iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2017

Abstract: Background: Port-site infection (PSI) is a prevailing, chronic, nagging, treatment refractory complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomies. It neutralizes the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and increases morbidity, treatment cost of patient, leading to loss of confidence on operating surgeon, patients and common people. PSIs are preventable with appropriate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative measures. Not only Atypical Mycobacterium but also a lot of non-mycobacterial pathogens are associated with nonhealing postlaparoscopic wound infections, causing outbreaks or sporadic cases worldwide. Aim: In our retrospectively studied we tried to isolate the microorganisms from the port site wounds, their magnitude, planning for adequate management and to recommend the measures to prevent them in future in our tertiary health care centre in a rural setup...........

Keywords –Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Atypical Mycobacteria, port site infection (PSI)

[1]. Karthik S, Augustine AJ, Shibumon MM, Pai MV. Analysis of laparoscopic port site complications: A descriptive study. J Minim Access Surg2013;9:59-64.
[2]. Sasmal PK, Mishra TS, Rath S, Meher S, Mohapatra D. Port site infection in laparoscopic surgery: A review of its management. World J Clin Cases 2015;3:864-71.
[3]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Manual: Patient Safety Component. Atlanta, GA: Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections Diseases. p. 9-6. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/9pscssicurrent.pdf. [Last accessed on 2017 Jan 05].
[4]. Bonjer HJ, Hazebroek EJ, Kazemier G, Giuffrida MC, Meijer WS, Lange JF. Open versus closed establishment of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic surgery.Br J Surg. 1997;84(5):599-602.
[5]. Mir I.S, Ahmad M, Ahad B. Establishing pneumoperitoneum safely for laparoscopic surgeries. JK-Practitioner 2005;12(4):224- 2267..

Abstract: Acute pancreatitis being one of the diseases with varied prognosis due to its varied severity, poses a great difficulty in diagnosis and appropriate management. There are no test and scoring systems that hold significance in the initial 24 hours of the onset of the disease which could indicate the prognosis of the disease. So our study involves using SIRS scoring and IL-6 as prognostic indicators in severe acute pancreatitis. Methods: SIRS scoring system and serum concentration of IL -6 was evaluated for 30 patients with diagnosis of acute pancreatitis at time of admission.These 30 patients were divided into 2 groups- mild and severe pancreatitis depending on presence of organ failure and/or local complications such as necrosis, abscess or pseudocyst. Correlation between sirs score and IL-6 levels and its role in predicting severity of pancreatitis was evaluated..............

Key words:Acute Pancreatitis, SIRS, IL-6,

[1]. Mitchell RM, Byrne MF, Baillie J. Pancreatitis. Lancet 2003; 361:1447- 1455
[2]. M. Lempinen, P. Puolakkainen, E. Kemppainen, "clinical value of severity markers in acute | Pancreatitis." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 94: 118–123, 2005
[3]. Kusske AM, Rongiene AJ, Reber HA. Cytokines and cute pancreatits, a review. Am J Gastroenterology 1982;77:633-8
[4]. Dinarello CA. Biologic basis for IL-1 in disease Blood 1996; 87:2095
[5]. Heath DI, Cruikshank A, Gudgeron M, et al, Role of interleukin 6 in mediation the acute phase protein response and potential as an early means of severity assessment in acute pancreatitis. Gut 1993;34:41-5..

Abstract: The thyroid gland is an endocrine organ, normally impalpable and its main function is regulation of basal metabolic rate. It stimulates somatic and psychic growth. Diseases of thyroid gland especially multinodular goiter is prevalent in India. Our prospective study planned to calculate the incidence of thyrotoxicosis and malignancy in multinodulargoitre in central Tamilnadu population, and the results tabulated which shows a significant risk of malignancy in MNG.

