iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2018

Abstract: Introduction :- Hanging and ligature strangulation are the two forms of violent mechanical asphyxia in which ligature marks are found. Hanging is mostly suicidal while strangulation is mainly homicidal; hence differentiation between the two is necessary. Material and Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, during a period of one year ranging from 1st November 2016 to 31st October 2017. Results: During this period, a total of 2981 cases of medico-legal autopsy were conducted, out of which 180 cases were having ligature marks (6.04%). There were 163 cases of hanging (5.47% of total 2981 cases) and 17 cases of strangulation (0.57% of total.........

Keywords - Hanging, ligature mark, oblique, strangulation, transverse

[1] Kannan K, Modi's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, (2016); 25th edition. Lexis Nexis, Reed Elsevier India. Gurgaon, Haryana. DEATHS FROM ASPHYXIA .pp 475.
[2] Nandy Apurba, Principles of FORENSIC MEDICINE including Toxicology (2010), 3rd edition, revised reprint 2014, NCBA Kolkata, VIOLENT ASPHYXIAL DEATHS, pp 529.
[3] Kannan K, Modi's Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology, (2016); 25th edition. Lexis Nexis, Reed Elsevier India. Gurgaon, Haryana. DEATHS FROM ASPHYXIA .pp 493.
[4] Simpson K. Simpson's Forensic Medicine, (1997); 11th ed. by Knight B.,p.92-94
[5] Knight B. Forensic Pathology, Arnold Publication, (1996) 2nd ed. P.361-389..

Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate the outcome of spousal kidney transplants MATERIALS & METHODS Retrospective analysis of data from spousal kidney transplantation(Tx) done between Sep 2008- Nov 2010 in the Department of Nephrology, Madras Medical College.We got approval from Hospital ethical committee.We compared the data with live related ( non spousal) transplantation of our department. The patient and graft survival were calculated with Kaplan–Meier analysis. Death of recipient due to any cause was counted as graft loss. Determinants analyzed -Donor age, Donor-recipient age difference, DonorGFR, Ischemiatime, Immunosuppressive protocols, incidence of acute rejection episodes & effect of early acute rejection episodes on graft function.......

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Abstract: Introduction:Triple negative breast cancers(TNBC)are defined as tumors that are negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors as assessed by immunohistochemistry(IHC) combined with lack of overexpression of HER2 when tested by IHC or absence of its gene amplification when tested byflouorescence in situ hybridisation technique.They are associated with poor prognosis.Triple negative breast cancers have an aggressive behaviour and wide metastasis.Aim:The aim was to study the clinicopathological features of TNBCs and compare them with nonTNBCstumors.Materials and methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 116 cases of breast carcinoma received during the period of 3years.The tumor was classified based on immunohistochemical staining in to three subtypes.The clinicaldetails..............

Key words-Breast carcinoma,TNBC,IHC

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[2]. Baadve.Dabbs DJ,SchnittSJ.Basal like and triple negative breast cancers.A critical review with an emphasis on the implications for pathologists and oncologists.Modpathol 2011;24:157-67
[3]. Sorlie T,PerouCM,TibshiraniR,AasT,GeislerS,Johnsen H et al.Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications.ProcNatiAcad Sci USA 2001,98:10869-10874.
[4]. Paiker JS,MullinsM,CheangMC,leungS,Voduc D et al.Supervised risk predictor of breast cancer based on intrinsic subtypes.J Clin Oncol 2009.27:1160-1167.doi 10.1200/JCO 2008.18.1370.
[5]. Ishikawa Y,HariguchiJ.ToyaH.NakajimaH,HayashiM.Histological subtypes and immunohistochemical and clinicopathological features.Cancer Scl.2011;102(3):656-62...

Abstract: AIM To introduce a new "Stamp" technique for placing a large composite restorations in class I cavity with buccal extension. METHODS AND MATERIALS Newer methods are developed with an intention to overcome the precedious problems and to reduce the time required. Stamp technique is a novel method which helps in mimicking the original and natural occlusal topography of the teeth using composite restorations where the preoperative anatomy of the teeth is intact and not destroyed due to caries. Here, an occlusal matrix is fabricated from an unhindered occlusal surface of tooth with an intention to reproduce a precise tooth like restoration. Thus helps in obtaining the original contact and contour of the tooth...........

