iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2023

Abstract:INTRODUCTION Mullerian duct anomalies are congenital anomalies of the female genital tract arising from abnormal embryological development of the mullerian ducts. Uterus didelphys, also known as a duplicated uterus is one of the least common amongst MDAs. Pregnancy in a uterus didelphys is an uncommon; the incidence varies from 1 in 1500 to 1 in 142000 pregnancies worldwide. CASE REPORT........

Key words : Mullerian duct anomalies, Didelphys uterus, Pregnancy, High risk pregnancy

[1]. Heinonen PK. Uterus didelphys: a report of 26 cases. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 1984;17(5):345-50.
[2]. Heinonen PK. Clinical implications of the didelphic uterus: long-term follow-up of 49 cases. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2000;91(2):183-90.
[3]. Raga F, Bauset C, Remohi J, Bonilla-Musoles F, Simon C, Pellicer A. Reproductive impact of congenital Mullerian anomalies. Human Reproduction. 1997;12(10):2277-81.
[4]. Grimbizis GF, Camus M, Tarlatzis BC, Bontis JN, Devroey P. Clinical implications of uterine malformations and hysteroscopic treatment results. Human Reproduction Update. 2001;7(2):161-74.
[5]. Andrew F. Hundley, Julia R. Fielding, Lennox Hoyte. Double cervix and vagina with septate uterus: an uncommon Müllerian malformation. Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Nov;98(5 Pt 2):982-5.

Abstract:INTRODUCTION: Episiotomy is a common practice for all women delivering for the first time. The routine episiotomy, once considered by obstetricians as a vanguard to protect the perineum, the pelvic floor, and the fetus from injuries of parturition, gradually has become less and less used in modern obstetrics. MATERIAL & METHODS – A Prospective cohort study conducted from January 2019 to June 2020 included every 5th Primigravida who consented & fulfilled inclusion criteria, admitted in the labor room at Govt Medical College, Latur. RESULTS: 140 cases were included in both the study and control groups. Maximum cases belong to the age group between 21-24......

Keywords: EPISIOTOMY, PERINEAL TEAR, RESTRICTIVE USE, ROUTINE USE

[1]. Weber AM, Meyn L. Episiotomy use in the United States, 1979 1997. Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Dec;100(6):1177 82.
[2]. Friedman AM, Ananth CV, Prendergast E, D'Alton ME, W right JD. Variation in and factors associated with use of episiotomy.
JAMA. 2015 Jan 13;313(2):197 9.
[3]. Singh S, Thakur T, Chandhiok N, Dhillon BS. Pattern of episiotomy use & its immediate complications among vaginal deliveries in
18 tertiary care hospi tals in India. Indian J Med Res [Internet]. 2016 Apr [cited 2023 May 23];143(4):474 80. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928554/
[4]. Graham ID, Carroli G, Davies C, Medves JM. Episiotomy rates around the world: an update. Birth Berkeley Calif. 2005
Sep;32(3):219 23.
[5]. Sleep J, Grant A, Garcia J, Elbourne D, Spencer J, Chalmers I. West Berkshire perineal management trial. Br Med J Clin Res Ed
[Internet]. 1984 Sep 8 [cited 2023 May 23];289(6445):587 90. Available from:
https://ww
w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1442865/

Abstract: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a nonsuppurative, delayed sequela of a Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep A) infection through an inflammatory response in untreated or undertreated susceptible individuals(1)Symptoms of ARF typically begin 3 weeks (range: 1 to 5) following the acute Strep A infection(2) Although now rare in developed countries, ARF maintains a noteworthy presence in economically disadvantaged populations, driven by factors that include household overcrowding and poor hygiene.(3-4) The major morbidity and mortality result from cardiac involvement known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD). From a truly global disease......

Keywords: Acute rheumatic fever(ARF),Rheumatic heart disease(RHD),Jones criteria

[1]. Vervoort D, Vinck EE, Tiwari KK, Tapaua N. Cardiac surgery and small island states: a bridge too far? Ann Thorac Surg. July 2020; 111: 931- 936.
[2]. Rothenbühler M, O'sullivan CJ, Stortecky S, et al. Active surveillance for rheumatic heart disease in endemic regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence among children and adolescents. Lancet Glob Heal. 2014; 2(12): e717- e726.
[3]. Yankah C, Fynn-Thompson F, Antunes M, et al. Cardiac surgery capacity in sub-Saharan Africa: quo vadis? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014; 62(5): 393- 401.
[4]. Scalzi V, Hadi HA, Alessandri C, et al. Anti-endothelial cell antibodies in rheumatic heart disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010;161:570–5.
[5]. Romani L, Steer AC, Whitfeld MJ, Kaldor JM. Prevalence of scabies and impetigo worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:960–7.

