iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2017

Abstract: Background: Abortion is considered not only a major reproductive health matter, but also as a health risk factor for mother's well-being and threatening their lives and comforts. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of abortion and its immediate complications and the possible risk factors associated with abortion in Orrota Maternity Hospital (OMH), Eritrea. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical - a cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 women admitted with abortion into the gynecological ward of OMH from January – June, 2016. Data were collected by interviewing a structured questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 20.............

Keywords –abortion, immediate complications, associated factors

[1]. Baba S, Noda H, Nakayama M, Waguri M, Mitsuda N & Iso H. Risk factors of early spontaneous abortions among Japanese: a matched case-control study, Human Reproduction, 26 (2), 2011, 466-472.
[2]. Gelay AA, Taye KN & Mekonen T. Magnitude and risk factors of abortion among female students in wolaita sodo university, Ethiopia. BMC womens health, 14 (50), 2014, 1-9. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/14/50/prepub. Accessed on 18 Feb 2016.
[3]. Ghidey G. Degree of Abortion Caseload admitted to National and Zoba (region) Maternity Care Referral Centers in Eritrea. International Journal of Sci. Basic and Applied Research, 20 (2), 2015, 97-100.
[4]. Guttmacher. Facts on Induced Abortion Worldwide. Induced abortion worldwide, guttmacher institute, 2012, 1-3. Retrieved from Internet: www.guttmacher.org/media/inthenews/2012/10/04/index.html, June 2012 [Mar, 15 2014].
[5]. Jibril UN, Kayode OS, Umar A, Umar AG, Abubaker IA, Ayoade IM et al. Spontaneous abortion among women admitted into gynaecological wards of three selected hospitals in Maiduguri, Nigeria." A non-experimental descriptive study. International journal of nursing and midwifery. 6 (2), 2014, 24-31..

Abstract: Incidence rate of metastatic carcinoma to adrenal cortex is close to that of primary neoplasm of the organ. Precise diagnosis of Primary Adrenocortical neoplasm and their differentiation from metastatic carcinoma is essential. Fine Needle Aspiration yields uncertain cellularity, whereas surgical specimen are associated with relatively high morbidity. Core Needle Biopsy is becoming rapidly popular mode for tissue diagnosis of the neoplasm of this region. Routine Hamatoxelene and Eosin stain does not always give precise diagnosis and help of immunohistochemistry is necessary more often than not .Though combination large array of antibody provide most specific diagnosis in FNA.........

Keywords: Core-needle Biopsy, Adrenal, A103/AE1/AE3

[1]. Saboorian H, Katz R, Boyd D, et al. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of primary and metastatic lesions of adrenal gland [abstract]. Mod Pathol. 1992;5:28A.
[2]. DeLellis RA, Feran-Doza M. Diseases of the adrenal glands. In: Murphy WM, ed. Urological Pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1997:562-565.
[3]. Silverman JF, Katz RL. Fine needle aspiration of the adrenal gland. In: Schmidt W, ed. Cytopathology Annual. Chicago, IL: ASCP Press; 1994;149-173.
[4]. Lack EE, Travis WD, Oertel JE. Adrenal cortical nodules, hyperplasia, and hyperfunction. In: Lack EE, ed. Pathology of the Adrenal Glands. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone;1990:75-113.
[5]. Vazquez B.J,Richards M.L, Lohse C.M, et al. Adrenalectomy Improves Outcomes of Selected Patients with Metastatic Carcinoma. World J Surg (2012) 36:1400–1405..

Abstract: Ectopic pregnancy, also known as eccyesis or tubal pregnancy, is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus (the cervix, ovaries, or within the abdomen). Clinical trial of ectopic pregnancy is abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and a period of amenorrhoea. Detection of ectopic pregnancy is typically by blood tests for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and ultrasound. A success in the management of ectopic pregnancy lies in the prompt diagnosis and proper management. Some ectopic pregnancy may present without a period of amenorrhoea, which warrants high index of suspicion. Here, we report a case of 27 year old patient with a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy presented with abdominal...........

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Abstract: Background: Hysteroscopic guided biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing endometrial pathologies. It is an invasive procedure and its use can be restricted by using imaging modalities like TVS. TVS is a first line screening procedure which has very high sensitivity in detecting endometrial pathologies. Aim and Objective: To compare the hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasonography finding with the histopathological report of specimen of endometrium obtained by hysteroscopic guided biopsies. To evaluate the accuracy of hysteroscopy compared to transvaginal sonography in diagnosing the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding.........

