iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2018

Abstract: Case report is one of the common methods of publication in Medical Science. A case report is a description of important scientific observations that are missed or undetectable in clinical trials1. A case report is helpful to describe a new or uncommon disease and its manifestations to the medical world. It also helps in introducing a new side effect of a drug that has not been encountered previously. It can also be used to write about an unusual manifestation of a known disease. Case report is considered one of the lowest level of medical publication. But it provides valuable information to the physicians and public health experts.

Key words: Case report, Publication, Novice, Absolute Beginner, Medicine, Research

[1]. Sun, Zhonghua. "Tips for Writing a Case Report for the Novice Author." Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences 60.3 (2013): 108–113. PMC. Web. 29 July 2018. PMID: 26229618

[2]. Henry Cohen.American Journal of HealthSystemPharmacy October2006, 63 (19) 1881892; DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp060182 [3]. Gottleib GJ, Rogoz A, Vogel JV, Friedman-Kien A, Rywlin AM, Weiner EA, Ackerman AB. A preliminary communication on extensively disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in a young homosexual man. Am J Dermatopathol. 1981;7:111–114. doi: 10.1097/00000372-198100320-00002.PMID:7270808

[4]. Goetz CG. The history of Parkinson's disease: early clinical descriptions and neurological therapies. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2011;7(1):a008862. DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a008862. PMID:22229124..

[5]. Dr Varo Kirthi, MA (Cantab) BM BCh. RCP insight How to write a clinical case report. RCP/0011/23/09/2011

Abstract: Background and Objectives :Despitesnake bite being an important medicosocial issue in India, only few research has been conducted in thisfield. This studywasintended to find out the demographic and clinical profile of snake bite victimspresented to ourhospital.Methods :Thiswas a hospitalbased prospective observationalstudy. Patients presentedwithhistory of snake bite wereassessed and managed. Aftergettinginformed consent, the patient or caretakerwasinterviewed, the patient wasfollowed up for 24 hours and data collected.Results and Discussion :Themeanage of snake bite victimswas 38.5 years . Male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The incidence of snake bite washigher in housewives and students. In majority of cases (89.4%), first aidwasgiven to the patient, the commonestwas application of........

Key words: Acute kidney injury,Envenomation,Epidemiology,Snake bite

[1]. Meteorological Centre, Government of India, Rainfall statement.
[2]. Kasturiratne A, Wickramsinghe AR, DeSilva N, Gunawardena NK, PathmeswaranA,Premaratna R et al. The global burden of snakebite: A literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths. PLOS Med2008;Vol. 5:218.
[3]. David A Warrel. World Health Organization Guidelines for the management of snake bites, Regional office for South East Asia 2010.
[4]. Suchithra N, Pappachan JM, SujathanP. Snakebite envenoming in Kerala, South India: clinical profile and factors involved in adverse outcomes. Emerg Med J 2008; 25 (4): 200-4.
[5]. Narvencar K. Correlation Between Timing of ASV Administration and Complications in Snake Bites. JAPI 2006; Vol. 54: 717-19..

Abstract: Background : The morbidly adherent placenta (MAP), once a rare occurrence, is now an increasingly common complication of pregnancy secondary to the increase in cesarean delivery rates. The massive haemorrhage associated with this condition leads to severe maternal morbidity and mortality.There are various surgical methods in use to control bleeding from the placental bed,but MAP has replaced atonic post partum haemorrhage as the leading cause of Cesarean hysterectomy. Aim: to analyse the surgical management of the morbidly adherent placenta with the objective of reducing maternal morbidity and mortality ,by studying the various surgical methods used to achieve haemostasis. Results : 36 cases of MAP managed between January to December 2017 were analysed.The average age of the cases was 24 years,with average gravidity 2.All patients had undergone previous cesaerean delivery with average of 2 previous LSCS.22 cases were diagnosed in the.......