Abstract: Traumatic spinal injuries comprise of either column fractures or spinal cord injuries or both. Spinal injury is one of the most devastating injuries having a great impact on patients, their families, and society. The major cause of injury in the developed world is due to motor vehicle accidents. Men are mostly affected during their early and late adulthood (3rd decade and 8th decade of life). The age distribution is bimodal. The highest prevalence of traumatic spine injury was seen in age group 15-45 years old, Vertebral fractures occur due to force applied to spinal structures. It takes a relatively stronger force to cause a vertebral fracture in healthy bone tissue, but when a bone is weakened......

Keywords: spine injury, quadriplegia, neurological deficit, fixation, mortality and morbidity

....

Abstract: Introduction: Diabetic muscle infarction is a rare and often a misdiagnosed complication of poorly controlled diabetes. Early detection and accurate diagnosis play a pivotal role in its management. It can be associated with other complications of poor glycemic control, including nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Although, there has been previously reported cases, the incidence is less, probably due to the fact that it is often misdiagnosed. Case presentation: A 45-year-old male presented with pain and swelling in the distal third of his left thigh for one month. He had been diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus for three years but had not been taking any medication. Examination revealed.......

Keywords: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, swelling, muscle infarction

[1]. Angervall L, Stener B. Tumoriform focal muscular degeneration in two diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 1965 Aug 1;1(1):39–42.
[2]. Trujillo-Santos AJ. Diabetic muscle infarction: an underdiagnosed complication of long-standing diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003 Jan;26(1):211–5.
[3]. Hoyt JR, Wittich CM. Diabetic Myonecrosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Oct 1;93(10):3690.
[4]. Bjornskov EK, Carry MR, Katz FH, Lefkowitz J, Ringel SP. Diabetic muscle infarction: a new perspective on pathogenesis and management. Neuromuscul Disord NMD. 1995 Jan;5(1):39–45.
[5]. Palmer GW, Greco TP. Diabetic thigh muscle infarction in association with antiphospholipid antibodies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Feb 1;30(4):272–80..

Abstract: Small bowel volvulus (SBV) refers to the abnormal twisting of a loop of small bowel about the axis of its mesentery1-4. This leads to mechanical intestinal obstruction which may be partial or complete and further causing bowel ischemia, necrosis, perforation, and peritonitis5,6. SBV is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction accounting 1–4% cases in Western World, but up to 20–35% cases are seen in Asia, Africa, and the Middle east7.There are no known predisposing factors for primary small bowel volvulus, it occurs mainly in children and young adults, whereas the secondary type is usually found between the age of 40 and 90 years8,9. Volvulus may present as central abdominal........

[1]. Islam S, Hosein D, Dan D, Naraynsingh V. Volvulus of ileum: A rare cause of small bowel obstruction. BMJ Case Reports. 2016; doi:10.1136/bcr-2016-216159
[2]. Faizan S, Jain AK, Thimmappa D. Primary Ileal Volvulus: A rare cause of small intestinal obstruction. International Surgery Journal. 2020;7(4):1304. doi:10.18203/2349-2902.isj20201416
[3]. ROGGO A, OTTINGER LW. Acute small bowel volvulus in adults a sporadic form of strangulating intestinal obstruction. Annals of Surgery. 1992;216(2):135–41. doi:10.1097/00000658-199208000-00003
[4]. Klein J, Baxstrom K, Donnelly S, Feasel P, Koles P. A fatal twist: Volvulus of the small intestine in a 46-year-old woman. Case Reports in Medicine. 2015;2015:1–4. doi:10.1155/2015/391093
[5]. Bernstein SM, Russ PD. Midgut volvulus: A rare cause of acute abdomen in an adult patient. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1998;171(3):639–41. doi:10.2214/ajr.171.3.9725289.