Key words: TVS, Hysteroscopy, Endometrial pathology, Biopsy.

[1]. Awwad JT, Toth TL, Schiff I. Abnormal uterine bleeding in theperimenopause. Int J Fertil 1993;38:261–9.
[2]. Wren BG. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Aust Family Physic1998;54:61–72.2. Spencer CP, Whitehead MI. Endometrial
assessment revisited. Br J. Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 106(7): 623-32.
[3]. Munro MG, Critchley HO, Broder MS, et al. FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders. FIGO classification system (PALMCOEIN)
for causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in nongravid women of reproductive age. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 113: 3-13.
[4]. Urvashiverma, RuchikaGarg et al, Journal of South Asian Federation of Menopause societies 2014
[5]. Veena B T, etal, Journal of clinical and Diagnostic research 2014.

Abstract: The present work was carried out in the Department of FMT, in collaboration with the Department of Haematology, NRSMCH to study the Changes in Haemogram in subjects after death as a tool to estimate Time Passed since Death. Total 84 cases were selected randomly at a known post-mortem interval ranging from 0 to 48 hours after death having age group of 2.5 years to 93 years. The cases were taken for the study are: a) The time of death is known b) Upto 48 hours after death and cases were not included in the study are: a) Decomposed dead bodies b) Exact time of death is not known c) Pre-existing haematological diseases. The blood sample collected in EDTA vial were analysed by Automated Cell Counter and evaluated the value of.............

Key words: hemogram, time since death, haematocrit, RBC, WBC, Platelet

[1]. Mukherjee J B. Death And Its Medicolegal Aspects. Forensic Medicine And Toxicology. Edited By R N Karmakar. Academic
Publishers.3rd Edition. 2007.314-316.
[2]. Nandy Apurba. Postmortem Changes. Principals Of Forensic Medicine Including Toxicology. New Central Book Agency.3rd
Edition.2010.
[3]. Knight Bernard. Changes After Death. The Estimation Of The Time Since Death In The Early Postmortem Period. Arnold
Publishers.2nd Edition.225-229.
[4]. Karmakar R N. Death With All Its Aspects. Forensic Medicine And Toxicology. Academic Publishers.3rd Edition.2010.394-395.
[5]. Reddy K S N. Postmortem Changes.The Essentials Of Forensic Medicine And Toxicology. K.Suguna Devi Publishers. Thirtieth
Edition.2011.161..

Abstract: To study Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) characteristics of macular edema in Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) at Tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Sri Ram Narayan Ruia Government General Hospital attached to Sri Venkateswara Medical college, Tirupati. 64 eyes of 64 patients with BRVO fulfilling the inclusion criteria were examined as per protocol and results were analyzed. Results: Majority of the patients were in the age group of 60-70 yrs accounting for 41% and 38(59%) were males and 26 (41%) were females. All 64 cases (100%) were found to have central macular thickness (CMT) >250μm, serous retinal detachment (SRD)was found in 18 (28.12%)cases and cystoid macular edema was found in 60(93.75%) cases...........

Keywords: Branch retinal vein occlusion, central macular thickness, cystoid macular edema, Optical coherence tomography, serous retinal detachment,

[1]. SS Hayreh, Prevalent misconceptions about acute retinal vascular occlusive disorders, Prog Retinal Eye Res, 2005, 24(4), 493–519.
[2]. P Mitchell , W Smith , A Chang, Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusion in Australia, The Blue Mountains eye study, Arch Ophthalmol.1996, 114 (10), 1243-7.
[3]. R Klein, SE Moss, SM Meuer, BE Klein, The 15-year cumulative incidence of retinal vein occlusion, The Beaver Dam eye study, Arch Ophthalmol. 2008, 126(4), 513–18.
[4]. JB Jonas, V Nangia, A Khare, A Sinha, S Lambat, Prevalence and associations of retinal vein occlusions- The Central India Eye and Medical Study, Retina 2103, 33(1), 152–59
[5]. H. Hoerauf, Branch retinal vein occlusion, in A.M. Joussen(Ed), Retinal vascular disease,( Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2007) 467-501

Abstract: Conical teeth abnormalities are usually seen in the upper incisors. Notwithstanding being seen smaller than normal size, these teeth can be of cylindrical, pin, wedge or barrel-like shapes. In general, environmental and genetic factors take place in the etiology of conical teeth abnormalities. In this case report, radiographic evaluations of the patient with conical teeth abnormalities and the restoration of that case with composite veneer after the diagnosis were discussed.

