iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2018

Abstract: Central pontine myelinolysis is a non-inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by loss of myelin with relative neuron sparing ,associated with rapid correction of hypernatremia and sometimes hypernatremia or chronic alcoholism .We are reporting a case of 52 year old male patient who was chronic alcoholic from past 20 yrs, who presented to us with complaints of altered sensorium and dysarthria of 5 days duration .He was investigated and diagnosed as case of central pontine myelinolysis associated with chronic alcoholism.

[1]. Koci TM, Chiang F, Chow P, et al. Thalamic extrapontine lesions in central pontine myelinolysis. Am J Neuroradiol 1990;11: 1229-1233.
[2]. Miller GM, Baker HL jun.., Okozaki H, Whisnant JP. Central pontine myelinolysis and its imitators: MR findings. Radiology 1988; 168:795-802.
[3]. Clark WR. Diffuse demyelinating lesions of the brain after the rapid development of hypernaetremia.
[4]. West J Med 1992;157:571-573.Howard LS, Krishna Rao CVG, Zimmerman RA. Cranial MRI and CT. Mc Graw-Hill, 1999:606-608.
[5]. Robin A. Hurley, Christopher M. Filley, Katherine H. Taber,Central Pontine Myelinolysis: A Metabolic Disorder of Myelin .J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 23:4, Fa11 2011, 369-374

Abstract: Aim: The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and prevalence of tobacco consumption among rural and urban school children aged 12-17years.Material&Mehotds: A descriptive questionnaire cross-sectional study was performed in rural and urban schools from March to June 2018. Total 2790 school children were included in study of both genders. The study was then conducted by enrolling the students, and collected data were analyzed by using appropriate statistical software. Results: Of the 2790 students, 740 students were aware that tobacco is hazardous to health and 810 students were aware about passive smoking exposure outside home.1040 students were aware of anti-tobacco warnings on tobacco packets and 430 students were ready to start........

Key words: Tobacco, school children, awareness, education, attitude

[1]. Hanspal R,Singh J,Choudhary SK,Bhanderi D,Singh J.TobaccoConsumption Practices among the School Students.
[2]. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco
[3]. Ballal K, Kulkarni M,Agrawal A,Kamath A,Kumar M. Knowledge and attitude regarding tobacco and its use among adolescent students. Ntl JCommunity Med 2016; 7(6):519-523.
[4]. Chadda RK, Sengupta SN. Tobacco use by Indian adolescents. Tobacco Induced Diseases 2002; 1(2): 111–119.
[5]. Basakhetre U, Jaiswal A, Deolia A, Sen S, Dawngliani M, Jaiswal A. Prevelance of Tobacco Use among School Children Reporting to Dental Hospital for Treatment. J Datta Meghe Inst Med Sci Univ 2017;12:242-45.

Abstract: Introduction: A ventral hernia is defined by a protrusion through the anterior abdominal wall fascia.1 These defects can be categorized as spontaneous or acquired or by their location on the abdominal wall. Epigastric hernias occur from the xiphoid process to the umbilicus, umbilical hernias occur at the umbilicus, and hypogastric hernias are rare spontaneous hernias that occur below the umbilicus in the midline Materials and Methods: 150 cases of ventral hernias treated in the department of General surgery at a tertiary care hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand from Jan 2017 to December 2017. Collection of data available in MRD for retrospective study. Collection of data as per the case proforma for prospective study. A patient with a diagnosis of ventral hernia, treated in the department of General Surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Jamshedpur......

Key Words: ventral hernia, incisional hernia, para-umbilical hernia, epigastric hernia

[1]. Ponka LJ. Hernias of the abdominal wall, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Publishers; 1980:492.
[2]. Abrahamson. J. Hernias in Maingots Abdominal Operations 10th Ed. McGraw-Hill; 2001;14:479-580.
[3]. Obney JA, Barnes MJ, Lisagor PG, Cohen DJ. A method for mediastinal drainage after cardiac procedures using small silastic drains. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;70(3):1109-10.
[4]. Akman PC. A Study of 500 incisional hernias, J Int Coll Surgs. 1962;37:125-42.
[5]. Read RC. The Development of Surgical herniography. surgical clinics of North America. 1984;64:185-96.
[6]. Bucknall TE, Cox PJ, Ellis H. Burst abdomen and incisional hernia: a prospective study of 1129 major laparotomies. Br Med J. 1982;284(6320):931-3...

