iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2023

Abstract:Tamoxifen is an adjuvant hormone therapy used orally in breast cancer. Retinal toxicity to this product is an extremely rare condition. It is frequently characterized by its edematous and dose-dependent form. stopping this treatment stops the development and prevents bilateralization of the pathology. We report the case of a 46-year-old patient, under hormone therapy with tamoxifen for 3 years for hormone-sensitive breast cancer, in whom atrophic maculopathy was discovered following a gradual decline in visual acuity that has progressed over the past year..
Key words : Tamoxifen, maculpathy, cancer, breast...

[1] A.-A. Hui-Bon-Hoa a, S. Defoort-Dhellemmes b, T.H.C. Tran. Atrophic tamoxifen maculopathy. JFO. Doi : 10.1016/j.jfo.2010.09.017
[2] Vinding T, Nielsen NV. Retinopathy caused by treatment with tamoxifen in low dosage. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1983;61:45—50.
[3] Imperia PS, Lazarus HM, Lass J. Ocular complications of systemic cancer chemotherapy. Surv Ophthalmol 1989;34:209— 30.

Abstract: This is a case report of a female patient aged 50 years who visited the Dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery with a chief complaint of a swelling in her left palatal side with no history of pain or similar symptoms. The swelling was seen since 4 to 5years and was slow growing in nature. After a detailed clinical evaluation, a clinical provisional diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was stated and the patient was advised for surgical excision and biopsy. Post surgical Histopathological biopsy report was stated as Schwannoma.

Keywords: Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor, Perineurioma, Schwan cell tumor

[1]. David A. Hilton, Clemens Oliver Hanemann. Schwannomas and Their Pathogenesis review Article. Brain Pathology 24 (2014) 205–220.
[2]. Martins MD, Anunciato de Jesus L, Fernandes KP, Bussadori SK, Taghloubi SA, Martins MA. Intra-oral schwannoma: case report and literature review. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:121-5.
[3]. Yang SW, Lin CY. Schwannoma of the upper lip: case report and literature review. Am J Otolaryngol 2003;24:351-4.
[4]. Grabowski L. A rare case of schwannoma of the tongue. Otolaryngol Pol 2008;62:191-4
[5]. JC Hatzoitis, H Aspirides. Neurilemmoma (schwannoma) of oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1967;24:510–26..

Abstract: Background: Even though COPD among non-smokers (NS-COPD) is common, very less is known about this phenotype. We compared NS-COPD subjects with smoking COPD (S-COPD) patients in a tertiary care centre using a variety of criterias like age,sex,residence, biomass exposure , spirometry and radiology. Material & Methods: The present observational study was conducted at department of respiratory medicine of our tertiary care hospital. In our study, we enrolled 200 study participants presented in our OPD , who were presented with signs and symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clearance from Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before start of study. Written informed consent was taken from each study participant.......

Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, biomass smoke, non-smoking COPD, biomass fuel exposure.

[1]. Mirza S, Clay RD, Koslow MA, Scanlon PD. COPD Guidelines: A Review of the 2018 GOLD Report. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Oct;93(10):1488-1502.
[2]. Gold reports 2023. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. https://goldcopd.org/2023-gold-report-2/. Last accessed on feb , 15, 2023.
[3]. World Health Organisation: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2018.
[4]. Murthy KJ, Sastry JG. Economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Burden of disease in India. 2005:264.
[5]. Koul PA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Indian guidelines and the road ahead. Lung India. 2013 Jul;30(3):175-7.

Abstract: Background: Tracheostomy is a prevalent surgical procedure utilised in the management of critically ill patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. The decannulation process holds significant importance in the recovery of patients who are dependent on tracheostomy for prolonged mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, this particular procedure may be linked to considerable risks of morbidity and mortality. Objective: The aim of this study is to communicate the results and knowledge gained from a two-year examination of decannulation within a diverse group of 100 individuals who had previously undergone tracheostomy.......

Keywords: Decannulation, Tracheostomy, Mechanical ventilation, Respiratory failure, Neurological disorders, Sepsis, Patient selection, Complications, Outcomes, Factors, Retrospective study.