Key words:Dental abnormalities, wedge defect, direct composite restorations.

[1]. P.S. Casamassimo, A.J. Nowak, R.L. Ettinger and D.J. Schlenker, An unusual triad: microdontia, taurodontia, and dens invaginatus,
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 45(1), 1978, 107-112.
[2]. I. Umar and H. Kamalak, Bleaching Discolored Devitalized Teeth with using of new agents, IOSR Journal of dental and medical
sciences, 13(3), 2014, 79-82.
[3]. L.B. Pedersen, N. Clausen, H. Schrøder, M. Schmidt and S. Poulsen, Microdontia and hypodontia of premolars and permanent
molars in childhood cancer survivors after chemotherapy, Int J Paediatr Dent, 22(4), 2012, 239-243.
[4]. A. Singhal, P. Singhal, R. Gupta and K.D. Jarial, True generalized microdontia and hypodontia with spondylo epiphyseal dysplasia,
Case reports in dentistry, 2013, 112-116.

Abstract: Diastema is the space between the teeth and is the anomaly characterized with lack of contact surface between the teeth. They can be localized or be enough to cover the entire arc as well as they can be found in posterior or anterior. In this case report, the radiographic evaluation of the patient concerned about the aesthetic problems in the anterior region and restoration of patients with composite veneer after the diagnosis were discussed.

Key words: Aesthetic, Diastema, composite veneer.

[1]. D.A. Garber and M.A. Salama, The aesthetic smile: diagnosis and treatment, Periodontol 2000, 11(1), 1996, 18-28.
[2]. J. Schmidseder, Aesthetic dentistry. 2000: Univ of California Press.
[3]. S.R. Snow, Esthetic smile analysis of maxillary anterior tooth width: the golden percentage, Journal of Esthetic and Restorative
Dentistry, 11(4), 1999, 177-184.
[4]. R. Hickel, D. Heidemann, H. Staehle, P. Minnig and N. Wilson, Direct composite restorations, Clin Oral Invest, 8, 2004, 43-44.

Abstract: Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common bacterial infection in infants and children with a peak for infants especially in toilet training period. A prevalence of 3% - 7% is reported in children younger than two years, while it is presenting in emergency departments (ED) with a febrile illness. Since it is difficult to diagnose UTI in young children many cases are probably missed. Along with all the mentioned symptoms, another common symptom for many diseases in infants and children is diarrhea. Diarrhea as a symptom is likely to be presented in UTI. Since in developing countries diarrhea is rampant, demonstration of an association between UTI and diarrhea will be of clinical significance. Objective: Primary objective of this study is to know the prevalence of Urinary tract infections in infants and children presenting with diarrhea.e........

Key words: children, dehydration, diarrhea, urinary tract infection.

[1]. Bensman A, Tim Ulinsk D. Urinary tract infection. 6 ed. USA: Springer; 2009. pp. 1299–311.
[2]. Zorc JJ, Levine DA, Platt SL, et al. Clinical and demographic factors associated with urinary tract infection in young febrile infants.Pediatrics 2005; 116:644–8.
[3]. Dairiki Shortliffe LM. Urinary tract infections in infants and children.8 ed. 1.Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2002. pp. 1846–84.
[4]. Kramer MS, Tange SM, Drummond KN, Mills EL. Urinary testing in young febrile children : A risk benefit analysis. J Pediatr 1994; 125:6-13.
[5]. Pryles CV, Luders D. The bacteriology of the urine in infants and children with gastroenteritis. Pediatrics, 1961, 28:877–84.

Abstract: Mobile phone is a new technological tool in the field of communication, use of which may involve risk of abuse and addictive behaviour. In recent years there is an increase in prevalence of mobile phone dependence among younger population. Objective:To assess mobile phone dependence and self-perceived effects among medical students. Methodology:A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among 200 MBBS students during May 2016. Modified Mobile Phone Dependence Questionnaire (MPDQ) with 20 items each with ratings 0, 1, 2, and 3with total scores ranging from 0 to 60 was used for assessing dependence. The questionnaire was self-administered after taking informed consent. Subjects with scores in the highest quartile were put in the high-dependence category. Epi-data version 3.1 and SPSS version 16 used for data entry and analysis..........