[1]. Gandolfi PP et al, The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in multinodulargoitre: retrospective analysis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15481700 Actabiomed.2004 Avg;75(2):114-7
[2]. Cercic et al, Thyroid cancer in toxic and non toxicmultinodulargoitre. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17699987 JPostgrad Med2007 Jul-Sep;53(3):157-60
[3]. Benzarti S et al , Thyroid surgery : the risks and complaints Rev laryngeal otolRhinol (Board)2002;123(1):33-37
[4]. Prades JM et al, Multinodulargoitre : surgical management and histopathological findings , Eur Arch Otolaryngeal 2002;259:217-21

[5]. Koh KB et al, Carcinoma in multinodulargoitre , Br J Surg 1992;79(3): 266-67

Abstract: Objective – This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of N-Acetyl cystein, metformin and vitamin D3 with calcium on reproductive hormones in PCOS . Material And Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology ,Motilal Nehru medical college, Allahabad ,in 66 women of reproductive age group. The diagnosis of PCOS was made if the patients had two out of three Rotterdam criteria. Result: After 3 months of treatment, s. total testosterone and s.LH/FSH ratio decreased significantly in all the three groups (p=0.0001). The difference in mean value of s. testosterone between three groups before treatment was statistically insignificant (p=0.2254). However post treatment, significant difference between the groups was observed (p=0.0). The difference in mean value.......

Keywords: PCOS, n-acetyl cystein, metformin,vitamin D3, S.Testosterone, S.FSH/LH, S.SHBG

[1]. Leon speroff, Marc A. Fritz,"Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology & Infertility" Eight edition 2015; 501-3
[2]. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term healthrisks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril.2004;81(1):19–25.
[3]. Rosenfield RL, Barnes RB, Cara JF, et al dysregulation of cyt P450-17α as the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Fertil Steril1990;53:785-791.
[4]. Soltan-Sharifi MS, Mojtahedzadeh M, Najafi A, et al. Improvement by N-acetylcysteine of acute respiratory distress syndrome through increasing intracellular glutathione, and extracellular thiol molecules and anti-oxidant power: evidence for underlying toxicological mechanisms. Hum ExpToxicol. 2007;26(9):697–703
[5]. Fulghesu AM, Ciampelli M, Muzj G, Belosi C, Selvaggi L, Ayala GF, etal.N-acetyl-cysteine treatment improves insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002;77(6):1128–35

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the role of Omega 3- fatty acids in patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction. Methods: A Prospective, interventional , placebo controlled, randomized study was done at Department of Ophthalmology, Rajindra Hospital , Patiala. Fifty (50) patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction fulfilling the inclusion criteria excluding the exclusion criteria were randomized into two groups – Group A and Group B containing 25 patients each. Group A patients treatment included cleaning the lid margins with neutral baby shampoo and use of artificial tears without preservatives, plus oral supplementation with one capsule (500 mg) two times a day containing 325mg EPA and 175mg DHA for 3 months. Group B patients treatment included cleaning the lid margins with neutral baby shampoo and use of artificial tears without preservatives, plus a placebo oral agent. for 3 months. Patients were followed in............

Keywords: Meibomian gland dysfunction, Omega 3 fatty acids.

[1]. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop (2007). 2007;5(2):75-92.
[2]. Gumus K, Crockett CH, Rao K, Yeu E, Weikert MP, Shirayama M, Hada S, Pflugfelder SC. Noninvasive assessment of tear stability with the tear stability analysis system in tear dysfunction patients. 2011;52(1):456-461.
[3]. Versura P, Profazio V, Campos EC. Performance of tear osmolarity compared to previous diagnostic tests for dry eye diseases. 2010;35(7);553-564.
[4]. Knop E, Knop N, Millar T, et al. The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: report of the Subcommittee on Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of the Meibomian Gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:1938–78
[5]. Nichols KK, Foulks GN, Bron AJ, et al. The International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Executive Summary. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:1922–9...

Abstract: Background: In pregnancy the demand for iron is increased to meet the needs of the expanding red cells mass and requirements of the developing foetus and placenta. Current knowledge indicates that iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is a risk factor for preterm delivery and subsequent low birth weight and possibly for inferior neonatal health. Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Obstretics and Gynaecology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur State from February 2014 to January 2016. Hundred pregnant women in their last trimester, irrespective of parity,and whose Hb level is below 11.0 gm/dl attending antenatal OPD/admitted in antenatal ward during the period were included for..........