Abstract:Background: The radial fossa and the coronoid fossa are two fossae located anteriorly at the lower end of humerus. Posteriorly the lower end presents the olecranon fossa. Separating the olecranon fossa and coronoid fossa is a plate of bone which is thin. This thin plate presents a foramen called supratrochlear foramen in some humerii. The supratrochlear foramen is a common anatomical variation at the distal end of the humerus. Materials and Methods: Supratrochlear foramen was studied in 75 humerii [35 right and 40 left] in the Department of Anatomy, Goa Medical College. The prevalence and the diameters of the supratrochlear foramen were measured as well as the distances of the foramen from the medial and lateral epicondyle and the mid-point of trochlea......

Keywords: Radial fossa, coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa, supratrochlear foramen, anthropology, supracondylar fracture, epicondyle

[1]. Kate BR., Dubey PN., A note on the septal apertures in the humerus of central Indians, Eastern anthropologist.,1970, 33, 105-110.
[2]. Hrdlicka A., The humerus septal apertures, Anthroplogie,1932, 10, 34-96.
[3]. Singhal S., Rao V., Supratrochlear foramen of the humerus, Anat Sci Int,2007, 82, 105-107.
[4]. Shivaleela C., Khizer Hussain Afroze, An osteological study of supratrochlear foramen of humerus of south Indian population with reference to anatomical and clinical implications, Anat Cell Biol, 2016, 49, 249-253
[5]. Ndou R., Smith P., Gemell R., Mohatla O., The supratrochlear foramen of the humerus in a South African dry bone sample, Clin Anat ,2013, 26, 870-4.

Abstract: •Peritonitis is defined as inflammation of serosal membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and the organs contained therein and is commonly encountered in surgical practice. •Perforated hollow viscus is characterized by loss of gastrointestinal wall integrity with subsequent leakage of enteric contents. •Direct trauma or tissue ischemia and necrosis leads to full thickness disruption of gastrointestinal wall and perforation.....

[1]. Sharma S, Singh S, Makkar N, Kumar A, Sandhu MS. Assessment of Severity of Peritonitis Using Mannheim Peritonitis Index. Niger J Surg. 2016;22(2):118 22.
[2]. V A M, C P M, S S , Srinivasarangan M. Efficacy of Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) Score in Patients with Secondary Peritonitis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Dec;8(12):NC01 3.
[3]. Kusumoto Yoshiko, Neyagawa Masayuki, et al. Study of Mannheim Peritonitis Index to Predict Outcome of Patients with Peritonitis. Japanese Journal of Gastroenterological Surgery. 2004;37(1):7 13.
[4]. Qureshi AM, Zafar A, Saeed K, Quddus A. Predictive power of Mannheim peritonitis index. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2005;15(11):693 6.
[5]. Malik AA, Wani KA, Dar LA, Wani MA, Wani RA, Parray FQ, et al. Mannheim Peritonitis Index and APACHE II prediction of outcome in patients with peritonitis. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg . 2010;16(1):27 32

Abstract: Background: Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting (Ponv) Are Common Sequeal Of General Anaesthesia. Ponv Is An Unpleasant, Distressing And Exhausting Experience For Patients Undergoing Surgery. Laparoscopy Compared To Conventional Surgery Reduces The Patient Morbidity Significantly, But Ponv Are The Most Common Distressing Symptoms. Aim: To Analyze The Effect Of Palonosetron Alone And Combination Of Ondansetron And Dexamethasone In Prevention Of Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting In Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery. Methods: This Is Prospective, Double Blind Study Comprising Of Sixty Four Patients Of Asa Grade I And Ii Of Either Sex, Aged 18-....

Keywords: Ponv, Palonosetron, Ondansetron, Dexamethasone

[1]. Christian c. Apfel, post-operative nausea and vomiting, Miller's Anesthesia 8th edition, chapter 97;2948-2950.
[2]. Kovac AL. Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Drugs 2000;59:213‑43.
[3]. Cohen MM, Duncan PG, DeBoer DP, Tweed WA. The postoperative interview: Assessing risk factors for nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 1994;78:7‑16.
[4]. Apfel CC, Läärä E, Koivuranta M, Greim CA, Roewer N. A simplified risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting: Conclusions from cross‑validations between two centers. Anesthesiology 1999;91:693‑700.
[5]. Naguib M, el Bakry AK, Khoshim MH, Channa AB, el Gammal M, el Gammal K, et al. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, tropisetron, granisetron and metoclopramide in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized, double‑blind comparison with placebo. Can J Anaesth 1996;43:226‑31.