[1]. Morlando M1, Sarno L, Napolitano R, Capone A, Tessitore G, Maruotti GM, Martinelli Placenta accreta:incidence and risk factors in an area with a particularly high rate of cesarean section.Acta Obstet GynecolScand. 2013 Apr;92(4):457-60.
[2]. Serena Wu, MD, Masha Kocherginsky, PhDJudith U. Hibbard, MD.Abnormal placentation: Twenty-yearanalysis American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Volume 192, Issue 5, May 2005, Pages 1458–1461.
[3]. Mehrabadi A, Hutcheon JA, Liu S, et al. Contribution of placenta accreta to the incidence of postpartumhemorrhage and severe postpartum hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol 2015; 125:814.
[4]. Clark, Steven l. MD; koonings, Paul P. MD; phelan, jeffrey p. MD Placenta Previa/Accreta and Prior CesareanSection Obstetrics & Gynecology: July
[5]. Khong TY. The pathology of placenta accreta, a worldwide epidemic. J Clin Pathol 2008; 61:1243..

Abstract: Nowadays pts are more aware about their cosmetic look, eyes can reflect the beauty hidden in the orbits, but nose is prominent part of the face, its shape can't be hideout.No human nose can be perfect, but more of curvature, crooked and widened alae, depressed septal cartilage, Hump brought to the clinicians. They are in dilemma to whom they have to refer either otorhinolaryngologists, plastic surgeon. As an Otorhinologists we deals with all external and internal deviation of the nose staring from the basic, we the people have better knowledge about the anatomy of the nose, we are the right surgeons to deal with these problems. Here is our experience of open rhinoplasties for hump reduction, augmentation, ostetotomies, alar reduction, septoplasty,tip correction, bulbar noses etc . We made a study of 20 cases in the year of 2016- 2017

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Abstract: Background: Fingerprints being unique to a human being, is a valuable tool in identification. Identification of sex from fingerprint ridge density has been attempted by earlier researchers. Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine ridge density of males and females and to identify whether sexual differences exist between them. Methodology: The study was conducted on 170 subjects [70 males and 100 females] in the age group of 18-65 years. Mean ridge density was calculated from the finger prints of the participants and were statistically analysed. Results: The results showed that in male subjects, the ridge density ranged from 8.0 to 12.90 ridges/25 mm2 with a mean of..........

Keywords: Fingerprint, Ridge Density, Gender, Identification

[1]. Cunliffe F, Piazza PB. Criminalistics and Scientific Investigation. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.; 1980, p266.
[2]. Acree M A. Is there a gender difference in fingerprint ridge density? Forensic Science International 1999; 102: 35-44.
[3]. Galera V, Romero E, Alonso C [et al.]. Variability f fingerprint ridge density in a sample of a Spanish Caucasians and its application to sex determination. Forensic Science International 2008; 180:17-22.
[4]. Garg R K, Kaur R., Determination of gender from fingerprints based on the number of ridges in a defined area, Fingerprint World 2006; 32, 155-9.
[5]. Gungadin S., Sex. Determination from fingerprint ridge density, Internet Journal of Medical Update 2007(Jul-Dec);2(2):4-7..

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the apical extrusion of debris and the time taken for complete removal of root canal filling material by ProtaperUniversal(PTU), Protaper Retreatment(PTR) and Protaper Next(PTN) file systems during endodontic retreatment.
Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were used. All the teeth were prepared with Protaper Universal files(DentsplyMaillefer) upto size F3 and obturated using F3 guttapercha cone with AH plus sealer. After one week, the teeth were divided into three groups based on the retreatment file systems used: Group I(PTU); Group II(PTR); Group III(PTN) and the retreatment procedure was carried out. The debris extruded was collected in eppendorf tubes using Myers and Montogomery model. The mean time taken by each file system to completely.......

Key words: Apical extrusion, endodontic retreatment, analytical balance, electronic weighing machine.

[1]. Western JS, Dicksit DD. Apical extrusion of debris in four different endodontic instrumentation systems:A meta-analysis. J Conserv Dent 2017;20:30-6.
[2]. Vikram M. Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris Retreatment Procedure by Two types of Endodontic Instruments. Int J Recent Surg Med Sci 2017;3(1):7-9.
[3]. Nevares G, Romeiro K, Albuquerque D, et al. Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris during Root Canal Retreatment Using PROTAPER NEXT and Reciproc in Severely Curved Canals. Iranian Endodontic Journal 2017;12(3):323-8.
[4]. Fariniuk LF, Azevedo MD, Carneiro E, Westphalen UP, Piasecki L, da Silva Neto UX. Efficacy of protaper instruments during endodontic retreatment. Indian J Dent Res. 2017;28:400-5.
[5]. Giuliani V, Coechetti R, Pagavino G. Efficacy of ProTaper universal retreatment files in removing filling materials during root canal retreatment. J Endod. 2008;34(11);1381-4...

