iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2018

Abstract: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, but the commonest in developing countries (Ferlay J et al., 2001), and a compelling body of clinical, epidemiological, molecular, and experimental evidence has established the etiological relationship between some sexually transmitted HPV genotypes and cervical neoplasia throughout the world. Based on the frequency of detection of HPV genotypes from different grades of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Grades/CIN I–III), HPV genotypes are subdivided into High-risk HPV types which frequently associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma (Schiffman et al., 2007), the low-risk types are rarely found in carcinomas and are often associated with premalignant or benign diseases (Gravitt and jamishidi, 2005). In cervical carcinomas, HPV is needed for malignant transformation (Bosch et al., 2002). HPV is mainly transmitted through sexual............

[1]. Anfal M.Kh. Co=Expression of E6 and E7 genes of High Risk Types of Human papilloma virus and P53 gene in Malignant and premalignant cervical lesions (2016). Ph.D. Thesis , collage of medicine , University of Al-Nahain.

[2]. Ashna J. Faik, Mudhafar Q. Saber, Wisam J. Mohammed, Bashar Z. Ibraheem, Kawther R. Lateef and Areeg S. Hassen. Genotyping of High-risk Human Papilloma virus (HPV) among Iraqi women in Baghdad by Multiplex PCR (2015). Journal of Biotechnology Research Center , Vol. 9 No.1, page no. (38-45).

[3]. Ali, S.HM. Molecular biological studies of Human Papillomavirus infections in patient with cervical neoplasia (2001) . Ph.D. thesis, collage of medicine, University of Al-Nahain.
[4]. Bosch FX, Lorincz A, Munoz N, Meijer CJLM, Shah KV. The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. J. Clin. Pathol. (2002); 55: 244–265.

[5]. Bosch FX et al. International Biological Study on Cervical Cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Cervical Cancer: a Worldwide Perspective. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1995, 87:796-802.

Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of sodium valproate on thyroid function in children with epilepsy. Method: This was a prospective study evaluated 50 children with first attack of epilepsy treated with valproic acid. Thyroid fuction test was done before starting treatment and thereafter every 3montly for 1 year. Result: Serum level of TSH significantly increased after 3 months (p=0.0045), 6 months (p=0.0026), and 9 months (p=0.0414), whereas serum FT4 value significantly decreased after 3months (p=0.009), 6months (p=0.0026), and 9 months (p=0.0011) of valproate therapy. Conclusion: VPA monotherapy in children may cause early and persistent alterations in thyroid function, which suggests a need for early and careful monitoring of serum thyroid hormone concentrations in epileptic children who receive VPA..

Key words: Epilepsy ,thyroid function, VPA( valproic acid).

[1]. Epilepsy Fact Sheet No 999, January 2009. World Health Organization.2009. Available at:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs999/en/index.html. Accessed on September 27, 2011.
[2]. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Commission on Classification and Terminology of the InternationalLeague Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1989;30(4):389–399.
[3]. French JA, Kanner AM, Bautista J, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the new anti-epileptic drugs II: Treatment of refractory epilepsy. Neurology. 2004;62(8):1261–1273.

[4]. Attilakos A, Katsarou E, Prassouli A, Mastroyianni S, Voudris K, Fotinou A, Garoufi A.Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009 Jan-Feb;32(1):32-4.Thyroid function in children with epilepsy treated with sodium valproate monotherapy: a prospective study.

[5]. Thyroid Function with Antiepileptic Drugs Jouko I. T. Isojärvi1,*, Arto J. Pakarinen2, Vilho V. Myllylä1..

Abstract: AIM: Malaria remains as a life-threatening parasitic disease in Indian scenario and poses a great diagnostic challenge. RDTs have emerged as an alternative diagnostic tool, providing a giant leap in malaria diagnosis curtailing the disadvantages of microscopy in rural endemic areas. This study aims to assess the performance of two commercially available bivalent RDTs based on HRP-2 and pLDH with microscopy of blood films as diagnostic tool for malaria detection. METHODS:Peripheral blood was taken from a total of 5,456 patients, presenting with fever, chills and rigor with profuse sweating and the JSB stained smears were examined for malaria parasites. Simultaneously, venous blood was tested by two different commercially available RDTs,AlereTrueline Malaria Ag P.f/Pan and Advantage Malcard Malaria Ag P.f/Pan........