Key words: Dependence, Medical students, Mobile phone

[1]. Highlights on Telecom Subscription Data as on 31 May 2015 Available from : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_statistics_in_India.
[2]. Mobile phone overuse. Available from :https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_ overuse (last accessed on 6-10-2015)

[3]. WHO. "Management of substance abuse: Dependence Syndrome" (last retrieved 3-10-2015)
[4]. American Psychiatric Association (2013). "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders". American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC, USA. 5th edition

[5]. Davey S, Davey A (2014). "Assessment of Smartphone Addiction in Indian Adolescents: A Mixed Method Study by Systematic-review and Meta-analysis Approach". J Prev Med. 5 (12): 1500–1511. PMID 2570978

Abstract: Although preventive drug therapy is a priority after acute coronary syndrome, less is known about adherence to behavioral recommendations.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of premature heart disease is preventable. The landmark INTERHEART Study reiterates and reinforces the crucial role of certain risk factors that when modified through lifestyle and medication reduces the burden of CAD (coronary artery disease) in India. The prevalence of major modifiable risk factors is high and is increasing in India. Two simple factors (tobacco and abnormal lipid ratio) explain more than two thirds of risk, and confirms that tobacco, diet, and physical activity may have huge implications for the Indian population in the increase of coronary artery disease.........

Key words: risk factors, coronary artery disease, lifestyle modification

[1]. Sonia S. Anand, Shofiqul Islam ,Annika Rosengren, Risk factors for myocardial infarction in women and men: European Heart Journal Volume 29, Issue 7 Pp. 932-940
[2]. Clara K. Chow, Sanjit Jolly, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Keith A.A. Fox, Sonia S. Anand and Salim Association of Diet, Exercise, and Smoking Modification With Risk of Early Cardiovascular Events After Acute Coronary Syndromes Circulation. 2010;121:750-758
[3]. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, McQueen M, Budaj A, Pais P, Varigos J, Lisheng Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. L. Lancet. 2004;364:937–952.
[4]. Mediterranean diet and survival among patients with coronary heart disease in Greece. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:929 –935.
[5]. Ajay VS, Prabhakaran D. Coronary heart disease in Indians: implications of the INTERHEART study. Indian J Med Res. Nov 2010;132(5):561-566...

Abstract: Background:The incidence of stroke and level of poor outcome after stroke (in terms of disability and mortality rate) both increase with age. With the growth of the global elderly population, the prevalence of stroke will also rise. Objective of the study: To examine demographic characteristics, clinical features, neuroimaging data, andoutcome of all first ever stroke events occurring in individuals aged 75 years or older. Methods:This is a retrospective study of all first ever437 stroke patients referred to neurology department over 1-year. Data iscollected from hospital-based stroke registry.For the purpose of this study.............

Key words: Stroke in elderly, Ischemic stroke, Stroke in young

[1]. Strong, K., Mathers, C. & Bonita, R. Preventing strokes: saving lives around the world. Lancet Neurol. 6, 182-187 (2007).
[2]. Sturm, J. W. et al. Quality of life after stroke: the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Stroke 35, 2340-2345 (2004).
[3]. Rojas, J. I., Zurrú, M. C., Romano, M., Patrucco, L. & Cristiano, E. Acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in the very old—risk factor profile and stroke subtype between patients older than 80 years and patients aged less than 80 years. Eur. J. Neurol. 14, 895-899 (2007).
[4]. Fernando, M. S. et al. White matter lesions in an unselected cohort of the elderly. Molecular pathology suggests origin from chronic hypoperfusion injury. Stroke 37, 1391-1398 (2006).
[5]. Pantoni, L. & Garcia, J. H. Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis. Stroke 28, 652-659 (1997).

Abstract: Aim: This is a retrospective study done to evaluate the efficacy of cyclocryotherapy in the management of cases with very high intraocular pressure. Key words: Absolute glaucoma,neovascular glaucoma,ciliary body,intraocular pressure,cyclocryotherapy. Results: It was observed in our study that intraocular tension, pain,redness of eyes and watering were reduced in 90% of cases Conclusion: Cyclocryotherapy is very effective in cases of glaucoma that do not respond to other medical and surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology during a period of 3years.........