Abstract: Inguinal hernias are very commonly encountered by surgeons throughout the world.Inguinal hernias are usually repairedeither by open or laparoscopic approaches. Though laparoscopic hernia repair has gained popularity in recent times, open inguinal hernia repair is still preferred by many surgeons due to lesser rates of recurrence and technical simplicity(1). Amongst the open surgical techniques for open inguinal hernia repair, Lichtenstein hernioplasty which was introduced in 1989 is very popular and widely accepted. Lichtenstein tension-free repair, though showed good results had a high incidence of chronic groin pain (CGP) postoperatively. The average incidence as reported in many studies has been between 10-40%(2). There are a lot of factors which may be considered for the development of CGP post-herniorrhaphy such as surgeons experience &the surgical technique of fixing the mesh.The various causes proposed for the origin of CGP post-herniorrhaphy are nerve entrapment............

[1]. Awad S, Fagan S (2004) Current approaches to inguinal hernia repair. Am J Surg 118:9S–16S
[2]. Kumar S, Wilson RG, Nixon SJ et al (2002) Chronic pain after laparoscopic and open mesh repair of groin hernia. Br J Surg 89:1476–1479
[3]. Campanelli G, Champault G, Pascual MH, Hoeferlin A, Kingsnorth A, et al. (2008) Randomized controlled blinded trial of Tissucol/Tisseel for mesh fixation in patients undergoing Lichtenstein technique for primary inguinal hernia repair: rationale and study design of the TIMELI trial. Hernia 12(2): 159-165.17.
[4]. Lovisetto F, Zonta S, Rota E, Mazzilli M, Bardone M, et al. (2007) Use of human fibril glue (Tissucol) versus staples for mesh fixation in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty: a prospective, randomized study. Ann Surg 245(2): 222-231.18.
[5]. Schwab R, Schumacher O, Junge K, Binnebosel M, Klinge U, et al. (2006) Fibrin sealant for mesh fixation in Lichtestein repair: biomechanical analysis of different techniques. Hernia 11(2): 139- 145..

Abstract: Background: although glaucoma is one of the most important cause of blindness in the world its awareness Is low in the general population. Aim: to study the awareness and knowledge of glaucoma in patients attending ophthalmology OPD in tertiary care hospital (goa medical college). Materials and methods: patients above 40 years of age attending ophthalmology OPD were given a questionnaire and their awareness and knowledge assessed. Result: 1000 patients were given the questionnaire out of which only 188 patients were aware of glaucoma, and fewer patients had more detailed knowledge of glaucoma. Conclusion: since glaucoma is largely an asymptomatic disease in its early stages only awareness of glaucoma and its various risk factors can help prevent blindness due to glaucoma.

[1]. WHO | Glaucoma is second leading cause of blindness globally. WHO. 2011.http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/82/11/feature1104/en/. Accessed July 18, 2018.
[2]. WHO | Causes of blindness and visual impairment. WHO. 2017. http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/en/. Accessed July 18, 2018.
[3]. Glaucoma is the third leading cause of blindness in India, 12 million people are affected | SP News Agency. http://spnewsagency.com/glaucoma-is-the-third-leading-cause-of-blindness-in-india-12-million-people-are-affected/. Accessed July 18, 2018.
[4]. Panday M, George R, Vijaya L. Epidemiology of Glaucoma In South India. Kerala J Ophthalmol. 9(18). https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0333/8c4f1e42287947b8ed4c3f1a8b0b2ce63ce7.pdf. Accessed July 18, 2018.
[5]. Prabhu M, Kangokar PC, Patil S. Glaucoma awareness and knowledge in a tertiary care hospital in a tier-2 city in South India. J Sci Soc. 2013;40(1):3. doi:10.4103/0974-5009.109674.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Aim- Diseases of gallbladder have presented for a long time. Before era of laparoscopic open cholecystectomy was the procedure of choice but invention of laparoscopy made it the procedure of choice for elective cholecystectomy. The operation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still evolving with time and the size, number of ports is reducing day by day. This prospective, randomised pilot study was done to compare the extraction of gallbladder through epigastric/subxiphoid port v/s supraumbilical port in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of operative time, complications, extention of the incision, hospital stay, cosmesis, ease of use and acceptability by both the.......

