iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2017

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a grave public health problem in India and across the world. Sputum microscopy is the most reliable, easy and practical method to diagnose TB. With advent of new technology Light Emitting Diode (LED) microscopes have replaced light microscopy as the main tool for diagnosis. Aims: In this study, we evaluated efficiency of LED microscopy over light microscopy in diagnosis of TB through sputum smear. Methods and Materials: The study was conducted in the designated microscopy centre (DMC) of Calcutta Medical College under department of Pulmonology. LED microscopy was introduced in August, 2012. Data from TB registrar was retrospectively collected from January, 2009 to December, 2016. Data analysed for overall efficiency of LED microscopy...........

Keywords –Auramine staining, Light Emitting Diode (LED) microscopes, Light Microscope, Tuberculosis, TB suspect, Sputum smear microscopy, Z-N staining.

[1]. TB India 2017, chapter 2; Central TB Division, DGHS
[2]. Ellis E, Dawson K, Gallant V, Phypers M, Scholten D (2010) Tuberculosis in Canada 2009 - Pre-release. Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada.,LED Microscopy in Low TB Incidence Settings PLoS ONE
[3]. Small PM, Pai M (2010) Tuberculosis diagnosis--time for a game change. N Engl J Med 363: 1070–1071.
[4]. Manual for Sputum Smear Fluorescence Microscopy; Central TB Division
[5]. Ramsay A, Cuevas LE, Mundy CJ, Nathanson CM, Chirambo P, et al. (2009) New policies, new technologies: modelling the potential for improved smear microscopy services in Malawi. PLoS ONE 4: e7760. doi:10.1371/journal.- pone.0007760.

Abstract: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is defined as bleeding not associated with an organic cause in women of child-bearing age.Histopathological evaluation of endometrial samples is essential in the workup of abnormal uterine bleeding. This study was carried out to evaluate patterns of endometrial histological findings in women with abnormal uterine bleeding and to correlate histopathological findings with clinical features. Materials And Methods: One hundred and eighty five patients(185) with diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding who underwent endometrial sampling were studies. The slides were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain ............

Key words: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding, endometrium, endometrial carcinoma.

[1]. Yusuf NW, Nadeem R, Yusuf AW. Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: A Retrospective ClinicomorphologicalStudy over Two Years. Pak J ObstetGynaecol1996; 9(1): 27-30.
[2]. Brenner PF. Differential diagnosis of AUB. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:766-9.
[3]. Albers JR, Hull SK, Wesley RM. Abnormal uterine bleeding. Am Fam Phys. 2004;69:1915-26.
[4]. Afgan S, Yasmeen A. Abnormal uterine bleeding a clinicopathological study of 150 cases. Ann Pak Inst Med Sci. 2013;9(4):201-4.
[5]. Singh A, Bai RPV. Study of histopathological pattern of endometrium in abnormal uterine bleeding and its management. Int J Reprod Contracept ObstetGynecol2016;5:432-6.
[6]. Doraiswami S, Johnson T, Rao S, Rajkumar A, Vijayaraghavan J, Panicker VK. Study of endometrial pathology in Abnormal uterine bleeding. J ObstetGynecol India. 2011;61:426-30...

Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin D has been associated with mineral homeostasis and musculoskeletal health. However many studies have described the extra- skeletal effects of the vitamin D, like low levels of vitamin D have been associated with diabetes, peripheral vascular disease , hypertension, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In our study we have tried to find out any of its association with cerebrovascular accident. Objective: To evaluate serum Vitamin D levels in stroke patients. Method: Data for the study was collected from thirty acute stroke patients , admitted in the medicine ICU of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand. The healthy control group comprise thirty healthy persons, age and sex matched to cases.............