Abstract: Determination of gestational age is crucial in predicting pregnancy outcomes, as it is linked directly with fetal maturity. Ultrasound is well known, time tested and safe modality in pregnancy. So using ultrasound, gestational age is determined in the present study using diaphyseal length of long bones like femur, humerus, radius and tibia along with other routine parameters like biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference etc. This study was conducted with the help of Department of Radiology, MGM Medical college Navi Mumbai in a sample size of 382 normal pregnant females in the second and third trimester. Estimated gestational age is found to be nearly accurate....

Key words: Gestational age, Diphyseal length, Biparietal diameter Abdominal circumference Diaphyseal femoral length Diaphyseal humeral length Diaphyseal radial length Diaphyseal tibial length.

[1]. Zeba Khan, Nafis Ahmad Faruqi. Determination of Gestational Age of Human Foetuses from Diaphyseal Lengths of Long Bones- A Radiological Study. Anat Soc India 2006;55:67-71.
[2]. Deter RL, Harrist RB, Hadlock FP, Carpenter RJ. The use of ultrasound in the assessment of normal fetal growth: a review. J Clin Ultrasound. 1981; 9: 481- 493.
[3]. Jeanty P., Kirkpatrick C., Struyven J., Ultrasonic evaluation of fetal limb growth part I, Radiology; 1981, 140:165-168.
[4]. Jeanty P., Kirkpatrick C., Struyven J., Ultrasonic evaluation of fetal limb growth part II, Radiology; 1982, 143:751-754.
[5]. Ott, W.J. (2000), Intrauterine growth restriction and Doppler ultrasonography.. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, 19: 661-665

Abstract: Background: More than half of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) report having experienced childhood maltreatment, including sexual and physical abuse. It appea rs that this early traumatic exposure impacts the clinical expression of the illness and its management. The objective of this study is to determine the link between childhood trauma and the characteristics of bipolar disorders in the Algerian population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross sectional study involving 144 bipolar patients, diagnosed according to the DSM.....

Key Word: Bipolar disorder, childhood trauma, treatment resistance

[1]. Morgan C, Fisher H. Environment and schizophrenia: environmental factors in schizophrenia: childhood trauma - a critical review. Schizophr Bull. 2007; 33:3–10.
[2]. Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, et al. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. Am J Prev Med. 1998; 14(4):245 58.
[3]. World Health Organization (2013). European report on preventing child maltreatment.
[4]. High Authority of Health (HAS). Child maltreatment: identification and conduct to be held. Report of elaboration. Paris service documentation. 2014; 114 pages.
[5]. Etain B, Aas M, Andreassen OA, Lorentzen S, Dieset I, Gard S, and al. Childhood trauma is associated with severe clinical characteristics of bipolar disorders. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013; 74(10):991 8.

Abstract: La cocaïne et une substance psychoactive illicite consommait largement par les jeunes adultes comme étant une substance addictive pouvant être utilisée par voie intraveineuse (IV), par voie nasale (cocaïne prisée ou sniffée) ou par voie inhalée (cocaïne fumée) (1). Cette substance est considérée dangereuse vu les conséquences et les complications qu'elle peut entrainer sur les poumons notamment les pneumonies et les bronchopneumonies tuberculose ou à germes banales (staphylococcus aureus) survenant sur un terrain immunocompétent ou associé à un terrain d'immunodépression......

[1]. Underner M, Peiffer G, Perriot J, Jaafari N. Complications pulmonaires chez les consommateurs de cocaïne. Rev Mal Respir. 1 janv 2020;37(1):45‑59.
[2]. Terra Filho M, Yen CC, Santos U de P, Muñoz DR. Pulmonary alterations in cocaine users. Sao Paulo Med J. févr 2004;122:26‑31.
[3]. Huan NC. MASSIVE BILATERAL LUNG ABSCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH COCAINE SMOKING: A CASE REPORT. CHEST. 1 avr 2019;155(4):56A.
[4]. Zippi M, Toma A, Maccioni F, Pica R. Candida Albicans Lung Abscess in an Illicit Drugs User With Hepatitis C Virus Chronic Infection. Cureus. 4 févr 2021;13(2):e13117.