Abstract: Introduction: Perforation peritonitis is the peritoneal inflammation due to reaction of peritoneal cavity to the contents of perforated viscus, namely, gastro intestinal tract, the biliary system, pancreas or genitourinary tract. Gastrointestinal perforations constitute one of the commonest surgical emergency encountered by surgeons.1,2 Since the perforations could be because of injury or lesions of viscus, these are amenable to surgical therapy. Management of these patients continues to be highly demanding despite advances made in diagnosis, surgical management, antibiotics therapy, correction of electrolyte balance and intensive care support. Materials and Methods: Present study was done on total 100 cases of perforation peritonitis, which were admitted in the department of general..........

Key Words: perforation peritonitis, NSAIDs, Wound infection and septicemia

[1]. Shinagawa N, Muramoto M, Sakurai S, Fukui T, Hon K, Taniguchi M, Mashita K, Mizuno A, Yura J: A bacteriological study of perforated duodenal ulcer. Jap J Surg 1991, 21:17.
[2]. Khanna AK, Mishra MK: Typhoid perforation of the gut. Postgraduate Medical Journal 1984, 60:523.
[3]. Noon GP, Beall AC, Jorden GL: Clinical evaluation of peritoneal irrigation with antibiotic solution. Surgery 1967, 67:73.
[4]. Jhobta RS, Attri AK, Kaushik R, Sharma R, Jhobta A : Spectrum of perforation peritonitis in India – Review of 504 consecutive cases. World Journal of Emergency Surgery 2006, 1:26
[5]. Crawfurd E, Ellis H: Generalized peritonitis-The changing spectrum. A report of 100 consecutive cases. Br J Clin Pract 1985, 5:177-78.

Abstract: Introduction: Pelvic pain is abdominal pain located below the level of the umbilicus including frequently lower back pain with or without radiation into the thighs.1 Acute pelvic pain generally implies pain that is of less than 3-month duration in a toxic, ill-appearing and unstable patient or chronic pain that is worsening. When a female in the reproductive age presents with acute pelvic and/or lower abdominal pain, the first diagnoses to consider are those that are life-threatening and would require urgent and/or emergent surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 200 female patients in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology of Medical College, MGM Medical College and hospital during the period from September 2016 to August 2017. The study was divided into two groups: Group 1 included the patients those whose underlying complaint which was backache...........

Keywords: Pelvic pain, chronic pain, worsening

[1]. Long WN. Pelvic Pain. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, eds. Clinical methods: the history, physical, and laboratory examinations. Boston: Butterworths Ch. 171, 1990;3rd edn:p 805-6.
[2]. Zafar N, Kupesic Plavsic S. Role of ultrasound in the evaluation of acute pelvic pain in nonpregnant reproductive age patients. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynaecol 2012;6(2):207-17.
[3]. Geofry L, Chigozie NI, Yusuf FA, et al. Pattern of gynaecological pelvic ultrasound findings among women with pelvic pain in a tertiary hospital in kano north western Nigeria. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2015;14(7):79-82.
[4]. Andreotti RF, Lee SI, DeJesus Allison SO, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pelvic pain in the reproductive age group. Ultrasound Q 2011;27(3):205-10..

Abstract: Introduction: Thyroid disorder is most common in women's as compare to male population. In females, this is the most common endocrine disorder during pregnancy resulting into abnormal maternal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is associated with profound changes in thyroid function. Many studies have reported that thyroid prevalence shows variation with age, sex, dietary habits, stress and geographical location. Materials and methods: This study is an observational study carried on 600 women coming for antenatal check-up in Tertiary Care Hospital in Jamshedpur from January 2017-December 2017. All women who were included in this study were.......

Key words: Thyroid Disease, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy

[1]. Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Thyroid disease in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:1283-92.
[2]. Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Byrd EW, Leveno KJ, et al. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. ObstetGynecol2005;105:239-45.
[3]. Abalovich M, Gutierrex S, Alcaraz G, Maccallini G, Garcia A, Levalle O. Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism complicating pregnancy. Thyroid 2002;12:63–68.
[4]. Negro R, Formoso G, Mangieri T, Pezzarossa A, Sazzi D, Hassan H. Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: effects on obstetrical complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:2587–91.
[5]. Mestman JH. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998;27:127–49. doi:10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70303-0 ....

Abstract: Introduction: Osteoporosis is defined as a progressive, systemic, skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissues with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.1 Studies have shown that bone loss starts from the age of 20–40 years in both men and women. In women, it has been postulated that menopause is followed by an immediate decrease in bone mass and density within a year. Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study done over a period of 12 months at M.G.M Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand..........