Keywords: Vitamin D, stroke, PTH, Jharkhand patients

[1]. De Luca H. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(6, suppl):1689S-1696S.
[2]. Schwartz GG, Whitlatch LW, Chen TC, Lokeshwar BL,Holick MF. Human prostate cells synthesize1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. CancerEpidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998;7:391-395.
[3]. Holick MF. Vitamin D Deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:266–81.
[4]. Watson KE, Abrolat ML, Malone LL, et al. Active serumvitamin D levels are inversely correlated with coronarycalcification.Circulation 1997, 96:1755-1760.
[5]. Scragg R, et al. Myocardial infarction is inversely associatedwith plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels: community- based study. Int J Epidemiol 1990; 19:559-563.

Abstract: The current knowledge of tooth whitening with respect to external bleaching methods is to be reviewed.There has been a dramatic increase in the number of products and procedures over current years with a concomitant rise in publications on this topic with regards to the importance of tooth whitening for patient and consumers. According to the Literature, mechanisms of tooth whitening by peroxide happen by the diffusion of peroxide over enamel to cause oxidation and therefore lightening of coloured species, particularly within the dentinal regions. Changes in tooth colour can be measured using a number of approaches. They arevisual measurements by skilled clinicians and instrumental measurements using spectrophotometry, chromameters and digital image analysis. The main factors that affect tooth whitening efficacy by peroxide comprising products are concentration and time. Generally,..............

Keywords: Tooth whitening, peroxide, bleaching

[1]. Qualtrough AJE, Burke FJT. A look at dental esthetics.Quintessence International 1994;25:7–14.
[2]. Odioso LL, Gibb RD, Gerlach RW. Impact of demographic,behavioural, and dental care utilization parameters ontooth color and personal satisfaction. Compendium ofContinuing Education in Dentistry 2000;21(Suppl. 29):S35–41.
[3]. Alkhatib MN, Holt R, Bedi R. Prevalence of self-assessedtooth discolouration in the United Kingdom. Journal ofDentistry 2004;32:561–6.
[4]. Watts A, Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining: areviewof the literature. British Dental Journal 2001;190:309–16.
[5]. Joiner A. Tooth colour: a review of the literature. Journal ofDentistry 2004;32(Suppl. 1):3–12..

Abstract: Background: Although blood transfusion is an essential part of medical treatment but it is also associated with significant clinical risks due to blood components' allogenic origin. In recent testing facilities have lowered the incidence of transfusion-transmitted Infections (TTIs) to minimum; however, the incidence of adverse events due to human errors, ABO incompatibility, alloimmunization, bacterial contamination, and immunomodulation phenomena remain a matter of concern. Aim of study: Present study was aimed to determine the frequency and types of NIATRs occurring in hospitalized patients at a tertiary care hospital in central India and its comparison with related study from India and abroad..........

Keywords: Blood Transfusion, non-infectious adverse transfusion reactions (NIATRs), Hemovigilance, Rational use of blood, Blood components

[1]. Dodd RY. Current risk for transfusion transmitted infections Curr Opin Hematol.2007; 14:671–676.
[2]. Popovsky MA, Robillard P, Schipperus M, Stainsby D, Tissot JD, Wiersum J. ISBT Working Party on Haemovigilance. Proposed standard definitions for surveillance of noninfectious adverse transfusion reactions. 2011. Available from: http://www.ihn-org.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/ISBT-definitions-for-non-infectious-transfusion-reactions.pdf. [Last accessed on 2014 Jun 15].
[3]. Hendrickson JE, Hillyer CD. Noninfectious serious hazards of transfusion. Anesth Analg 2009;108:759-69.
[4]. Mazzei CA, Popovsky MA, Kopko PM. Noninfectious complications of blood transfusion. In: Roback JD, Combs MR, Grossman BJ, et al., eds. Technical Manual, 16 th Ed. Bethesda, MD: American Association of Blood Banks; 2008:715-749.

[5]. Linden JV, Wagner K, Voytovich AE, et al. Transfusion errors in New York state: an analysis of 10 years' experience. Transfusion. 2000;40:1207-1213.[Abstract]..