Keywords: Iron deficiency, anaemia, pregnancy,foetal, birth weight

[1]. K Singh, YF Fong, S Arulkumaran, Anaemia in pregnancy-a cross sectional study in Singapore, Eur J Clin Nutr, 52(1), 1998, 65-70.
[2]. R Alli and M Satyanarayan, Anaemia complicating pregnancy, Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India, 38(2), 1985, 335-338.
[3]. P Agarwal, B Chaturbedi, Clinical study of foetomaternal outcome in pregnant anaemic patients, Obs & Gynae Today, 9(7), 2004, 426-428.
[4]. BF Casanova , MD Samuel , and GA Macones, Development of a clinical prediction rule for iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 193(2), 2005, 460-466.
[5]. R Hassan,WZ Abdullah, and HN Hussain, Anaemia and iron status of Malay women attending an antenatal clinic in Malaysia, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 36(5), 2005, 1304-1307...

Abstract: Background and Aims: Spinal anaesthesia is associated with various haemodynamic changes due to sympathetic blockade. Various surgical positions also affects haemodynamics, lithotomy position increases the systolic arterial pressure from the sub extremities with the effect of auto transfusion. Study was designed to compare haemodynamic changes in supine and lithotomy position during spinal anaesthesia, also to compare pharmacological effect and side effect of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in subarachnoid block as secondary outcome variables Material & Methods: Prospective randomized study includes a total of 120 ASA I-II patients who underwent elective haemorrhoidectomy, fissurectomy, TURP and hernia repair. Patients randomly assigned in four groups- Group B (Supine),Group...........

Keyords: Supine, lithotomy, bupivacaine, ropivacaine, dextrose, autotransfusion

[1]. David L Brown. Spinal, epidural and caudal anaesthesia. In: Anesthesia 5th ed. Ronald D Miller, editor. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2000: p. 1496-506
[2]. Greene NM, Brull SJ. The cardiovascular system. In: GreeneNM, Brull SJ, eds. Physiology of Spinal Anaesthesia, 4th Edn. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1993; 85-177
[3]. Shimosato S., Elster B. E. The role of venous system in cardiocirculatory dynamics during spinal and epidural anaesthesia in man. Anesthesiology, 1969; 30: 619-28 [4]. Miyabe M., Sonoda H., Namiki A. The effect of lithotomy position on arterial blood pressure after spinal anesthesia. Anesthesia & Analgesia. 1995;81(1):96–98. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199507000-00019.[PubMed] [Cross Ref] [5]. Greene NM. Physiology of spinal anesthesia. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1981...

Abstract: This study was conducted to know the changes in the ETCO2 values with different baseline value & to obtain a safe value prior to insufflation so that the normocarbia is maintained throughout the procedure. It was conducted on 60 patients divided into 3 groups. The control having the baseline group value of 31 - 35 mmHg & the study groups one with slight hypocarbia 25-30 mmHg being achieved prior to insufflation & the other with the baseline value of 36 - 40 mmHg were compared with the control group. The study included only ASA I patients & were subjected to any of the following laparoscopic surgeries - laparoscopic cholecystectomy, laparoscopic mesh repair of incisional hernias & laparoscopic gynecological surgeries. Standard anesthesia technique was chosen............

Keywords-:End-Tidal CO2 tension, Hypercarbia ,Insufflation, Laparoscopy,Pneumoperitoneum

[1]. P L Tan, T L Lee, W A Tweed : CO2 absorption and gas exchange during pelvic laparoscopy : Anesthesiology 1992. 39, 677 - 81.
[2]. Wittgen C M, Andren C H : Analysis of hemodynamic and ventilatory effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy : Arch Surg 1991; 126, 997 - 1000.
[3]. Liu S Y, Leighton T : Prospective analysis of cardiopulmonary responses to laparoscopic cholecystectomy : J Laparoendosco Surgery 1991; 5, 241 - 6.
[4]. Jean L Doris, Dides P Noixot, L Lany: Hemodynamic changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy : Anesth Analg 1993; 76, 1067 - 71.
[5]. Michael Diamant, Benumof .L : Hemodynamics of increased intraabdominal pressure : Anesthesiology 1978: 48, 23 -27.