Key words: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; Cholelithiasis; Gallbladder Retrieval; Umbilical Port; Sub-Xiphoid Port, Supraumbilical Port

[1]. Shehadi WH. The biliary system through ages. Int Surg 1979;64(6):63-78.
[2]. Beal JM. Historical perspective of gallstone disease. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1984;158(2):181-9.
[3]. Servetus M, Fulton JF, O'Malley CD, trans. Christianismi restitutio and other writings. Birmingham, Ala: Classics of Medicine Library 1989:p.115.
[4]. Karam J, Roslyn JR. Cholelithiasis and cholecystectomy. In: Maingot's abdominal operations. 12th edn. Vol 2. Prentice Hall International Inc 1997:1717-38.
[5]. Mouret P. From the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy to the frontiers of laparoscopic surgery: the future prospectives. Dig Surg 1991;8(2):124-5...

Abstract: BACKGROUND &OBJECTIVES: induction of labour constitutes initiating effective uterinecontractions which will help in cervical dilatation and delivery of the baby before onset of spontaneous labour. This study evaluates the incidence of MSL and fetal outcome in labours induced with misoprostol vaginally. Methods: It consists of 300 women who were randomly selected and with gestational age between 37-42weeks. These woman were divided into two groups. 1st group consists of 100 women who were admitted for induction of labour. 2nd group consists of 200 women who were admitted with spontaneous onset of labour.This study was conducted at Dr.PSIMS&Rf in dept. of obstetrics and gynaecology. Data collected and analysed. Results:Group – I consists 100, induced.......

Key words: Induction of labour, misoprostol, meconium.

[1]. Williams's Obstetrics – 22ndEdn. – Physiology of labour and role of prostaglandins in labour.
[2]. Jefferson H.Harman JR., Current trends in cervical ripening and labour induction – August-1999; American Acad, p.1-10.
[3]. John Studd – Progress in Obstetric and Gynaecology; Cervical changes in pregnancy & labour: Vol. 12, p.99-120.
[4]. Biswas A. Arul Kumaran S, induction of labour in the management of labour, 1stEdn. Arul kamaranS.Ratnam S.S.,BhaskarRao K. (Editors). Orient Longmen, 1996.
[5]. Ratnam S.S., BhakarRao K. Arul Kumaran; obstetrics and Gynanecology Prostaglandins, vol.1, p.151-59..

Abstract: Background: In India, tobacco kills 8–10 lakh people each year and majority of these deaths occur in young age. An estimate says that an average of five-and-a-half minutes of life is lost for each cigarette smoked. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is aroutine, inexpensive tool for assessment of cardiovascular disease in both clinical and research setting and ECG changes powerfully predicts future CVD events Hence the present study is carried out to demonstrate the effects of smoking on electrocardiogram and thereby creating awareness and the potential benefits of primordial prevention in such population. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in the department of Physiology, Sri Venkateswara medical college, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study group comprised of 45 males with age range between 40 and 55years and 45 age matched males as controls. The smokers in this study were that smoking 11-20........

Key words: Tobacco smoking, lipid profile, high density lipoproteins.

[1]. Chatterjee T, Haldar D, Mallik S, Sarkar GN, Das S, Lahiri SK. A study on habits of tobacco use among medical and non-medical students of Kolkata. Lung India Off Organ Indian Chest Soc. 2011;28(1):5–10.
[2]. Talhout R, Schulz T, Florek E, van Benthem J, Wester P, Opperhuizen A. Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Feb;8(2):613–28.
[3]. Stedman RL. Chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke. Chem Rev. 1968 Apr 1;68(2):153–207.
[4]. Tweed JO, Hsia SH, Lutfy K, Friedman TC. The endocrine effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke. Trends Endocrinol Metab TEM. 2012 Jul;23(7):334–42.
[5]. Mizobe F, Livett BG. Nicotine stimulates secretion of both catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase from cultured adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci. 1983 Apr;3(4):871–6...