Abstract: Maxillary first molar can have a mesio-buccal-2 (MB2) orifice located palatally, but adjacent to the mesio buccal orifice. An awareness and understanding of this root canal morphology can contribute to the successful outcome of root canal treatment. This report discusses endodontic treatment of a maxillary first molar with unusual location of second mesio buccal orifice. Conventional diagnostic aids such as radiographs play an important role in assessment of complex root canal morphologies. This paper presents a case report on the occurrence of a second mesiobuccal canal or the MB2 in the maxillary first molar.

Keywords : Anatomical variations, Maxillary first molar, second mesiobuccal canal, MB2

[1]. Baratto-Filho F, Fariniuk LF, Ferreira EL, Pecora JD, Cruz-Filho M, Sousa-Neto MD. Clinical and macroscopic study of maxillary molars with two palatal roots. Int Endod J 2002;35:796-801
[2]. Weine FS. Endodontic therapy. 5th ed. 1996
[3]. Pecora JD, Woelfel JB, Sousa Neto MD, Issa EP. Morphologic study of the maxillary molars part II: Internal anatomy. Braz Dent J 1992;3:53-7.
[4]. Stropko JJ. Canal morphology of maxillary molars: Clinical observations of canal configurations. J Endod 1999;25:446-50
[5]. Schwarze T, Baethge C, Stecher T, Geurtsen W. Identification of second canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars using magnifying loupes or an operating microscope. Aust Endod J 2002;28:57-60.

Abstract: Traumatic bilateral gaze deficits are uncommon in adolescent population. They are typically associated with severe head injuries. We describe a case an unusual case of delayed presentation of complete bilateral Abducens nerve palsy in 12 years old boy following trivial head trauma. This case highlights the approach to diagnosis and possible treatment options for bilateral Abducens nerve palsy.

[1]. UzanM, Hanci M, Sarioglu AC, et al (1996) Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve paralysis with cervical spine flexion injury. Eur Spine J. 5:275-277.
[2]. Yanamadala V, Walcott BP, Nahed BV, Coumans JV (2012) Delayed post-traumatic bilateral abducens nerve palsy with complete recovery. J Clin Neurosci, 19(4): 585–86
[3]. Berlit P, Reinhardt-Eckstein J, Krause KH, et al (1989) Isolated abducens paralysis: a retrospective study of 165 patients. FortschrNeurolPsychiatr57:32-40.
[4]. Celikoz B, Duman H, Selmanpakoglu N (1996) Bilateral traumatic abducens nerve palsy as a complication of a frontal-nasal-orbital-ethmoidal fracture. J Oral MaxillofacSurg54:1471-1474.
[5]. Hollis G (1997) Sixth cranial nerve palsy following closed head injury in a child. J Accid Emerg Med 4:172-175.

Abstract: This human behavior study by random sample survey was conducted from 2013 – 2015 at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand. It was done among the 40 parent of CAT-1 patients (RNTCP) at the time of admission or within 24 hours to avoid any bias due to hospital stay. This quantitative cross sectional study of Human behavior indicated that majority of parent of Cat-1 patients acknowledged shame (62.5%) but were indifferent about hiding their ward's condition (45%). 37.5% had an indifferent attitude towards their ward's illness. 52.50% acknowledge that TB affects their relationship with others. Prolonged fever (22.50%), Cough (20%), Cough with blood.........

Keywords: Keywords: TB, Human Behavior, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice.

[1]. Chakraborty AK. Prevalence and incidence of tuberculosis infection and disease in India. Geneva: WHO; 1997 (WHO/TB/97.231).
[2]. Singh, V. Tuberculosis in children, Some Issues-Health for millions-1995,21:27-28
[3]. Consensus statement on childhood tuberculosis: Y.K.Amdekar et al : Ind. Ped.2010:47,41-55
[4]. Maria Christina N. bacay Dominigo , Anna lisenglin: PIDSP Journal 2009 : vol. 10 no.1 Imapct assessment of RNTCP –II communication campaign on KAP of target audience: central TB Division , MOHFW, New Delji, - A descriptive study of KAP on tuberculosis among treatment partners of pediatric patients in Tarlac city
[5]. Category based treatment of tuberculosis in children: SK Kabra et al 2004,41:927-937.