Key words: QUS, Osteoporosis, menopause

[1]. Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA (1997) World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporosis Int 7: 407–413.
[2]. Johnell O, Kanis JA (2004) An estimate of the worldwide prevalence, mortality and disability associated with hip fracture. Osteoporosis Int 15: 897–902.
[3]. Kanis JA (2007) WHO Technical Report. University of Sheffield, UK: 66.Osteoporosis foundation factsheet.
[4]. Riggs LB, Peck WA, NH Bell (1991) Physician's Resource Manual on Osteoporosis: A Decision-Making Guide. National Osteoporosis Foundation, Washington, DC 2: 1-38.
[5]. M Anburajan (1999) "Evaluation of Osteoporosis using conventional radiographic methods and dual energy x – ray absorptiometry", Ph D Thesis, Anna University, Chennai, India...

Abstract: Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are the most common causes of adverse maternal & perinatal outcomes. Such investigations in resource limited settings would help to have great design strategies in preventing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based study done in M.G.M Medical College, Jamshedpur, by evaluating the records of women who had delivered in our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017. All women who presented with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and delivered in the hospital and whose records were complete, were included in the study and divided into 5 groups namely, Gestational hypertension (GH), Mild pre-eclampsia (PE), Severe............

Key words: Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Gestational hypertension (GH), Mild pre-eclampsia (PE), Severe pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia (CHPE).

[1]. Lippincott W & Wilkins (2014) Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. In: Barton JR, et al. (Eds.), Manual of Obstetrics. (8th edn) Wolters Kluver Health, Philadelphia, USA, pp. 183-195.
[2]. Berzan E, Doyle R, Brown CM (2014) Treatment of preeclampsia: current approach and future perspectives. Curr Hypertens Rep 16(9): 473.
[3]. World Health Organisation (2005) The world health report 2005- Make every mother and child count. World Health Organization, Geneva.
[4]. Rosenberg T, Garbers S, Lipkind H, Chiasson M (2005) Maternal Obesity and Diabetes as Risk Factors for Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Differences among 4 Racial/Ethnic Groups. Am J Public Health 95(9): 1545-1551.
[5]. Wagner LK (2004) Diagnosis and management of preeclampsia. American Family Physician 70(12): 2317-2324.

Abstract: In India, incidence of tuberculosis is very high.However Tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of aorta is an unusual entity, with only 100 cases reported till now and even less have been related to involvement of spine . Tuberculous aneurysms of the aorta are also highly susceptible to rupture. These complications are treatable, but may be fatal if not treated properly. We in this case report, describe a case of tuberculous pseudoaneurysm of descending abdominal aorta associated with military tuberculosis and vertebral involvement.

Key words:Tuberculosis, Pseudoaneursym, Aorta.

[1]. Kamen L. Aortenruptur auf tuberculosergrundlage. BeitrPatholAnat 1895;17:416–9.

[2]. Silbergleit A, Arbulu A, Defever BA et al. Tuberculous aortitis: surgical resection of ruptured abdominal false aneurysm. JAMA 1965;193:333-5. [PubMed]

[3]. Haythorn SR. Tuberculosis of the large arteries. JAMA 1913;60:1413–16.

[4]. Gajraj A, Victor S. Tuberculous aorta arteritis. Clin Radiol 1981;32:461–6. doi:10.1016/S0009-9260(81)80307-8 [PubMed]

[5]. Long R, Guzman R, Greenberg H, et al. Tuberculous mycotic aneurysm of the aorta: review of published medical and surgical experience. Chest 1999;115:522–31. [PubMed].

Abstract: Bones are population-specific.Racial,regional and gender variation exists in skeletal components of bones .The present study was undertaken to observe the relationship between the cranial index and the incidence of wormian bones and to study the sexual dimorphism with regards to wormian bones inadult human dry skull.This study included 103 dried human skulls taken from the department of anatomy, GVPIHC&MT, Visakhapatnam.The bones were separated into male and female and divided into three categories based on their cranial index i.e. normal (CI<81), brachycephalic (CI 81-93) and severely brachycephalic (CI >93).Out of 103 skulls, 73 (70.8%) showed...........

Key words: brachycephaly, lambdoid,pterion, sagittal suture, sexual dimorphism, wormian bone.