[1]. Epstein SK. Late complications of tracheostomy. Respir Care. 2005;50(4):542-9.
[2]. Bonvento B, Wallace S, Lynch J, Coe B, McGrath BA. Role of the multidisciplinary team in the care of the tracheostomy patient. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2017; 10:391-8.
[3]. Bach JR, Saporito LR. Indications and criteria for decannulation and transition from invasive to non-invasive long-term ventilatory support. Respir Care. 1994;39(5):515-528.
[4]. O'Connor HH, White AC. Tracheostomy decannulation. Respir Care. 2010;55(8):1076-81.
[5]. Muhle P, Suntrup-Krueger S, Burkardt K, et al. Standardized Endoscopic Swallowing Evaluation for Tracheostomy Decannulation in Critically Ill Neurologic Patients - A prospective evaluation. Neurol Res Pract. 2021; 3:1-0.

Abstract: Goldenhar syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral syndrome is a disorder with craniofacial morphogenesis. Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is characterized by craniofacial anomalies in association with vertebral, cardiac, renal, and central nervous defects. The syndrome is characterized by a classical triad of 1) mandibular hypoplasia resulting in facial asymmetry, 2) ocular and auricular malformations and 3) vertebral anomalies.In this article, we report a case of goldenhar syndrome describing about clinical features and importance of early diagnosis.

......

Abstract: Aim and objectives: The purpose of the study is to evaluate & compare the flexural strength and hardness of heat-polymerized PMMA when reinforced with Kevlar fibers, nylon fibers, metal mesh, and fiberglass mesh. Materials and methods: A total of 50 rectangular specimens of similar dimensions of heat-cured acrylic resin, 10 specimens of each group were fabricated according to ISO standardization. Group I (control group) consisted of specimens with no reinforcement. Specimens in group II were reinforced with nylon fibers. Group III specimens were reinforced with Kevlar fibers. Specimens in group IV were reinforced with metal mesh. Specimens in Group V were reinforced with glass fiber mesh. FS was evaluated with a three‑point bending test and hardness using the Rockwell hardness test. The results were analyzed with a one‑way analysis of variance......

Keywords: Kevlar fibers, nylon fibers, metal mesh, fiberglass mesh.

[1]. Jacob John, MDS, Shivaputrappa A. Gangadhar, MDS, and Ila Shah, MDS, Flexural strength of heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture resin reinforced with glass, aramid, or nylon fibers. THE JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY, VOLUME 86 NUMBER 4, 2001.
[2]. Ronakh Choksi, pranav mody Flexural properties and impact strength of denture base resins reinforced with micronized glass flakes. The journal of Indian prosthodontic society, 2017.
[3]. Sang-Hui Yu, PhD, Seunghan Oh, PhD, Hye-Won Cho, DDS, PhD, and Ji-Myung Bae, DDS, PhD. Reinforcing effect of glass-fiber mesh on complete dentures in a test model with a simulated oral mucosa. JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY 2017.
[4]. Mohammed M Gad, Shaimaa M Fouda, Fahad A AL-Harbi, PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition. Pubmed 2017.
[5]. Karthik Kannaiyan, M. Biradar Sharashchandra, Swetha Kattimani, Malati Devi, Boinapelli Vengal Rao, Sudarshan Kumar. Comparison of Flexural Strength of Kevlar, Glass, and Nylon Fibers Reinforced Denture Base Resins With Heat Polymerized Denture Base Resins. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences 2020.

Abstract: Background: Pulpectomy is the treatment of choice for primary teeth with irreversible pulpitis or pulpal necrosis. Mechanical instrumentation is of utmost importance and can be accomplished by instrumentation with hand, rotary or reciprocating systems. Aims: The study aims to assess and compare the instrumentation time taken and quality of obturation using two pediatric NITI rotary files e.g., Kedo SG Blue and Prime PedoTM with ISO hand K File in deciduous teeth. Materials and Methods: A double blinded study was planned where pulpectomy was performed on primary mandibular second molars in children of age 4–9 years . Sixty primary mandibular second molars were randomly......

Keywords: Paediatric, NITI Rotary File, ISO K Hand Files and Primary Mandibular Molars.