Abstract: Introduction: Hypotension following spinal anaesthesia is the most common complication in patients undergoing lower segment caesarean section (LSCS). Numerous techniques have been used to prevent spinal hypotension including crystalloids, colloids and vasopressors. In this study we evaluated the effects of intra muscular phenylephrine and ephedrine in prevention of hypotension when given pre emptively 10 min prior to induction of spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing LSCS. Material And Methods: In this study 90 ASAI and II patients assigned to undergo LSCS were randomly allocated to three groups of 30 each. Group P received intra.......

Keywords: Phenylephrine, Ephedrine, Spinal anaesthesia, Hypotension, LSCS

[1]. Clyburn P. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: time for re-appraisal (Editorial) Anaesthesia 2005; 60: 633-635.
[2]. Riley ET, Cohen SE, Rubenstein AJ, Flanagan B. Prevention of hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section : 6% hetastarch versus lactated Ringer's solution. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 1995; 81:838-42.
[3]. Corke BC, Datta S, Ostheinar GW et al. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. The influence of hypotension on neonatal outcome. Anaesthesia1982; 37: 658-662.
[4]. McCrae AF, Wild Smith JAW. Prevention and treatment of hypotension during central neural block. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1993; 70: 672-680.
[5]. Robert k. stoelting: Pharmacology and physiology in Anaesthetic practice. Ed by Robert k. Stoelting, Simon C. Hillier.4th edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2006; p304-306..

Abstract: Subcutaneous emphysema is a condition in which air or other gases penetrate the skin and submucosa inflicting soft-tissue distention. Iatrogenic prevalence of emphysema during endodontic procedures can be attributed to the usage of compressed air round patent root canals, complicated by way of tissue destruction due to movement of intracanalirrigants into the periapical tissues and by secondary infection. Adherence to strict root canal procedural protocols can thwart the rare though not uncommon incidences of sub cutaneous emphysema. This case report describes the development of tissue-space emphysema in a patient following root canal treatment of maxillary premolar.

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Abstract: The term adnexa is derived from the pleural form of the Latin word ―adnexus" which means"Appendage".1 The adnexa of the uterus include the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the structures of the broad ligament. Any mass arising from the ovary, fallopian tubes, or surrounding connective tissues, is defined as an adnexal mass but other pelvic masses may also clinically present as an adnexal mass( Paratubal cysts, hydrosalpinx, and other non ovarian masses are also included).2 They represent a diagnostic dilemma to the clinician because of wide variety of etiologies. The differential diagnosis of adnexal mass includes benign an malignant gynaecologic and non gynaecological etiologies (Table 1) Adnexal masses have to be further evaluated throughly as adnexal malignancy often goes undiagnosed and women usually presents with advance disease. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death...............

[1]. Padilla LA, Radosevich DM, Milad MP. Accuracy of the pelvic examination in detecting adnexal masses.Obstet Gynecol. 2000;96:593-8.
[2]. Juretzka MM. Adnexal Tumors, Assistant Professor of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University Hospital and Clinics Coauthor(s) :
[3]. Nelson Teng, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Gynecologic OncologyStanford School of Medicine Contributor Information and Disclosures Updated: Oct 16, 2008.
[4]. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures 2007. Atlanta, Ga.: American Cancer Society; 2007.
[5]. http://www.cancer.org/downloads/STT/CAFF2007PWSecured.pdf. Accessed August 3, 2009.

Abstract: Angiomyxolipoma is considered an extremely rare variant of lipoma consisting of an admixture of adipose and myxoid elements with numerous vascular structures. We Report the case of a 50 year old female presented with painless swelling over left inguinal region. The Ultrasonography revealed ill-defined, ill-marginated heterogeneous, hypoechoic lesion with area of liquefactive necrosis in it showing thick moving echoes of approxvol 18 cc adjacent to the base of the lesion. Rest of the lesion showed heterogeneous appearance with mild to moderate vascularity and multiple specks of calcification. Patient underwent large excision. The diagnosis was retained on histological findings..