[1]. Harper, C.; Krill, J.; Raven, D. & Jones, N. Intracranial cavity volumes: a new method and its potential applications. Neuropathol. Appl.Neurobiol., 10:25-32, 1984.
[2]. Shah, G. V. &Jadhav, H. R. The study of cephalic index in students of Gujarat. J. Anat. Soc. India, 53:25-26, 2004.
[3]. Rakosi T, Jonas I, Graber T. Cephalic index. In: Rakosi T, Jonas I, Graber T, eds. Orthodontic Diagnosis. Colour Atlas of Dental Medicine. 1st ed. Germany: Thieme; 1993.
[4]. Nayak SB. Multiple Wormian bones at the lambdoid suture in an Indian skull. Neuroanatomy 2008;7:52-53.
[5]. Williams, P.; Dyson, M.; Dussak, J. E.; Bannister, L. H.;Berry, M.M.; Collins, P. & Ferguson, M. W. J. Gray's anatomy. In. Skeletal system. 38thEdn.;ElbswithChurchill Livingston, London, 1995. pp. 607-12.

Abstract: Background: Over 12 Million Indians Are Afflicted With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection, Says WHO. Prevalence Of HCV In Healthy Blood Donors Represents Prevalence Of Carrier State In The Population. High Rate Of Anti-HCV Antibody Positivity, Which Is Seen In Individuals Who Are Transfused Multiple Times, Is An Indicator Of Risk Of Contracting HCV By Blood Transfusion. Methods: All Voluntary Donors Reporting To The Blood Bank Were Screened For HCV Antibodies By Using The Appropriate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The Study Was Designed For Duration Of Eight And A Half Years Between January 2010 To June 2018. Medical Reports Of The Donors Were Accessed From The Blood Bank Records And Analyzed..........

Key words: ELISA, Hepatitis C Virus, Voluntary Blood Donor

[1]. Shekhar, S. (2018). Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Indian Sub-Continent, 83-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803233-6.00008-4
[2]. Lemon SM, Walker C, Alter MJ, Min Kyung Y. Hepatitis C virus. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Field's Virology. 5th ed. Netherlands, Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. pp. 1253–304
[3]. Ramya SR , Kulkarni M. Hepatitis C Virus- Epidemiology and Genotyping. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 3 Ver. VIII (Mar. 2015), PP 29-34
[4]. Khodabandehloo M, Roshani D, Sayehmiri K. Prevalence and trend of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Res Med Sci. 18(8) 2013 Aug, 674–682.
[5]. Giri P A, Deshpande J D, Phalke D B, Karle L B. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors at a tertiary care teaching hospital in rural area of India. J Family Med Prim Care. 1(11), 2012 Jan-Jun, 48–51

Abstract: Lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) is a common mode of delivery now and surgical site infection is the third most common infectious complication in these patients. Aim & objectives: This study was planned with this background to have a comprehensive approach to SSI following LSCS. Methods: 100 consecutive patients undergoing LSCS, irrespective of indication who developed SSI,were studied. A questionnaire was developed to assess the risk factors associated with development of SSI. All patients were followed up from day one of surgery till discharge postoperative day 30. Results: SSI was identified in (70%) out of 100 patients with SSI. In all age groups,Gram-negative bacilli were the commonest finding. The commonest isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae............

Key words: surgical site infections, LSCS, risk factors, antibiogram.

[1]. Nguhuni B, De Nardo P, Gentilotti E, Chaula Z, Damian C, Mencarini P, Nicastri E, Fulment A, Piscini A, Vairo F, Aiken AM. Reliability and validity of using telephone calls for post-discharge surveillance of surgical site infection following caesarean section at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 2017 May 8;6(1):43.
[2]. Bagnall NM, Vig S, Trivedi P. Surgical-site infection. Surgery (Oxford). 2009 Oct 31;27(10):426-30.
[3]. Rothe C, Schlaich C, Thompson S. Healthcare-associated infections in sub-Saharan Africa. J Hosp Infect. 2013;85(4):257–67.
[4]. Halwani MA, Turnbull AE, Harris M, Witter F, Perl TM. Postdischarge surveillance for infection following cesarean section: a prospective cohort study comparing methodologies. American journal of infection control. 2016 Apr 1;44(4):455-7.
[5]. Mpogoro FJ, Mshana SE, Mirambo MM, Kidenya BR, Gumodoka B, Imirzalioglu C. Incidence and predictors of surgical site infections following caesarean sections at Bugando medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2014; 3:25..