Key Words:Malaria, Smear microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic Tests

[1]. Singh N, Shukla MM, Shukla MK, Mehra RK, Sharma S et al., Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of rapid malaria diagnostic tests versus traditional and molecular techniques in India. Malar J. 2010; 9:191.
[2]. WHO, 2016. World Malaria Report. Geneva: WHO.
[3]. Eibach D, Traore B, Bouchrik M, Coulibaly B, Coulibaly N, et al., Evaluation of the malaria rapid diagnostic test VIKIA malaria Ag Pf/PanTMin endemic and non-endemic settings. Malar J. 2013; 12:188.
[4]. Moody A. Rapid diagnostic tests for malaria diagnosis. ClinMicobiol Rev. 2002 Jan;15(1):66-78.
[5]. Chayani N, Das B, Sur M, and Bajoria S. Comparison of parasite lactate dehydrogenase based immunochromatographic antigen detection assay (optimal) with microscopy for detection of malaria parasites. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2004; 22(2):104-106..

Abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is known as one of the most common endocrine disorders and affects 5-10% of women that is characterized by hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation. PCOS as a multi-dimensional syndrome influences various systems as Infertility, irregular menses, acanthosis nigricans, insulin resistance, and hirsutism1. Also, it has some long-term consequences such as hypertension coronary artery diseases and type II diabetes.
Vitamin D plays a physiologic role in reproduction including ovarian follicular development and luteinization via altering Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) signaling, follicle-stimulating hormone sensitivity and progesterone production in human granulosa cells2. It also affects glucose homeostasis.. The strong association between PCOS and insulin resistance indicates that insulin directly influences ovarian function........

[1]. Franks S.- Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1995;333(13):853–861.
[2]. Irani M, Merhi Z. Role of vitamin D in ovarian physiology and its implication in reproduction: a systematic review. Fertil Steril. 2014; 102:460–8. e3
[3]. .Ashraf Moini, M.D, Nooshin Shirzad, M.D, Marzieh Ahmadzadeh, M.D, Reihaneh Hosseini, M.D, Ladan Hosseini, M.Sc, and Shahideh Jahanian Sadatmahalleh, Ph.D - Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and Calcium Levels between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Normal Women Int J Fertil Steril. 2015 Apr-Jun; 9(1): 1–8.
[4]. Krul-Poel YH, Snackey C, Louwers Y, Lips P, Lambalk CB, Laven JS, et al. - The role of vitamin D in metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Eur. J Endocrinol. 2013; 169:853–65.
[5]. Ehrmann DA 2005 - Polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 352:1223-1236..

Abstract: Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) is defined as a person of any age, at any time of the year, with acute onset of fever and a change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma, inability to talk ) and/or new onset of seizures (excluding simple febrile seizures) [WHO]. Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is one of the leading causes of AES affecting children and adolescents in the tropical countries. The present study aims to study the socio-demographic andclinical profile of children with AES. The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati. from 1st July 2016 to 30th June 2017.Male gender, 5-12 years age group, rural and farmer background, poor socio economic status were found to be associated. Most of the cases presented between June to September..

[1]. Saminathan M, Karuppanasamy K, Pavulraj S, Gopalakrishnan A and Rai RB. AES: a complex zoonotic disease. Int. J. Livest. Res. 2013; 3(2): 174-177
[2]. Kumar R, Mathur A, Kumar A. Japanese encephalitis - an important cause of acute childhood encephalopathy in Lucknow, India. Postgrad Med J. 1988; 64:18–22.
[3]. Verma A,Ahmed Z, Shekhar S, Ahsan M. Spectrum Analysis of Cases of Japanese Encephalitis in Jharkhand, India. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2017; vol 16(3):16-19
[4]. Yashodhara P, Madhavi N. Clinical Profile & Outcome of Viral Encephalitis in Pediatric Department in Government General Hospital, Guntur. International Journal of Science and Research 2015; (4):2141-46
[5]. Kakoti G, Dutta P, Das B R, Bora J, Mahanta J. Clinical Profile and Outcome of Japanese Encephalitis in Children admitted with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome. Biomed Research International; 2013:1-5..