[1]. Mai KT, Yazdi HM, Collins JP. Vascular myxolipoma ("angiomyxolipoma") of the spermatic cord. Am J SurgPathol 1996; 20: 1145-8.
[2]. FatenHammedi et al Report of a new case in subcutaneous tissue and review of the literature. JCRP 2013;1:17-19
[3]. Margaret Song et al Angiomyxolipoma of subcutaneous tissue. Ann Dermatol Vol. 21. No.2, 2009
[4]. Song M, Seo S, Jung D, et al. Angiomyxolipoma (vascularmyxolipoma) of subcutaneous tissue. Ann Dermatol 2009; 21: 189-92.
[5]. Martínez-Mata G, Rocío MF, Juan LE, Paes AO, Adalberto MT , Angiomyxolipoma (vascular myxolipoma) of the oral cavity. Report of a case and review of the literature, Head Neck Pathol. 2011;5(2):184-7

Abstract: Introduction: Although there is a global raise in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, the increase has been dramatic in those societies in economic transition especially in developing countries, both in urban and rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that people living with diabetes are increasing rapidly worldwide, and this has become a major public health concern. Objectives: To identify risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a rural population using the FINDRISC questionnaire..........

Keywords: diabetes, FINDRISC, obese, family history, BMI

[1]. Global Report on Diabetes, World Health Organization 2016. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1 Accessed on 23rd August 2017. [2]. Kaveeshwar SA , Jon Cornwall J, The current state of diabetes mellitus in India, Australas Med J. 2014; 7(1): 45–48.
[3]. Madaan H, Agrawal P, Garg R, Sachdeva A, Partra SK, Nair R. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural population of district Sonepat, India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014; 3(3): 261-264. [4]. JostJB.; Panda-JonasS; NangiaV; Joshi, PP.; MatinA, Diabetes Mellitus in Rural India Epidemiology,2010; 21(5):754-755
[5]. Mehta SR, Kashyap AS, Das S, Diabetes Mellitus in India: The Modern Scourge, MJAFI 2009; 65 : 50-54
[6]. Nagalingam S, Sundaramoorthy K, Arumugam B, Screening for diabetes using Indian diabetes risk score, Int J Adv Med. 2016 May;3(2):415-418

Abstract: Introduction: Heart failure is a major clinical problem in the world, and is recognized as a contributor to cardiovascular disease burden in Africa. Previous study on the pattern and prevalence of heart failure among medical admissions in Kano was carried out about a decade ago. This study determined the prevalence, pattern and mortality rate of heart failure among patients admitted in to medical wards of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital (MMSH) Kano, a tertiary hospital in North- Western Nigeria. Methods:It was a retrospective, descriptive study. The admission and discharge registers of the medical wards from January 2016 to December 2016 were reviewed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19 software..........

Keywords: Heart failure, Pattern, Mortality, Medical admissions, Kano.

[1]. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines [http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/reprint/46/6/eI].
[2]. The Task Force for the diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology: Guidelines for the treatment and diagnosis of Chronic Heart Failure: an executive summary (update 2005). Eur Heart J2005, 26: 1115 – 1140.
[3]. Damasceno A, Cotter G, Dzudie A, Silwa K, Mayosi BM. Heart failure in sub – Saharan Africa: time for action. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 688 – 693.
[4]. Toure IA, Salissou O Chapko MK. Hospitalizations in Niger for complications from arterial hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 322 – 324.
[5]. Oyoo GO, Ogola EN. Clinical and sociodemographic aspects of congestive heart failure patients in Kenyatta National Hospital. Nairobi. East Afr Med J 1999; 76: 23 – 27.

Abstract: Granulomatous diseases have plagued humans for million years, with evidence of tuberculosis infection in Egyptians mummies and description of syphilis has also been said to have been described by Hippocrates and was recognized as a veneral disease in the fifteenth century. The advent of modern pathology with improved microscopic staining techniques & communication between researches spawned this new category of granulomatous diseases in early twentieth century. Recognition of the granulomatous pattern in a biopsy specimen is important because of the limited number of possible conditions that cause it and the significance of the diagnosis associated with lesion i.e. for specific treatment and outcome of the disease.