Abstract: Background: The degree of liver dysfunction in children with dengue infection varies from mild injury with elevation of transaminases to severe injury with jaundice and liver cell failure. This study was undertaken to study the liver profile in children with dengue infection. Methods: It is a cross sectional observational study conducted in serologically positive dengue fever in children aged between 1-12years. Hepatic function was studied in all suspected cases over a period of 1 year from December 2016 to November 2017. Results: Out of 52 cases 35 had dengue.........

[1]. Kuo CH, Tai DI, Chang-chen CS, Lan CK, Chious SS, LiawYF.Liver biochemical tests and dengue fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 47:265-70
[2]. .PetdachaiW.Hepaticdysfunctionin children with dengue shock syndrome.Dengue bulletin 2005;29;112-7
[3]. kumar R,Tripathi P,Tripathi s et al. Prevalence of dengue in North Indian children with acute liver failure.an hepatol 2008 7(1):59-62
[4]. World Health Organization.Dengue: Guideline for diagnosis ,treatment prevention and control.Geneva:world health organisation ;2009
[5]. de Souza LJ, Nogueira RM, Soares LC, Soares CE, Ribas BF, Alves FP, et al. The impact of dengue on liver function as evaluated by aminotransferase levels. Braz J Infect Dis. 2007;11:407-410.

Abstract: Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) account for around 15% of all nosocomial infections. In the recent years there has been a growing prevalence of Gram negative organisms as a cause of serious infections in many hospitals. In addition irrational use of broad spectrum antibiotics and resulting antimicrobial resistance has further deteriorated the condition in this regard. Aim: The study aimed to identify bacterial etiology of surgical site infections and their antibiogram in an attempt to develop comprehensive treatment protocol. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda Hospital and University, Greater Noida, over a period of one year from January 2014 to December...........

Key words: Surgical site infections, Nosocomial infections, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

[1]. Watanabe A, Kohnoe S, Shimabukuro R, et al. Risk factors associated with surgical site infection in upper and lower gastrointestinal surgery. Surg Today. 2008;38:404–412.
[2]. Budhani D, Kumar S, Sayal P, Singh S. Bacteriological profile and antibiogram of surgical site infection/ post-operative wound infection. Int J Med Res Rev 2016;4(11):1994-1999.
[3]. Ahmed MI. Prevalence of nosocomial wound infection among postoperative patients and antibiotics patterns at teaching hospital in Sudan. N Am J Med Sci. 2012;4(1):29–34.
[4]. Mulu W, Kibru G, Beyene G, Datie M. Postoperative nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates among patients admitted at FelegeHiwot Referral Hospital, Bahirdar, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2012;22(1):7–18.
[5]. Dryden MS. Skin and soft tissue infection: microbiology and epidemiology. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2009 Jul;34 Suppl 1:S2-7..

Abstract: Microbial keratitis is a significant public health problem, and numerous studies have been performed describing the microbiology of corneal infection. On a global level, predisposing risk factors for microbial keratitis vary tremendously with geographical location. Although non-surgical trauma to the eye accounted for 48.6–65.4% of all corneal ulcers in the developing countries of Nepal and India, non-surgical eye trauma accounted for only 27% of all cases. Our study was conducted between June 2017 to December 2017 in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical college Hospital, Salem, Tamilnadu, based on patients presenting with corneal ulcers. This study conducted on diabetic patients presented with keratitis caused by various microbiologic agents and relates to its predisposing factors..

[1]. Vajpayee RB, Dada T, Saxena R, et al. Study of the first contact management profile of cases of infectious keratitis: a hospital-based study. Cornea 2000; 19:52–6.
[2]. Erie JC, Nevitt MP, Hodge DO, et al. Incidence of ulcerative keratitis in a defined population from 1950 through 1988. Arch Ophthalmology 1993; 111:1665–71.
[3]. Gudmundsson OG, Ormerod LD, Kenyon KR, et al. Factors influencing predilection and outcome in bacterial keratitis. Cornea 1989; 8:115–21.
[4]. Dart JK, Stapleton F, Minassian D. Contact lenses and other risk factors in microbial keratitis. Lancet 1991; 338:650–3.
[5]. Liesegang TJ. Contact lens-related microbial keratitis: Part II: Pathophysiology. Cornea 1997; 16:265–73..

Abstract: Introduction: Labour pain is considered as one amongst the severe pains and managed usually by pharmacological method. The role of nonpharmacologic method-intradermal sterile water administration in the sacral region has the benefit of being nonintrusive, low-cost, simple, effective, and without serious adverse effects . Aim: To assess............