Key words:Stamp technique, Composite resin, Class I restoration with buccal extension, Occlusal topography

[1]. Alexey Murrashkin. Direct posterior composite restorations using stamp technique-conventional and modified: A case series. IJDR 2017; 2:3-7.
[2]. Diley DC, Vann WF Jr., Oldenburg TR, Crisp RM. Time required for placement of composite versus amalgam restorations. ASDC J Dent Child 1990; 57:177-83.
[3]. Geena Mary, Ambily Jayadevan. Microbrush stamp technique to achieve occlusal topography for composite resin restorations- A Technical Report. Journal of Scientific Dentistry 2016; 6:76-82.
[4]. Jose Guilherme Ferrer Pompeu, Rhoana Coelho Morais. Occlusal stamp technique for direct resin composite restoration: A Clinical Case Report. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 2016; 7:12427-30.
[5]. Gary Alex. The use of resin modified glass ionomer liners under composite resins: should they be used to help control microleakage? Inside Dentistry 2005 1...

Abstract: Pain is a subjective experience, it occurs only in consciousness, in the mind. Analgesics are the drugs which possess significant pain relieving properties by acting in the CNS or on peripheral pain receptors without significantly affecting consciousness. Among Opioid's and NSAIDs, NSAIDs became mostly used analgesic agents act by inhibition of COX enzyme, but also associated with side effects like stomach upset, nausea, vomiting and heartburn. In the Indian journal of physical medicine and research (IJPMR), NSAID drug Lornoxicam – is a nonselective COX inhibitor which is associated with less gastrointestinal complications but possess effective analgesic activity. Materials...........

Key words: Analgesic Effect, Lornoxicam, Etoricoxib, Digital Analgesiometer

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[3]. Vanderah TW. "Pathophysiology of pain"Medical clinics of North America., 2007; 91 (1): 1–12.
[4]. Byrav PDS, Medhi B, Prakash A, Patyar S, Wadhwa S, Lornoxicam: a Newer NSAID, IJPMR 2009; 20 (1): 27-31.
[5]. Matsumoto AK, Cavanaugh PFJ: Etoricoxib, Drug today (Barc) 2004; 4:395-414...

Abstract: Introduction: Within the concept of pre-emptive analgesia it is believed that suppressing the painful stimulus by giving analgesia before the stimulus will decrease the post-operative analgesic requirements. Paracetamol has a good safety profile and easily crosses the blood brain barrier and thus is an effective analgesic. In this study, craniotomy patients were given intravenous (iv) paracetamol 15 mg/kg body weight preoperatively and intraoperatively to assess its postoperative analgesic effects. Materials and methods: 102 patients undergoing craniotomy were randomly divided into two groups: in Group I, iv paracetamol 15mg/kg body weight..........

Key words:Pre-emptive analgesia, Craniotomy, Paracetamol

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[3]. Pain following craniotomy, anaesthesia, 2005, LC de Gray.
[4]. 5,6. Intravenous Acetaminophen Administration in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy - A Retrospective Institutional Study, Hoefnagel AL, Lopez M*, Mitchell K, Smith, Journal of Anesthesia & Clinical Research, September 2015.
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Abstract: Hyperhomocysteinemia considered "the cholesterol of nineties", is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease and premature atherosclerosis. It is defined as a medical condition characterized by abnormally high levels of homocysteine in the blood. Rapidly accumulating evidence links elevated homocysteine levels to thrombosis via several mechanisms such as increased tissue factor expression, attenuated anticoagulant processes, enhanced platelet reactivity, increased generation of thrombin, augmented factor V activity, fibrinolytic potential impairment and vascular injury. Atherogenic nature of homocystiene has a vital role in the development of cardiac or cerebral ischemic strokes. Several observational studies also show the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and recurrent venous thrombosis. We present a 45 year old male ,who presented to us with acute ischemic stroke and central retinal artery occlusion due to hyperhomocysteinemia.

Key words: Hyperhomocysteinemia; Acute ischemic stroke; Central retinal artery occlusion

[1]. Mudd SH, Finkelstein JD, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Malinow MR, Lentz SR, Jacobsen DW, Brattstrom L, Wilcken B, Wilcken DE, Blom HJ, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Selhub J, Rosenberg IH: Homocysteine and its disulfide-derivative: Asuggested consensus terminology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20: 1704-1706.
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Abstract: Background: Yoghurt production involves the fermentation of the lactose content of milk to yield lactic acid, CO2, acetic acid, diacetyl, acetaldehyde, amongst others, using Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Fermenting organisms produce lactase, which hydrolyzes lactose to simple sugars, glucose and galactose, making it more accessible to lactose-intolerant patients.The increased awareness of the benefits of constant yoghurt consumption has increased the rate of yoghurt consumption in Calabar and Nigeria as a whole, leading to the establishment of many small-scale factories for yoghurt production. Many unqualified people whose products lack certification by the appropriate agencies have also moved in for the sole purpose of making money. The purpose of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of yoghurt sold in Calabar Municipality,to determine whether or not they are free from harmful bacteria, to identify the pathogens and determine the microbial load therein...............