Abstract: To study the various aspects of FESS and Caldwell-Luc approach in non neoplastic maxillary sinus pathologies. Forty patients were selected for the study. The age group ranged from 10-80 years. A male predominance had been seen in the study. In this study,all cases (100%) treated by FESS required General Anaesthesia, whereas, in Caldwell Luc Approach, 13 patients (65%) were operated under General Anaesthesia and 7 patients(35%) were operated under Local Anaesthesia. Subjective Improvement after 6 months of surgery was satisfactory in 90% cases of FESS and 60% cases of Caldwell-Luc Approach.

Key words: Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Caldwell-Luc Approach, Non Neoplastic Maxillary Sinus pathologies..

[1]. Datta RK, Viswanatha B ,Harsha Shree M. Caldwell Luc Surgery: Revisited. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg Jan-Mar 2016 68(1):90-93
[2]. Barzilai G, Greenberg E, Uri N. Indications for the Caldwell-Luc approach in the endoscopic era. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005 Feb; 132(2):219-20
[3]. Low WK. Complications of the Caldwell-Luc operation and how to avoid them. Aust N Z J Surg. 1995 Aug; 65(8):582-4
[4]. Ikeda K.Hirano K ,Oshima T.Shimomura A,Suzuki H,Sunose H,Kondo Y,Takasaka T. Comparison of complications between endoscopic sinus surgery and Caldwell-Luc operation. Tohuku J Exp Med 1996 Sep; 180(1):27-31
[5]. Lathi A. Syed M.M.A, Kishve S.P. clinic-pathological profile of sinonasal masses: a study from a tertiary care hospital of India. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica..

Abstract: Total Elbow Replacement (TER) is considered as the ultimate salvage operation to recreate a functional Range of Motion (ROM) in a stiff elbow after malunited distal Humerus Fracture. Post TER stiffness is not uncommon. It is usually extrinsic stiffness which may occur after variable time difference. Manipulation under Anasthesia (MUA) or Arthrolysis have been documented to be the effective procedures to regain functional ROM after post TER stiffness. In this case series 16 patients operated with linked semi-constrained non-custom Total Elbow implant developed post surgical stiffness at a mean of 45.25 months post TER and were treated to attain functional ROM by MUA or open arthrolysis. This level IV therapeutic, non control, cohort prospective study was done to compare whether Manipulation Under Anasthesia or Arthrolysis is a better nethod for regaining functional ROM in post TER stiffness..

Key Words: Total Elbow Replacement; extrinsic stiffness; Manipulation Under Anasthesia; Arthrolysis; functional Range Of Motion.

[1]. Jupiter J.B., Forthman C.L.; Surgical Approach to the Posttraumatic Stiff Elbow; Techniques in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 5(4):219–230, 2004.

[2]. Kamineni.S, Morrey B. F; Distal Humeral Fractures Treated with Noncustom Total Elbow Replacement. JBJS: May 2004 - Volume 86 - Issue 5 - p 940–947.

[3]. Cobb TK, Morrey BF. Total elbow arthroplasty as primary treatment for distal humeral fractures in elderly patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:826–32.

[4]. Gambirasio R, Riand N, Stern R, Hoffmeyer P. Total elbow replacement for complex fractures of the distal humerus. An option for the elderly patient. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83:974–8.

[5]. Morrey BF. Total elbow arthroplasty for traumatic conditions. In: Morrey BF, editor. The elbow and its disorders. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2000..

Abstract: Introduction Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is very common following upper extremity trauma. For acromioclavicular joint dislocations that are Rookwood type III and above, surgical treatment is currently recommended. Aims & Objectives: To Analyze the functional outcome of Acromioclavicular joint injuries (dislocations) grade 3 to 6 which were treated surgically using a hook plate. Material & Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients treated with a hook plate for Acromioclavicular joint dislocation in our hospital from February 2011 to March 2014 There were total 30 cases of pure acromioclavicular joint dislocation without associated injuries, including 21 males, and 9 females; mean age was 48.27............