[1]. Tooth eruption. The primary teeth . Journal of American Dental Association VOL 136 https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0095
[2]. Karimi M. "Importance of Preserving Deciduous Teeth in Childhood". Scientific Archives Of Dental Sciences 3.12 (2020): 01-05.
[3]. King, N. M., Anthonappa, R. P., & Itthagarun, A. (2007). The importance of the primary dentition to children - Part 1: Consequences of not treating carious teeth. Hong Kong Practitioner, 29(2), 52-61.
[4]. Karimi, M. (2018). The Causes of Early Primary Tooth Loss (An Overview). CPQ Dentistry, 2(1), 01-05.
[5]. Suri, L., Gagari, E., & Vastardis, H. (2004). Delayed tooth eruption: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. A literature review. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 126(4), 432–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.10.031

Abstract: Malrotaion with Volvulus is an acute emergency in children more often in infants. Ultrasound is the ideal modality in diagnosing the condition .Malrotation with associated duplication cyst is a rare entity. we report one such case..

Keywords: malrotation, volvulus, duplication cyst

[1]. Withers, J. Loveland, A. Grieve: Gastro-intestinal duplication cyst with associated malrotation and volvulus in a 5-week-old infant. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports, Volume 29, 2018, Pages 49-51, ISSN 2213-576
[2]. Bonadio WA, Clarkson T, Naus J. The clinical features of children with malrotation of the intestine. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1991 Dec;7(6):348-9. doi: 10.1097/00006565-199112000-00007. PMID: 1788123.
[3]. E. Botchway, N. Tshifularo, M.J. Human, Mesenteric cyst as a presentation of chronic midgut volvulus in a 12 year old boy, Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports,55 (2020)
[4]. Tackett JJ, Muise ED, Cowles RA. Malrotation: Current strategies navigating the radiologic diagnosis of a surgical emergency. World J Radiol. 2014;6(9):730-736. doi:10.4329/wjr.v6.i9.730
[5]. Azzam A, Abdulkarim AN, Shehata AEM, et al. A report of two infant cases operated for jejunal duplication cyst associated with malrotation and volvulus. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2020;67:227-230. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.02.009

Abstract: Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence of substance use and associated factors in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The study also explored the severity of alcohol and tobacco dependence using standardized assessment scales. Material and Methods: A total of 400 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were included in the study. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, and the severity of alcohol and tobacco dependence was assessed using the AUDIT and Fagerstrom scales, respectively. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and chi-square and t-tests were employed for associations between categorical and continuous variables, respectively......

Keywords: Schizophrenia, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Nicotine

[1]. Kendler KS, Gallagher TJ, Abelson JM, Kessler RC. Lifetime prevalence, demographic risk factors, and diagnostic validity of nonaffective psychosis as assessed in a US community sample. The National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53(11):1022-1031.
[2]. Palmer BA, Pankratz VS, Bostwick JM. The lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia: A reexamination. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(3):247-253.
[3]. Olincy A, Stevens KE. Treating schizophrenia symptoms with an alpha7 nicotinic agonist, from mice to men. Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;74(8):1192-1201.
[4]. McGrath JJ, Saha S, Chant DC, Welham JL. Schizophrenia: A concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30:67-76.
[5]. Aleman A, Kahn RS, Selten JP. Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: Evidence from meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60(6):565-571.

Abstract: Oral disease greatly affects quality of life, as the oral cavity plays an essential role in our day-to-day life including speech, mastication, food and liquid consumption. Treatment of oral disease is greatly limited by the dose forms that are currently available, which suffer from short contact times, poor site specificity, and sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. Mucoadhesive patches prepared using electrospinning offer the potential to address these challenges by allowing unidirectional site-specific drug delivery through intimate contact with the mucosa and with high surface areas to facilitate drug release. This review will discuss the range of electrospun mucoadhesive devices that have recently been reported to address oral inflammatory diseases, pain relief, and infections.