Abstract: The present study is conducted to assess the applicability of age old Galstaun's data to determine age from closure of secondary centers of ossification in Bengali population. Radiographs of elbow & wrist joints are taken from adolescent females of known age of 9 up to 18 years attending three Medical Colleges of West Bengal. Results are compared with Galstaun's chart to note a trend of early epiphyseal union, if any. Early fusion is observed in 8% to 13.5% cases with respect to different ossification centers of elbow & wrist. Reasons for this trend may be attributed to early onset of menarche and improved nutritional status to some extent.

Keywords: epiphyseal fusion, female, wrist & elbow joints.

[1]. Galstaun G., A study of ossification as observed in Indian subjects. Ind. J. Med. 25 (1937), 267–324
[2]. Krogman WM, Iscan, MY. The human skeleton in Forensic Medicine, Charles C.Thomas Publisher, Illinois, USA. II Edition, 1986.
[3]. Jeffcoates Principles of Gynaecology, 5th Edition 1996, V.R. Tindall (editor)Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, p.81.

Abstract: Aim : The aim of this study is to compare the antimicrobial efficiency of chlorhexidine and cacao bean husk extract mouth rinses in children. Material And Methods: This study comprise of 210 children aged 10-14 year old were examined. 50 children were selected by using simple random sampling for the study. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group-a subjected to 10 ml of 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouth rinse. Group-b subjected to 10 ml of 0.1% cacao bean extract (CBHE) mouth rinse. The samples were collected from the subjects on day one (pre-rinse, post rinse) and after 15 days. Data was statistically analysed to compare the efficacy of chlorhexidine and cacao bean husk mouth rinse..........

Keywords: Cacao bean extract, mutans streptococci, chlorhexidine

[1]. George philip, dayakarmm, vijayalakshmidivater, shivprasad.emerging concepts in oral chemical plaquecontrol – an overview. International journal of dental clinics .2012 volume 4 issue 2.

[2]. Philip d. Marsh. dental plaque as a biofilm: the significance of ph in health and caries.Compendcontineduc dent.2009 mar;30(2):76-8, 80, 83-7; quiz 88, 90.

[3]. Aaron R. Biesbrock, MS Robert D. Bartizek, MS Robert W. Gerlach. Oral Hygiene Regimens, Plaque Control, and Gingival Health: A Two-Month Clinical Trial with Antimicrobial Agents.The Journal of Clinical Dentistry.2007;18(4):101-5Vol. XVIII No.4.

[4]. Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza's clinical periodontology: Saunders; 2011.

[5]. Srikanth r. K.a, shashikiran n. D.b, subbareddy v. V, chocolate mouth rinse: effect on plaque accumulation and mutans streptococci counts when used by children. J indiansocpedod prevent dent - june 2008.. .

Abstract: Antibodies to Hepatitis B surface antigen (Anti HBs) are protective antibodies against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Health care persons are vulnerable to laboratory acquired infections as they handle infectious clinical specimens. HBV is highly infectious and atleast 85 – 90% of HBV associated deaths are vaccine preventable. The present study was aimed to determine the anti HBs levels in health care persons working in clinical laboratory including Microbiology, Biochemistry and Pathology at a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad. The material included blood samples collected from 80 health care persons of clinical laboratory after taking informed consent and relevant history. Rapid card..........

Keywords: Anti HBs levels, Health care persons, Vaccination, Protective antibody

[1]. Joshi N, Kumar A, Sreenivas DV, Palan S, Nagarjuna Kumar YR. Safety and immunogenicity of indigenous recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Shanvac-B) in comparison with commercially available vaccine. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2000; 19(2): 71-3. PMID: 10812819
[2]. Manisha Dwivedi, Sri Prakash Misra, VatsalaMisra, Arvind Pandey, Sanjay Pant, Rita Singh & Manju Verma. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B infection during pregnancy and risk of perinatal transmission. Indian J Gastroenterol, 2011; 30 (2): 66–71
[3]. Hepatitis Viruses. In Ananthanarayan&Panicker‟s Text Book of Microbiology. 9th Ed, Universities Press, 2013; 542 – 548.
[4]. Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011 Nov 25; 60 (RR-7): 1-45
[5]. Kamaljit Singh, Laboratory-Acquired Infections. Healthcare Epidemiology 2009; 49: 142-147

Abstract: Surgery for infiltrative gliomas aims to balance tumor removal with preservation of functional integrity. Awake craniotomy with intraoperative electrical mapping is a reliable method to minimize the risk of permanent deficit during surgery for low-grade gliomas located within eloquent areas classically considered inoperable. However, it could be argued that preservation of functional sites might lead to a lesser degree of tumor removal. We report our first experience concerning series of patients who underwent awake mapping. Twenty patients underwent surgery for a low-grade glioma in functional sites under local anesthesia in the awake condition with intraoperative electrostimulation.........