Keywords: Grauloma, Granulomatous leions, Necrosis, Giant cells, epithelioid macrophages.

[1]. Swati Gotmare, Avinash Tamgadga, Sudhir Bhalerao, T.Pareira, Sandhya Tamgadge.,Granulomatous Diseases of oral tissues – An etiology and Histopathology: Scientific journal.,vol.1 2007.
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[3]. Harish S.Permi, Jayaprakash Shetty K.et al.,A Histopathological study of Granulomatous Indlammation NUJHS Vol.2, No.1, March2012
[4]. M.O .Udoh.,Pathogenesis and Morphology of Tuberculosis.,Benin Journal of Postgraduate Medicine:Vol.No.11 Supplemental December,2009.
[5]. Moniruddin ABM, Begum H, Nahar K., Actinomycosis : An Update: Medicine today 2010 Volume 22 number 01.

Abstract: Gallbladder cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a low survival rate. Almost all cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage beyond which surgical cure is impossible. The reason for this being that gallbladder cancer mimics or coexists with gallstone disease and is often missed. Also only 50% of gallbladder carcinoma is diagnosed intraoperatively. Early diagnosis including strict scrutiny of such symptomatic patients is essential for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of gallbladder cancer. This Case series includes a retrospective study among 5 patients in a tertiary care hospital. Carcinoma Gall Bladder was either suspected on imaging or incidentally diagnosed intra-operatively or post operatively by histopathology report of cholecystectomy specimen .4 patients underwent completion radical cholecystectomy after postoperative histopathology report, whereas the.........

[1]. Grobmyer SR, Liebberman MD, Daly JM .Gallbladder cancer in the twentieth century: single institutions experience. World J Surg. 2004;28:47.
[2]. Pandey M Shukla VK.Diet and gallbladder cancer : a case- control study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2002 ;11:365
[3]. Lowenfels AB, Walker AM , Athaus DP, et al . Gallstone growth size, and size of gallbladder cancer :an interracial study. Int J Epidemiol. 1998;18:50.

[4]. Gallbladder cancer (GBC): 10-year experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC).Duffy A, Capanu M, Abou-Alfa GK, Huitzil D, Jarnagin W, Fong Y, D'Angelica M, Dematteo RP, Blumgart LH, O'Reilly EM.J Surg Oncol. 2008 Dec 1; 98(7):485-9.

[5]. Gallbladder cancers: associated conditions, histological types, prognosis, and prevention.Cariati A, Piromalli E, Cetta F.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 May; 26(5):562-9.

Abstract: Anaesthesia and surgery induced stress response can be modulated by premedication drugs.This study was done to assess the extent of stress attenuation by using dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate premedication by analyzing perioperative variation in bloodglucose level during laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia.In a prospective blind study,90 ASA1 patients who were posted for elective laparosopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were divided into three groups .Group D patients (n =30) were given intravenous dexmedetomidine 1μgm/kg , Group M patients (n =30) received magnesium sulphate 30mgm/kg ,Group C patients (n =30) were given normal saline over a 10 min period ,before induction of anaesthesia.Hemodynamic parameters like heartrate,MAP were assessed. Anaesthesia and surgical techniques were standardized.Peroperative blood glucose values were assessed preoperatively, 30 min and 1 hour after beginning of surgery............

Keywords: α₂ receptor agonists, blood glucose,dexmedetomidine,magnesium sulphate, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, neuroendocrine stress response.