Keywords: Acromioclavicular joint, dislocation, hook plate, function, osteolysis, osteoarthritis

[1]. Adams FL. The Genuine Works of Hippocrates vols. 1 and 2. New York: William Wood; 1986.
[2]. Arenas AJ, Pampliega T, Iglesias J. Surgical management of bipolar clavicular dislocation. Acta Orthop Belg. 1993;59:202–205.
[3]. Trainer G, Arciero RA, Mazzocca AD. Practical management of grade III acromioclavicular separations. Clin J Sport Med. 2008;18(2):162–166. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e318169f4c1.
[4]. Motta P, Bruno L, Maderni A, et al. Acromioclavicular motion after surgical reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(6):1012–1018. doi: 10.1007/s00167-011-1627-5.
[5]. Mazzocca AD, Arciero RA, Bicos J. Evaluation and treatment of acromioclavicular joint injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(2):316–329. doi: 10.1177/0363546506298022

Abstract: Aim and objective - Nephrotic syndrome is a nonspecific disorder in which the kidneys are damaged, causing them to leak large amounts of protein (proteinuria at least 3.5 grams per day per 1.73m2 body surface area) from the blood into the urine. It is common among 2 – 6 years old boys. To diagnose childhood nephrotic syndrome precise urine protein excretion has to be measured for which 24 hrs urine sample needs to be collected. But the procedure 24 hrs urine sample collection of a child becomes very tedious and cumbersome and the exact volume may not be correctly collected leading in inaccurate estimation of protein excretion. So in our study we have done a comparative analysis of 24 hr urine protein levels and spot urine albumin creatinine ratio in patients and......

[1]. ISKDC: The primary nephrotic syndrome in children. Identification of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome from initial response to prednisone, J Pediatr 98 (4):561-64, 1981.
[2]. Nuria Montero, M. José Soler, M. José Pascual, Clara Barrios, Eva Márquez1, Eva Rodríguez, Ali Berrada, Marta Riera, Lluís Coca, M. Antonia Orfila, Julio Pascual. Correlation between the protein/creatinine ratio in spot urine and 24-hour urine protein. Nefrologia 2012;32(4):494-501.
[3]. Abitbol C, Zilleruelo G, Freundlich M, Strauss J. Quantitation of proteinuria with urinary protein/creatinine ratios and random testing with dipsticks in nephrotic children. J.Pediatr.1990 Feb;116(2):243-7.
[4]. Ginsberg JM, Chang BS, Matarese RA, Garella S. Use of single voided urine samples to estimate quantitative proteinuria. N Engl J Med. 1983 Dec 22;309(25):1543-6.
[5]. Veronica Verleine, Horbe Antunes, Francisco Jose, Verrisimo Veronese, Jose Vanildo Morales. Diagnostic accuracy of the protein/creatinine ratio in urine samples to estimate 24-h proteinuria in patients with primary glomerulopathies: a longitudinal study .Oxford journals medicines Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation; vol 23:issue 7, Pp.2242-2246...

Abstract: CONTEXT Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases reported all over the world and the disease spectrum ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis to cirrhosis . Fatty liver, the common term used for NAFLD has strong association with metabolic syndrome. Obesity, type-2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance is therefore evident in most of these patients. As there is a clear association of fatty liver disease being a part of spectrum of metabolic syndrome, NAFLD , an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. The CIMT is considered to be a non-invasive marker for atherosclerosis and the thickness is directly proportional to the presence of atherosclerosis in the coronary vessels and the severity of cardiovascular disease........

Key words: Non alcoholic fatty liver disease, Insulin resistance Carotid intima media thickness, Retinal artery changes.

[1]. Ables, G.P., 2012. Update on Pparγandnonalcoholic fatty liver disease. PPAR Res. 10.1155/2012/912351.
[2]. Aygun, C., O. Kocaman, T. Sahin, S. Uraz and A.T. Eminleret al., 2008.Evaluation of metabolic syndrome frequency and carotid artery intima-media thickness as risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Digestive Dis. Sci., 53: 1352-1357.
[3]. Babb, R.R., 2002. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N. Engl. J. Med., 346: 1221- 1231.
[4]. Ballestri, S., A. Lonardo, S. Bonapace, C.D. Byrne, P. Loria and G. Targher, 2014.Risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol., 20: 1724-1745. Int. J. Osteoporosis Metab. Disorders, 8 (2): 35-41, 2015 Bhatia, L.S., N.P. Curzen, P.C. Calder and C.D. Byrne, 2012. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
[5]. new and important cardiovascular risk factor? Eur. Heart J., 33: 1190-1200. Bots, M.L. and D.E. Grobbee, 2002. Intima media thickness as a surrogate marker for generalized atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther., 16: 341-351. Brea, A. and J. Puzo, 2013.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular risk...

