. [4]. Song DS, Kim TY, Kim HY, Yoon E, Kim DJ, Jia J, Choudhury AK, Al Mahtab M, Devarbhavi H, Duan Z, Yu C. Usefulness of Lactate‐Free Asian Pacific Association for the Study of Liver Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) Research Consortium (AARC)–Aclf Score for Predicting Short‐Term Mortality in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease. [5]. Chauhan, S.G., Chaubal, A., Kolhe, K., Khairnar, H., Lotlikar, M., Walke, S., Chaudhari, V., Ingle, M., Pandey, V. and Shukla, A., 2020. Lactate-free AARC ACLF Score (LaFAS)-A Simple Userfriendly Score is the Best Prognostic Marker for Patients with Alcohol Induced ACLF in Western Indian Population in a Nontransplant Resource-limited Setting. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 68(5), pp.34-38.

Abstract: This study aims to review and appraise regarding the available evidence related to the establishment of Small dense LDL as potent biomarker for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. It also enlightens about the LDL subfraction and its association with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Differences in low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition and size have been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and its progression. The clinical relevance has been well documented in various trials since the 1950s. Many recent clinical trials strongly reinforce the relevance of LDL heterogeneity measurement and the impact on CVD risk prediction and outcomes. The determination of LDL heterogeneity improves CVD risk prediction and helps in guiding appropriate treatment.

Keywords: sdLDL, cardiovascular diseases, LDL subfractions, atherosclerosis.

[1]. Hirayama S, Miida T. "Small dense LDL: an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease," Clinica Chimica Acta. 2012 ;414:215–224.
[2]. E. J. Mills, B. Rachlis, P. Wu, P. J. Devereaux, P. Arora, and D. Perri, "Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments: a network meta-analysis involving more than 65,000 patients," Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008; 52 (22):1769–1781.
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[4]. Diffenderfer M R, Schaefer E J."The composition and metabolism of large and small LDL," Current Opinion in Lipidology. 2014; 25(3): 221–226.
[5]. Liou L, Kaptoge Association of small, dense LDL-cholesterol concentration and lipoprotein particle characteristics with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and metaanalysis. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15(11) :1-16

Abstract: Background: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world, with 25% prevalence globally, and is rising in incidence due to the obesity pandemic. NAFLD and T2DM share common pathogenic mechanisms and both coexist in many individuals. Previous studies established its relation with metabolic syndrome and its components including T2DM. Inspite of being a global pandemic, the screening tools for NAFLD are still lacking. This study was aimed at establishing a positive correlation of NAFLD in T2DM patients with markers of glycemic control, so as to use them as screening tools for early identification and treatment initiation among high risk groups........

Keywords: T2DM patients, NAFLD, screening, glycemic control, BMI, duration of T2DM.

[1]. Harrison SA, Ratziu V, Boursier J, et al. A blood-based biomarker panel (NIS4) for non-invasive diagnosis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(11):970-985. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30252-1
[2]. Lonardo A, Nascimbeni F, Mantovani A, Targher G. Hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and NASH: Cause or consequence? J Hepatol. 2018;68(2):335-352. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.09.021
[3]. Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD: A multisystem disease. J Hepatol. 2015;62(S1):S47-S64. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.012
[4]. Asrih M, Jornayvaz FR. Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Is insulin resistance the link? Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2015;418:55-65. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.018
[5]. Khneizer G, Rizvi S, Gawrieh S. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Diabetes Mellitus. In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol 1307. Springer; 2021:417-440. doi:10.1007/5584_2020_532

Abstract: Background: Dengue, a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, holds significant global importance. It is vital to promptly identify the disease and provide appropriate care in order to minimize the associated illness and death. Early prediction of the disease's progression and timely interventions could potentially prevent these fatalities. In addition to using diagnostic tests to detect dengue fever, one noteworthy finding is that individuals with dengue fever tend to exhibit elevated levels of serum ferritin. Hyperferritinemia, characterized by increased ferritin in the blood, is linked to immune activation and disturbances in blood clotting. A direct correlation has been observed between the severity of dengue fever and the rise in serum ferritin levels. This study aims to find the association between the association between liver enzymes and severity of dengue........

Keywords: Dengue fever, Liver enzymes, Ferritin.

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http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/41988/1/9241545003_eng.pdf
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[3]. Soundravally R, Agieshkumar B, Daisy M, Sherin J, Cleetus CC. Ferritin levels predict severe dengue. Infection. 2015;43(1):13–9.
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[5]. Wan S-W, Lin C-F, Yeh T-M, Liu C-C, Liu H-S, Wang S, et al. Autoimmunity in dengue pathogenesis. J Formos Med Assoc.
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Abstract: Background: Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due its role in the causation of coronary heart disease, stroke and other vascular complications1. Every 2 seconds someone aged 30–70 years dies prematurely from non-communicable diseases. In India, 63% of deaths were due to NCDs, out of which 45% were women2. Hypertension among homemaker women has become an important public health concern. Lack of awareness to NCDs make homemakers neglected, forgotten and devalued. They do not get screened for NCDS and end up with dreadful complications.........

Keywords: Hypertension, pre-hypertension, non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases and stroke.

[1]. Lawes CM, Hoorn SV, Rodgers A. Global burden of blood-pressure-related disease, 2001. The Lancet. 2008;371:1513–1518.
[2]. World Health Organization. NCD Progress Monitor Report 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www
[3]. Talukdar D, Tripathi,M , Tripathi,V et al. Prevalence and associated factors of undiagnosed hypertension among women aged 15-49 years in India:an analysis of National Family Health Survey -4 data. J Hum hypertens2020
[4]. World Health Report. Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2001. p. 144-9.
[5]. RaghupathyAnchalaa,b, Nanda K. Kannurib , Hira Pantb , Hassan Khana , Oscar H. Francoc , Emanuele Di Angelantonioa , and Dorairaj Prabhakaran.Hypertension in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension

Abstract: Background: Back pain is a common ailment that affects people of all ages. Back pain episodes have generally been seen as one-time occurrences, but this concept is increasingly being challenged in favor of treating back pain as a long-term or permanent disease. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of low back pain and associated risk factors among patients with low back pain at Madaripur district hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: Between February 2021 and........

Keywords: Low back pain, Disability-adjusted life years, Years lived with disability, Lumbar Lordosis Angle, Segmental Lumbar Lordosis Angle, Lumbosacral Angle.

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