[1]. Venn RM ,Hell J,GroundsRM:Respiratory effects of dexmedetomidineinsurgical patients requiring intensive care .Crit care 4 :302 – 308 ,2000
[2]. DuleyL,HendersonSD.Magnesiumsulphate versus phenytoin for eclampsia .The Cochrane database of systemic review 2000;CD000128
[3]. Lu JF ,Nightingale LH ,Clinical pharmacokinetics 2000 April ;38 (4) :305 – 14
[4]. Gupta K,MaggoA,Jain M ,Gupta PK ,Rastogi B ,SanghaiAB.Blood glucose estimation as an indirect assessment of modulation of neuroendocrine stress response by dexmedetomidine versus fentanyl premedication during laparoscopic cholecystectomy ,A clinical study ,Anaesth Essays Res 2013 :7 ;34 – 38
[5]. Paul S ,Biswas P ,Bhattacharjee DP ,Sengupta J .Effects of magnesium sulphate on hemodynamic responses to co2 pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Anaesth Essays Res 2013 :7;223 – 231

Abstract: The main objective of the study is to assess and compare the three superimposition methods (Ricketts, Pancherz and Centrographic analysis) and to evaluate the validity of the most reliable and reproducible technique and statistically compare the centrographic analysis with the other two methods to ascertain its relative accuracy. Pre and post treatment lateral cephalograms of thirty non-growing patients with class I malocclusion and first premolar extraction who had been treated successfully with the pre adjusted edgewise appliance were obtained. Pre and post treatment hard and soft tissue measurements were assessed by superimposing the lateral cephalograms on a grid by using Ricketts, Pancherz and Centrographic analysis.The results showed that all the three...........

Keywords: Centrographic analysis, Cephalometric analysis, Superimposition

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[2]. Yan Gu, James A. McNamara Jr. Cephalometric Superimpositions. A Comparison of Anatomical and Metallic Implant Methods. Angle Orthod. 2008; 78: 967-976.
[3]. Leonard S. Fishman. Individualized evaluation of facial form. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1997; 111: 510-7
[4]. Pancherz H. The mechanism of Class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. Am J Orthod 1982; 82:104-13.
[5]. Allison H. Cook. The variability and reliability of two maxillary and mandibular superimposition techniques. Part II. Am J Orthod Dento fac Orthop 1994;106:463-71

Abstract: Introduction: Acute eosinophilic appendicitis (AEA) is a rare type of appendicitis where the inflamed appendix infiltrates by eosinophil rather than neutrophil in the mascularis propria accompanied by edema. Acute eosinophilic appendicitis similar to the classical appendicitis in symptoms.The diagnosis of AEA cannot be made before surgery and the histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Purpose: To find out the incidence of AEA in reported cases. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried over a period of 12 months from January 2016 to December 2016 to find out the incidence of AEA in appendicectomy specimens received in the department of Pathology, S.P. Medical College, Bikaner,Rajasthan.........

Keywords: Eosinophilic appendicitis, edematous, histolopathological examination

[1]. Aravindan, KP; Vijayaraghavan, Deepthy; Manipadam, MarieTherese (1 January 2010). "Acute eosinophilic appendicitis and the significance of eosinophil - Edema lesion". Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 53 (2): 258.
[2]. Aravindan, KP (1997 Oct). "Eosinophils in acute appendicitis: possible significance.". Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology 40 (4): 491–8.
[3]. Stemmerman GN. Eosinophilic granuloma of the appendix: a study of its relation to Strongyloides infestation. Am J Clin Pathol 1961; 36:524.
[4]. Carr NJ. The pathology of acute appendicitis. Ann Diagn Pathol 2000;4: 46-58.
[5]. Gaurav Jain & Sujata R Kanetkar. Eosinophilic appendicitis: Case report of five cases & review of literature. Journal of medical research and practice 2013; 2(8):208-211.

Abstract: Siddha system of medicine has its own diagnostic techniques to clench the diagnosis and assess prognosis of the disease. This study was aimed to determine the usefulness of Neerkkuri and Neikkuri that is one of the eight fold diagnostic tools used in the diagnosis and /or prognosis of Uthiravathasuronitham (UVS) inpatients. Clinical study was conducted by selecting forty cases of UVS and ten normal subjects as control. In this study many patients had coin shaped Neikkuri that is a manifestation of kabam-pitham involvement;Kabapithablend of humouris consideredafavorable prognostic factor..

Keywords: Siddha, Eightfold diagnostic technique, Uthiravatha Suronitham, Neerkkuri, Neikkuri

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