Keywords: Electrospinning, nanofibers, mucoadhesive patch, drug delivery, inflammatory diseases, infections, pain relief

[1]. Baiju, R.; Peter, E.; Varghese, N.; Sivaram, R. Oral health and quality of life: Current concepts. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2017, 11, ZE21–ZE26.
[2]. Yang, C.; Liu, L.; Shi, H.; Zhang, Y. Psychological problems and quality of life of patients with oral mucosal diseases: A preliminary study in Chinese population. BMC Oral Health 2018, 18, 1–7
[3] Santocildes-Romero ME, Hadley L, Clitherow KH, Hansen J, Murdoch C, Colley HE, Thornhill MH, Hatton PV. Fabrication of electrospun mucoadhesive membranes for therapeutic applications in oral medicine. ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2017 Apr 5;9(13):11557-67.
[4] Edmans JG, Clitherow KH, Murdoch C, Hatton PV, Spain SG, Colley HE. Mucoadhesive electrospun fibre-based technologies for oral medicine. Pharmaceutics. 2020 Jun 2;12(6):504.
[5]. Squier, C.A.; Kremer, M.J. Biology of oral mucosa and esophagus. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 2001, 52242, 7–15.

Abstract: Background: One of the major global public health problems is the tobacco epidemic. Hence this study aims to assess the oral health of tobacco use in the Godihal tribal community in the Belagavi District of Karnataka. Objective: To estimate the tobacco use (smokeless/smoking tobacco) among tribal populations. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out at the Godihal tribal community from October 2022 to January 2023. Through......

Keywords:Smoking/Smokeless tobacco, Tobacco usage, Oral mucosal lesions, Oral Leukoplakia, Oral Submucous Fibrosis

[1]. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package. World Health Organization; 2008 Feb 11.
[2]. Theilmann M, Lemp JM, Winkler V, Manne-Goehler J, Marcus ME, Probst C, Lopez-Arboleda WA, Ebert C, Bommer C, Mathur M, Andall-Brereton G. Patterns of tobacco use in low- and middle-income countries by tobacco product and sociodemographic characteristics: nationally representative survey data from 82 countries. bmj. 2022 Aug 30;378.
[3]. Nargis N, Yong HH, Driezen P, Mbulo L, Zhao L, Fong GT, Thompson ME, Borland R, Palipudi KM, Giovino GA, Thrasher JF. Socioeconomic patterns of smoking cessation behavior in low and middle-income countries: Emerging evidence from the Global Adult Tobacco Surveys and International Tobacco Control Surveys. PloS one. 2019 Sep 6;14(9).
[4]. Mishra GA, Pimple SA, Shastri SS. An overview of the tobacco problem in India. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology. 2012 Jul;33(03):139-45.
[5]. Mbulo L, Palipudi KM, Smith T, Yin S, Munish VG, Sinha DN, Gupta PC, Swasticharan L. Patterns and related factors of bidi smoking in India. Tobacco Prevention & Cessation. 2020;6.

Abstract: Aim To estimate the prevalence of Naso Lacrimal duct ( obstruction in patients with infectious keratitis, and the need of surgical treatment by relieving the NLD obstruction in such c ases. Methodology The study is prospective, non control case series. 35 eyes of 35 patients with infectious keratitis included in this study......

Keywords: Infectious Kerati tis; Naso lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Chronic Dacryocystitis..

[1]. McLeod SD, LaBree LD, Tayyanipour R, Flower CW, Lee PP et al. The importance of initial management in the treatment of severe
infectious corneal ulcers. Ophthalmology 1995 102:1943 8.
[2]. Wong T, Ormonde S, Gamble G, McGhee CN. Severe infective keratitis leading to hospital admission in New Zealand.
Br.J.Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1103 8.
[3]. Bourcier T, Thomas F, Borderie V, Chaumeil C, Laroche L. Bacterial keratitis: predisposin g factors, clinical and microbiological
review of 300 cases. Br.J.Ophthalmol. 2003;87:834 8.
[4]. Keay L, Edwards K, Naduvilath T, Taylor HR, Snibson GR et al. Microbial keratitis predisposing factors and morbidity.
Ophthalmology 2006;113:109 16.
[5]. Ibrahi m YW, Boase DL, Cree IA. Epidemiological characteristics, predisposing factors and microbiological profiles of infectious
corneal ulcers: the Portsmouth corneal ulcer study. Br.J.Ophthalmol. 2009;93:1319 24.

Abstract: Malrotaion with Volvulus is an acute emergency in children more often in infants. Ultrasound is the ideal modality in diagnosingthe condition .Malrotation with associated duplication cyst is a rare entity. we report one such case..

Keywords: malrotation, volvulus, duplication cyst

......