Keywords: awake surgery, direct electrical stimulation, functional brain mapping, low grade gliomas

[1]. Abeloos L, Brotchi J, De Witte O. Management of low-grade glioma: a retrospective study concerning 201 patients [in French]. Neurochirurgie. 2007;53(4):277-283
[2]. Bello L, Gallucci M, Fava M, et al. Intraoperative subcortical language tract mapping guides surgical removal of gliomas involving speech areas. Neurosurgery.2007;60(1):67-82
[3]. Benzagmout M, Gatignol P, Duffau H. Resection of World Health Organizationgrade II gliomas involving Broca's area: methodological and functional considerations.
[4]. Chaichana KL, McGirt MJ, Laterra J, Olivi A, Quiñones-Hinojosa A: Recurrence and malignant degeneration after resection of adult hemispheric low-grade gliomas. Clinical article J Neurosurg 112:10–17, 2010
[5]. Duffau, H.(2005).Lessons from brain mapping in surgery for low-grade glioma:insights into associations between tumour and brain plasticity. Lancet Neurol. 4,476–486..

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Discrepancies in blood typing are one of the major reasons in causing transfusion reaction. These discrepancies can be avoided through detailed analysis for the blood typing. Although monoclonal antibodies recognizing and agglutinating most weak subgroups exist, the risk for mistyping (eg, Ax donors as blood group O) remains when using commercially available routine reagents. ABO genotyping is a valuable complement to serology for correct determination of donor and patient ABO blood group status Materials and methods In this study, we describe a family with six members carrying a A weak allele through three generations. Blood samples were analyzed by using commercial antisera for blood grouping. The results of forward (known antisera) and reverse (known antigen) reaction were not complimentary. DNA extractions from all six family members were collected after serological ABO blood group typing. On these samples, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct sequencing of exon 7 and allele separation were performed for ABO gene analysis..........

Keywords: blood group, genotype, phenotype, ABO gene

[1]. Xhetani M, Seferi I, Férec C, Zoraqi G, Fichou Y. Distribution of Rhesus blood group antigens and weak D alleles in the population of Albania. Blood Transfusion. 2014;12(4):565-569.

[2]. Daniels G. Human Blood Groups, Second ed. 2002, Blackwell Science.

[3]. Yamamoto F , Clausen H , White T , Marken J , Hakomori S . Molecular genetic basis of the histo-blood group ABO system. Nature. 1990;345:229–33. [PubMed]

[4]. Fichou, Y., Hennion, M., Dupont, I., Jamet, D., Le Maréchal, C. and Férec, C. Identification of novel variant A alleles within the ABO gene. Transfusion, 2016; 56: 1244–1246.
[5]. Yamamoto F, Marken J, Tsuji T, et al. Cloning and characterization of DNA complementary to human UDP-GalNAc: Fuc alpha 1--2Gal alpha 1----3GalNAc transferase (histo-blood group A transferase) mRNA. J Biol Chem 1990;265:1146-51...

Abstract: Background: Cervical ripening is an essential pre requisite for surgical evacuation in missed miscarriages. This requires an agent that can ripen the cervix effectively with minimal adverse effects. Patients & Methods: In this three group randomised controlled trial we have compared group M (misoprostol 400μg), group – I (40mg Isosorbide mono nitrate – ISMN) and group – C (combination of misoprostol 400μg and 40mg ISMN). All patients were administered the drug at zero hour and were assessed for desired dilatation which was taken as easy negotiation of a Hegar dilator – 10 (HD-10). They were assessed every 3 hours and those with ripened cervix were taken for surgical evacuation. Those who didn't meet the end point were again administered the drug/s. Intra-operative blood loss and procedural time were noted. Adverse effects were recorded.........