Key words: Bacteriological quality,good manufacturing practices,yoghurt

[1]. Adolfsson, O., Meydani, S. N. & Russell, R. M. (2008). Yoghurt and gut function. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,80:245-256.
[2]. Arnott, D. R., Duitschaever, C. L. & Bullock, D. H. (2010). Microbiological Evaluation of Yoghurt Produced Commercially in Ontario. Journalof Milk Technology,37:11-13.
[3]. Anthar, I. H. (2010). Preparation of Cheese and Yoghurt at house hold level. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research,2:390 -391.
[4]. Boor, J. K. & Murphy, S. C. (2002). Microbiology of Market Milks in Dairy. The Microbiology of Milk and Milk Products. Robinson, K.R. 3rd Edition. New York Wiley Intersciences. Pp. 91-122.
[5]. Boor, J. K. (2007). Fluid Dairy Product Quality and Safety Looking to the future. Journal of Dairy Science, 84:1 -11
[6]. Bramley, A. J., Kinnon, C. H, Staker, R.T. & Simpkin, S. B. (2011). The Effect of Udder Infection on the Bacteria Flora of the Back Milk of Ten Dairy Herds. Journal of Applied Bacteriology,57: 317.

Abstract: This VEP is clinically practiced as non-invasive ophthalmic electro diagnosistesting.This is to be used for prognosis, diagnosis and clinical follow-up procedures.Aim/purpose: a group of diabetes type-II with clinically apparent normal fundus has been chosen for purpose to assess the clinical value of such non-invasive reversal-VEP testing for clinical prognosis eventually diagnosis of possible visual system and ocular pathologies in this group of subjects, also to encourage clinicians to apply reversal-VEP in clinical practice.

Key words: reversal, VEP, latency, amplitude, peak to peak, wave-form, grand-average.

[1]. N.R Galloway (MD, FRCS), Ophthalmic electrodiagnosis ISBN 085324 152 X. 1981, LLYOD LUKE 5Medical books), London united kingdom, second edition, 1981, PP.29-30

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Abstract: Introduction: Appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency with the incidence rate of 6-10%. Treatment of appendicitis is Appendectomy, either Laparoscopic or open procedure. Although several studies have compared the two approaches of open appendectomy (OA) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), the technique of choice is still a matter of controversy. Objective: Our main objective is to evaluate the efficacy of Laparoscopic Appendectomy over Open Appendectomy for treating Appendicitis. Method: This study was a retrospective observational study which was conducted in North East Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh and the total sample size was 144. According to patients preference 98 patients underwent Laparoscopic Appendectomy and 46 patients underwent Open Appendectomy. The duration of study period was one and half years from..............

Key words: Laparoscopy, Open Appendectomy, Appendicitis.

[1]. Graffeo, Charles S.; Counselman, Francis L. (November 1996). "Appendicitis". Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 14 (4): 653–71. doi:10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70273-x. PMID 8921763.
[2]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Appendix-Entfernung.jpg
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[4]. Islam, Sardar Rezaul, Kamal Pasha, Shahinur Rahman, Emdad Nasir, Emon Hanif, and Auditi Barman. "Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy: a comparative study." Bangladesh journal of endosurgery 2, no. 1 (2014): 5-8.
[5]. Masoomi, Hossein, Steven Mills, Matthew O. Dolich, Noor Ketana, Joseph C. Carmichael, Ninh T. Nguyen, and Michael J. Stamos. "Does laparoscopic appendectomy impart an advantage over open appendectomy in elderly patients?." World journal of surgery 36, no. 7 (2012): 1534-1539.

Abstract: Background: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract, occurring after 28th weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. The most important causes of APH are placenta praevia and placental abruption. Objective: To assess the outcome of delivery cases presenting with antepartum haemorrhage in Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Material and methods: It was a cross sectional study carried out in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from January 2014 to December 2015. Total 100 sample were included in this study. All pregnant patients presented with P/V bleeding after 28 weeks & during labour were included in this study. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) for windows version 20..............