Abstract: Objective: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among children admitted in Pediatric Gastro-enterology and Nutrition Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The second objective was to identify the risk factors of HBV infection with target group for vaccination. Methodology: Children were selected purposively with liver disease presented with jaundice, abdominal distention, abdominal pain, fever, haematemesis and melaena. Result: Among the total participants 28(31.8%) were within the age range of 8.1 to 10 years, 25(28.4%) within 4 to 6 years and the least 10(11.4%) within 2 to 4 years. Out of the total studied children, 55(62.5%) were male and 33(37.5%)........

Key words: Acute Hepatitis, Hepatitis B Virus

[1]. Hou J, Liu Z, Gu F. Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Int J Med Sci 2005; 2(1): 50-57.
[2]. Wasley A, Kruszon-Moran D, Kuhnert W, Simard E, Finelli L, McQuillan G et al. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States in the era of vaccination. Journal of Infectious Diseases 2010; 202(2): 192-201.
[3]. Mahamat A, Louvel D, Vaz T, Demar M, Nacher M, Djossou F. High prevalence of HBsAg during pregnancy in Asian communities at Cayenne Hospital, French Guiana. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2010; 83(3): 7-11.
[4]. Lok ASF. Hepatitis B;[accessed 2 May 2014]. Available from:http://www.uptodate.com/contents/hepatitis-b-beyond-the-basics
[5]. WHO Media Centre. Hepatitis B;[accessed 2 May 2014]. Availablefrom: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/
[6]. factsheets/fs204/en/..

Abstract: Introduction: The term Cerebral Palsy (CP) was originally coined more than a century ago and loosely translates as "brain paralysis". Cerebral Palsy is the leading cause of childhood disability affecting function and development. The hallmark of CP is a disorder in the development of gross motor functions. This prospective study was performed in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, during a period of six months from April 2009 to September 2009 to assess different presentations, risk factors and gross motor function improvement in cerebral palsy (CP) patients. Methods: Data were collected by direct interviewing the patient's mother using a formulated data sheet with the particulars of the patients, chief complains......

Key words: Gross Motor Functions, Cerebral Palsy Patients, Rehabilitation management

[1]. Mutch L, Alberman E, Hagberg B, Kodama K, Perat MV. Cerebral Palsy epidemiology: where are we now and where are we going?. Dev Med Child Neurol I 992;34(6):547-51.
[2]. Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, Leviton A, Paneth N, Dan B, et al. Proposed definition and classification of Cerebral Palsy, April 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005;47(8):571 -6.
[3]. Shevell Ml, Bodensteiner JB. Cerebral Palsy: defining the problem. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2004; 11(1 ):2-4.
[4]. Stanley F, Blair E, Alberman E. Cerebal Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. London, United Kingdom: MacKefth Press; 2000.
[5]. Jacobsson B, Hagberg G. Antenatal risk factors for Cerebral Palsy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004;18(3):425-36.

Abstract: This study evaluates the relation of occupational status with cardiovascular risk of apparently healthy adults in Port Harcourt City. A total of 167 apparently healthy subjects were used for this study. The mean age of the subjects in this study was 38.92 ± 8.28 years. A structured administered questionnaire was used as an aid in the collection of demographic and lifestyle data from the subjects. C-reactive protein (CRP) and Lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels were measured quantitatively by the sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were measured quantitatively by colorimetric enzymatic method. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) was calculated from the Friedewald's equation. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as Log (TG/HDL), and TC/HDL ratio also calculated. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by taking measurements of weight and height in........

Key words: Cardiovascular risk, C-reactive protein, Lipoprotein phospholipase A2, Occupation

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[2]. Leigh J and Schnall P (2000). Costs of occupational circulatory disease. Occupational Medicine 15(1): 257-267Pereira et al., 1998.
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[4]. van Uffelen JG, Wong J, Chau JY, van der Ploeg HP, Riphagen I, Gilson ND, Burton NW, Healy GN, Thorp AA, Clark BK, Gardiner PA, Dunstan DW, Bauman A, Owen N, Brown WJ. (2010). Occupational sitting and health risks: a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 39(4), 379-88
[5]. Danielle, H, Martina, S, Romano, G, Sylvia, K and Gerhard, J (2010) .Work and diet- related risk factors of cardiovascular diseases: comparison of two occupational groups. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 5,4..