Keywords: Misoprostol, Isosorbide mono nitrate, first trimester, cervical priming, cervix ripening, missed miscarriage.

[1]. Amatunnafe Naseha, Mohammed Ismail Khan, Asna Yasmeen. Synergistic Effect of Isosorbide Mono Nitrate And Misoprostol for Pre-Operative Cervical Ripening in First Trimester Missed Misscariages: A Randomised Controlled Trial. GJRA. 2017;6(10): 460 – 464.
[2]. MacKenzie IZ, Fry A. Prostaglandin E2 pessaries to facilitate first trimester aspiration termination. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1981;88:1033-1037.
[3]. Schulz KF, Grimes DA, Cates W. Measures to Prevent Cervical Injury during Suction Curettage abortion. Lancet. 1983:1(8335):1182-1185
[4]. Amatunnafe Naseha1, Mohammed Ismail Khan. A Comparative Assessment of Misoprostol and Isosorbide Mononitrate as Cervical Ripening Agents for Surgical Evacuation in First Trimester Missed Miscarriages: A
[5]. Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Inventions. 2017;4(5): 2894-2900..

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of ESBLs produced by E.coli and K.pneumoniae from urinary isolates. Material And Method: Urinary isolates of patients in Rama Medical College, Kanpur (U.P), India from November 2015 to December 2016. ESBLs were determine by disk diffusion test , double disk diffusion test, Etesta d Vitek 2 ESBLs .All ESBLs producing isolates were investigated for the presence of bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Total of 341 isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary isolates were processed. 207 were E. coli and 134 were K.........

Keywords: Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL), E-Test, bla(TEM) bla(CTX-M-like) and bla(SHV)

[1]. Sharma J, Sharma M, Ray P. Detection of TEM and SHV genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a tertiary
care hospital from India. Indian J Med Res 2010;132:332‑6.
[2]. Naseer U, Sundsfjord A. The CTX‑M conundrum: Dissemination of plasmids and Escherichia coli clones. Microb Drug Resist
2011;17:83‑97.
[3]. Shahid M, Singh A, Sobia F, Rashid M, Malik A, Shukla I, et al. Bla (CTX‑M), bla (TEM), and bla (SHV) in Enterobacteriaceae
from North‑Indian tertiary hospital: High occurrence of combination genes. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2011;4:101‑5.
[4]. Lal, P., Kapil, A., Das, B.K., Sood, S. 2007. Occurrence of TEM and SHV gene in extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)
producing Klebsiella sp. isolated from a tertiary care hospital. Indian J. Med. Res., 125:173-8.
[5]. El-Fiky, S., Elgandour, A., Harfoush, R., 2007. Phenotypic and Molecular Detection of TEM and SHV beta-lactamases produced by
organisms of the family Enterobactericeae; Study on blood culture clinical isolates from intensive care unit. Egyptian J. Med.
Microbiol., 16(2): 211-221.

Abstract: Moringa oleifera has become a very popular plant due to its widely acclaimed nutritional and phytomedicinal values. The leaves, seed, pods and flowers are consumed and used as ingredients and spices, while concoctions are also made from them. The leaves and flowers may also be consumed as vegetables. There are however, concerns about the effects of the various parts of the plant on fertility and reproduction. This aspect of the effects of Moringa oleifera phytochemistry has not been elaborately explored. There are findings that point to the possibility of antifertility effects of some of its parts. This research investigated the effects of the leaf, seed, flower, stem bark and root on reproductive functions of experimental animals. These are the parts of the plants that are typically used and consumed. In order to model human consumption of the plant parts; food formulas were prepared with the plant parts. Animals were divided into eleven groups labeled Groups 1-11. Groups 1 and 2 were given the high and low........