Key words: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH), Pregnancy, Neonatal death, Perinatal death

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[4]. DeCherney All. Current Obstetric & Gynaecologic Diagnosis & Treatment. 10th edition, Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill. Page 328-341.
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Abstract: Knowledge of how immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses are regulated is critical for understanding the pathogenesis of complex diseases, such as periodontitis. The pathogenesis of periodontal disease is mediated by the inflammatory response to bacteria in the dental biofilm. Unlike many infectious diseases, periodontal diseases appear to be infection mediated by the overgrowth of commensal organisms rather than by acquisition of an exogenous pathogen. Recent advances in cellular and molecular biology research have demonstrated the importance of the acquired immune system not only in fighting the virulent periodontal pathogens, but also in protecting the host from developing further devastating condition in periodontal infections. Three basic mechanisms............

Key words: dental biofilm, adaptive immunity, acquired immune system.

[1]. Hajishengallis G. Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2015 Jan;15(1):30.
[2]. Abusleme, L. et al. The subgingivalmicrobiome in health and periodontitis and its relationship with community biomass and inflammation. ISME J. 7, 1016–1025 (2013). [3]. Amano A. Host–parasite interactions in periodontitis: microbial pathogenicity and innate immunity. Periodontology 2000. 2010 Oct 1;54(1):9-14. [4]. Teng YT. Protective and destructive immunity in the periodontium: part 1—innate and humoral immunity and the periodontium. Journal of dental research. 2006 Mar;85(3):198-208. [5]. Kornman KS, Page RC, Tonetti MS. The host response to the microbial challenge in periodontitis: assembling the players. Periodontology 2000. 1997 Jun 1;14(1):33-53.

Abstract: Tinea capitis (TC) is a common superficial fungal infection seen predominantly in children. The purpose of study was identification of causative fungi in particular reference to clinical pattern and geographic factors. The present study was carried out on total of 100 patients with clinically suspected tinea capitis attending the Dermatology OPD, GMC, Jammu. The specimen was collected from suspected scalp and hair and subjected to microscopy and culture. 56 (56%) patients were in the age group 6-10 yrs, and 61 (61%) were females. Majority of the patients 83 (83%) were the natives of rural area. Black dot type of tinea capitis was the most common clinical presentation 42 (42%).71 (71%) showed a positive KOH mount on microscopy, Positive growth on fungal culture was seen in 45 (45%) of the patients..............

Key words: Culture, Dermatology, Geographic ,Isolation, Microscopy

[1]. Attal RO, Deotale V, Yadav A. Tinea capitis among primary school children: a clinicomycological study in a rural hospital in central India. Int J Cur Res Rev. 2017; 9(23):25-31.
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[4]. Fathi HI, Al-Samarai AGM. Prevalence of tinea capitis among school children in Iraq. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2000; 6(1):128-37.
[5]. Ellabib MS, Agaj M, Khalifa Z, Kavanagh K. Trichophyton violaceum is the dominant cause of tinea capitis in children in Tripoli, Libya: results of a two year survey. Mycopathologia. 2002; 153(3):145-47.

Abstract: Malaria during pregnancy continues to be a major health problem in endemic countries with clinical consequences including death of both mother and child and attendant derangement in trace elements. This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship betweentrace element iron and malaria density in pregnant women with malaria. The patients are pregnant women attending ante natal clinic of NnamdiAzikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra, South East, Nigeria. The controls are pregnant women without malaria, non-pregnant women with malaria and non-pregnant women without malaria. Iron level was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry while the malaria density was determined by counting the parasites against white cells. From the results Iron showed a significant increase in pregnant women with malaria 14.50±7.984μmol/L compared to pregnant women without malaria 14.30±8.32μmol/L, non-pregnant women with malaria 10.16±2.59μmol/L and non-pregnant women without malaria 10.17±5.09μmol/L (F =15.45; p<0.05). Iron levelshowed a moderate positive correlation with parasite density (r=0.31; p=0.002).

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Abstract: Introduction: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a common cardiac disorder. It is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Effective risk stratification is integral to the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes and associated chronic kidney disease may adversely affect acute STEMI outcome. Objective: Main objective of this study is to evaluate the rate of in hospital mortality in patients of acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction with impaired renal function. Method: 150 patients of STEMI diagnosed by clinical, biochemical and ECG criteria were included in the study. Result: After getting serum creatinine level, eFR was calculated and if it was<60ml/min then the patient was selected for the study. Hospital stay where Mean ± SD of hospital stay of the study patients was 4.51± 0.77 days. Among the 150 patients death occurred in 4% of cases. Conclusion: Renal impairment should be detected in early stage which is very necessary to avoid increased mortality.

Key- Words: Myocardial Infarction (MI), Renal Function, STEMI, Coronary heart disease (CHD)

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