[1]. Stallards Eye Surgery 6th Edition Page 349.
[2]. Benson MJ NELSON M.E Cyclocryotherapy A Of Cases Over 10 Years – British Journal Of Ophthalmology 1990 14 -1033
[3]. Henneker .R . Belgrado-Cyclocryotherapyas An Alternative Treatement For Primary Glaucoma 1992 224 169
[4]. Caprioli.J.Stray Sl Spaeth Polyzen – Cyclocryotherapy In Treatement Of In Advanced Glaucoma 1985 1947-54
[5]. Brindly And Shields M B Value And Limitations Of Cyclocryotherapy.

Abstract: Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast is a very rare and aggressive tumor. It is associated mainly with haematogenous rather than lymphatic spread, making axillary dissection less important. Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the breast must be differentiated from clinically similar metaplastic carcinoma and malignant phyllodes because they differ biologically and in treatment approach as well. The diagnosis of primary osteosarcoma of the breast is mainly based on histopathology and immunochemistry. We report a 45 years old female with primary osteosarcoma of the breast. There is less than a hundred cases in literature on primary osteosarcoma of the breast, most being single case reports. Hence, due to the rarity of the disease, we are reporting this case..

[1]. Bahrami A, Resetkova E, Ro JY, Ibañez JD, Ayala AG. Primary osteosarcoma of the breast:Report of 2 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med.2007;131:792-5.
[2]. Blanchard DK, Reynolds CA, Grant CS, Donohue JH. Primary nonphylloides breast sarcomas. Am J Surg. 2003;186:359-61.
[3]. Kaul R, Julka PK, Lakshmi J et al. Osteosarcoma of the breast:A case report. Bahrain Med Bull.2000;22(4):86-87.
[4]. Rakha EA, Tan PH, Shaaban A et al. Do primary mammary osteosarcoma and chondrosarcomaexist?A review of a large multi-institutional series of malignant matrix-producing breast tumours. Breast.2013;22:13-18.
[5]. Vorobiof G, Hariprasad G, Freinkel W, Said H, Vorobiof DA. Primary osteosarcoma of the breast:A case report .Breast J.2003;9(3):231-33..

Abstract: Background: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a noninvasive form of respiratory assistance to support spontaneously breathing infants with lung disease. The risk for pneumothorax is higher in infants with respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, and pulmonary hypoplasia and in infants who need resuscitation at birth. CPAP further increases the incidence of pneumothorax. Objectives: To study maternal and neonatal risk factors that was associated with pneumothorax after using
CPAP.

Key words: Neonates, Continuous positive airway pressure, Pneumothorax

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[2]. John E, Thomas DB, Burnard ED. Influence of early introduction of continuous positive pressure breathing on the course of hyaline
membrane disease. AustPaediatr J 1976; 12: 276–80.
[3]. Engelke SC, Roloff DW, Kuhns LR. Post extubation nasal continuous positive airway pressure: a prospective controlled study. Am
J Dis Child 1982; 136: 359–61
[4]. Gregory GA. Historical perspectives: continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Neo Reviews 2004; 5: e1–e4
[5]. Polin RA, Sahni R. Newer experience with CPAP. Semin Neonatol2002; 7:379–89...

Abstract:Discoloration in the non-vital teeth leads to physical and psychological problems in patient especially since it can be easily distinguished in the anterior region. Although the discoloration occuring in nonvital tooth is usually symmetrical, it occur by influencing several teeth. In this case report, the restorative treatment of patients concerning about the aesthetic problems in maxilla anterior part.

Key words: Devital bleaching, aesthetic, generalized caries.

[1]. R.D. Nascimento, R.N. Tango and E.T. Kimpara, Effects of non vital tooth bleaching on the resin composite restorations, evaluated
through microleakage tests, J Dent Res, 81, 2002, B83-B83.
[2]. F.G.F. Neto, H.C. Ruschel and N.S. deAlmeida, Bleaching of non vital primary teeth., J Dent Res, 75(5), 1996, 1093-1093.
[3]. A. Saadia, C. Francci, M. Santos, A.D. Loguercio and M. Brzozowsski, Evaluation of the scaling in non-vital bleaching therapy., J
Dent Res, 81, 2002, B209-B209.

[4]. A. Saadia, C. Francci, M. Santos, A.D. Loguercio and M. Brzozowsski, Evaluation of the scaling in non-vital bleaching therapy., J
Dent Res, 81, 2002, B119-B119.
[5]. A.C. Shearer, K. Hayer and T. MacFarlane, An in vitro comparison of bleaching methods for discoloured non-vital teeth., J Dent
Res, 81, 2002, A500-A500..