Abstract: Introduction: Now a day's Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common entrapment neuropathy. The carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a medical condition that caused by compression of the median nerve as it travels through the wrist at the carpal tunnel. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to find out that short-term low-dose oral steroid is effective in the conservative treatment in mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome by evaluating nerve conducting responses. Methodology: This is a prospective case-control study. The study place was Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Duration of the study was one year. There were two groups of samples. One group........

Key words: Nerve Conduction Response, Low-Dose Oral Steroid, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS).

[1]. Naves, T. & Kouyoumdijan, J. Carpal tunnel syndrome in the elderly. Nerve conduction parameters. Arq Neuropsiquiatr68, 87–92 (2010).
[2]. Jablecki CK, Andary MT, Floeter MK, Miller RG, Quartly CA, Vennix MJ, W. J. Practice parameter: Electrodiagnostic studies in carpal tunnel syndrome: Report of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Academy of Neurology, and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Neurology58, 1589–1592 (2002).
[3]. Chang, M.-H., Ger, L.-P., Hsieh, P. F. & Huang, S.-Y. A randomised clinical trial of oral steroids in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome: a long term follow up. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry73, 710–4 (2002).
[4]. Herskovitz, S., Berger, A. R. & Lipton, R. B. Low-dose, short-term oral prednisone in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Neurology45, 1923–5 (1995).
[5]. Hui, A. C. et al. Oral steroid in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Ann. Rheum. Dis.60, 813–814 (2001)....

Abstract: Background: This study was done to find out the genetic cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia and determine the existing polymorphism. This can lead to opening of a new horizon in the field of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Study may provide basis for genetic counseling of these patients. Objective of study: The objective of the study is to find out new or existing gene which can cause hereditary spastic paraplegia .Find out the polymorphism in this gene which can lead to hereditary spastic paraplegia. Method: The present study was undertaken at Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Sir Sunderlal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was a cross sectional hospital based study over a period of 2 years. Ethical approval was obtained for study from institute. A written informed consent was obtained from the patients and........

Key words: Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia, Polymorphism, DNA, Exons, Pedigree, Gene

[1]. Deluca, G.C., Ebers, G.C., and Esiri, M.M. (2004). The extent of axonal loss in the long tracts in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 30, 576-584.
[2]. Braschinsky, M., Luus, S.M., Gross-Paju, K., and Haldre, S. (2009). The prevalence of hereditary spastic paraplegia and the occurrence of SPG4 mutations in Estonia. Neuroepidemiology 32, 89-93.
[3]. Schüle, R., and Schöls, L. (2011). Genetics of hereditary spastic paraplegias. Semin Neurol 31, 484-493.
[4]. Harding, A.E. (1983). Classification of the hereditary ataxias and paraplegias. Lancet 1, 1151-1155.
[5]. Kenwrick, S., Ionasescu, V., Ionasescu, G., Searby, C., King, A., Dubowitz, M., and Davies, K.E. (1986). Linkage studies of X-linked recessive spastic paraplegia using DNA probes. Hum Genet 73, 264-266...

Abstract: Background: Meningiomas are tumours that arise from a layer of tissue (the meninges) that covers the brain and spine. Most are considered "benign" because they are slow-growing with low potential to spread. Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at Department of neuropathology, Institute of neurosurgery MMC/RGGGH from January 2015 to December 2017.A total of 230 cases of meningiomas were reviewed and classified into grade I,II and III based upon WHO 2016 classification of tumors of CNS. IHC markers were done in deserving cases. Atypical and recurrent meningiomas were analysed and evaluated with proliferation markers and their biologic......

Key words: Meningioma, WHOgrade,atypical, skull base, nonskullbase,EMA,ki 67

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Abstract: Aims: Current study has been done to analyse the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a prognostic marker for pre-eclampsia and to substantiate the severity of preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcome. In this study serum maternal LDH levels was done after 32 weeks of gestation to evaluate the serum LDH as a predictive biochemical marker for feto-maternal outcome in pre-eclampsia. Method: In this study total 80 patients........

Key words: PREECLAMPSIA, FETO MATERNAL OUTCOME, LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE, BIOMARKER

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