Keywords: Fertility, Reproduction, Moringa, Leaf, Flower, Bark, Seed, Root

[1]. Akunna, G. G.; Ogunmodede, O. S.; Saalu, C. L.; Ogunlade, B.; Bello, A. J. and Salawu, E. O. (2012). Ameliorative Effect of
Moringa oleifera (drumstick) Leaf Extracts on Chromium-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Rat Testes. World Journal of Life Sciences
and Medical Research, 2: 20-26.
[2]. Dafalla, M.M., Hassan, A.W., Idris, O.F. and Abdoun, S. (2015). Effect of ethanol extract of Moringa Oleifera leaves on ferti lity
hormone and sperm motility of male albino rats. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1): 1-11.
[3]. Gauthaman, K. and Adaikan, P. G. (2008). The hormonal effect of Tribulus Terrestris and role its role in the management of erectile
dysfunction- an evaluation using primates rabbit and rats. Phytomedicine, 15(1): 44-54
[4]. Kujo, S. (2004). Vitamin C: basic metabolism and its function as an index of oxidative stress. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11:
1041-1064.
[5]. Lilibeth, A. C. and Glorina, L. P. (2010). Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) on the reproduction of male mice (Mus
musculus). J. Med. Plant. Res., 4: 1115-1121..

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of MR spectroscopy (MRS) in grading of brain tumors as well to evaluate which metabolite values/ratios could provide better classification/grading of brain tumors when using, short or long TE. Methods: MRS was performed in 128 patients with brain tumors. Metabolite NAA,Cho,Cr lactates and lipids and metabolite ratios of Choline (Cho)/N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Cho/Creatine (Cr), /NAA/ Cr were calculated at short and long echo time (TEs). Tumors were subdivided into grades on the basis of radiologist results and the standard WHO values. Characteristic analysis of metabolites was performed to find the values in each tumor. The correlations between the metabolite values and grading were calculated. Long TE as (1500/144ms) where the signal from most metabolites in the brain........

Keywords: Brain Tumors, MRS, MRI, Gliomas

[1]. Magalhaes A, Godfrey W, Shen Y, et al.. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain tumors correlated With pathology.Acad Radiol 2005;12:51–7.
[2]. Herminghuas S, Dierks T, Pilatus U, et al.. Determination of histopathological tumor grade in neuroepithelial brain tumors by using spectral pattern analysis of in vivo spectroscopic data. J. Neurosurg 2003;98:74–81.
[3]. Lau DW, Klein NC, Cunha BA. Brain abscess mimicking brain tumor. Heart Lung 1989;18:634–637
[4]. Mamelak AN, Mampalam TJ, Obana WG, Rosenblum ML. Improved management of multiple brain abscesses: a combined surgical and medical approach. Neurosurgery 1995;36:76–85
[5]. Demaerel P, Van Hecke P, Van Oostende S, et al. Bacterial metabolism shown by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Lancet
1994;344:1234–1235..

Abstract: Background: Administration of general anaesthesia involves direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation which leads to various physiological stress responses which in turn increases blood pressure and heart rate. These pressor responses may lead to complications in elderly patients and patients with severe systemic diseases. Hence a premedication agent is advocated which can suppress such pressor responses. In this study we compared effect of labetalol and combination of gabapentin-labetalol with a placebo group for attenuation of pressor responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods: 90 patients belonging to ASA class I and II.........

Keywords: Laryngoscopy, Intubation, Gabapentin, Labetalol, Pressor response

[1]. Pyrs-Roberts C and Greane LT. Studies of anaesthesia in relation to hypertension, haemodynamic consequences of induction and
endotracheal intubation.Br J Anaesthesia 1971:43:531-46.
[2]. Fassoulaki A, Kanaiaris. Intranasal administration of nitroglycerine attenuates the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation of trachea. Bri J Anaesth 1983;55:49-52.
[3]. Vucevic M, Purdy GM, Eilis FR. Esmolol hydrochloride for management of cardiovascular stress response to laryngoscopy and
tracheal intubation. Bri J Anaesth 1992;68:529-30.
[4]. Korpinen R, Saarnivaara L,Siren K et al. Modification of hemodynamic response to induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation
with alfentanil, esmolol and there combination. Can J Anaesthesia1985;55;652-56
[5]. Mc Atamney D, O'Hare R,Hughes D et al. Evaluation of remifentanil for control of hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation.
Anaesthesia 1998; 53:1123-27..