Key words: non pharmacological labour labour analgesia, intradermal sterile water administration

[1]. R. Melzack, R. Kinch, P. Dobkin, M. Lebrun, and P. Taenzer ;Severity of labour pain: influence of physical as well as psychologic variables. Can Med Assoc J. 1984 Mar 1; 130(5): 579–584.

[2]. Waldenstrom U, Borg I. M, Olsson B, Skold M, Wall S. The childbirth experience: A study of 295 mothers. Birth. 1996; 23:144–153.

[3]. Stitzel, Robert E. (2004). Modern pharmacology with clinical applications (6 ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 325. ISBN 9780781737623
[4]. Simkin P. Reducing pain and enhancing progress in labor: A guide to nonpharmacologic methods for maternity caregivers. Birth. 1995;22(3):161–170) .
[5]. Saxena K N, Batra S ; Intracutaneous Injections of Sterile Water over the Secrum for Labour Analgesia.Indian journal of anaesthesia 53(2): 2009, 169-73 ·

Abstract: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Gastroenterology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, from July 2017 to December 2017 to find out the sensitivity of thickened renal fascia in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis at CT. Total 50 patients (mean age was 41.64 years with range from 18 to 65 years, 34M/ 16F) with clinical suspicion of acute pancreatitis included in this study after analyzing selection criteria. Total 32(64%) of the 50 clinically suspected cases were diagnosed as acute pancreatitis according to the criteria mentioned in material and methods. The mean thickness of renal fascia in acute pancreatitis was 7.20 ± 3.32 mm..........

Key words: Thickened renal fascia, Acute pancreatitis.

[1]. Lenhart, DK & Balthazar, EJ, 2008, 'MDCT of Acute Mild (Nonnecrotizing) Pancreatitis: Abdominal Complications and Fate of Fluid Collections, AJR, 190:643–649.
[2]. Hayes, PC, Simpson, KJ & Garden, ID, Paterson-Brown ,S,(eds), Davidson's principles and practical medicine, 21thedn. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p.888.
[3]. Matull, WR, Pereira , SP & O'Donohu, JW, 2006, 'Biochemical markers of acute pancreatitis, J ClinPathol, 59:340-344.
[4]. Murfitt,J,2002,The Pancreas, Sutton, D ,Robinson, PJA, Jenkins, JPR, Whitehouse ,RW & Stevens, JM(eds),Textbook of radiology and imaging , 7thedn, Churchill Livingstone, London, p.787.
[5]. Imamura, Y, Hirota, M, Ida, S, Hayashi, N, Watanabe, M, Takamori, H, Awai, K&Baba, H, 2010, 'Significance of Renal Rim Grade on Computed Tomography in Severity Evaluation of Acute Pancreatitis', Pancreas,39(1):41-6..

Abstract: Objectives: Is to find the incidence of patients with Multinodular Goitre (MNG) and study thyroid gland diseases. Methods and Materials: Patients with signs and symptoms of multinodular thyroid swelling for a period of 2 yrs in GMKMCH SALEM through proper history taking and clinical examination. Results: MNG is more common among female with a ratio of 7:1 compared to male and Secondary thyrotoxicosis is seen in 32% (16%) of patients. Conclusion: Thyrotoxicosis is seen more in malignant patients (40%) than in benign diseases (31%). Incidence of MNG was about 10% and can also occur on post-operative patients..

Key words: Multinodular goitre (MNG), Benign, Malignant, Thyrotoxicosis.

[1]. Decker Gag, Plessus D.J.Du; The thyroid thymus and parathyroid glands Chapter 17, Lee Mc Gregors Synopsis of Surgical anatomy; 10th edition, Bombay, India 1995; pp 198-205.
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[3]. Boydwillium. Textbook of pathology. Thyroid chapter 37, 8th edition, Henry Kimpkin, London UK 1970, pp 1065- 1089.
[4]. Pasieka JL, Zedenius J, Auer G, et al. Addition of nuclear DNA content to the AMES risk group classification for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 1992.
[5]. Sokal JE, Incidence of malignancy in toxic and in toxic nodular goitre. JAMA ,1954;154:1321-1325.

Abstract: This study was aimed to analyze the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) of antibacterial activity between 37 curcumin analog compounds against S. aureus, B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae. The new compound wassynthesizedbased on QSAR studiesthen evaluate its antibacterial activity compound against S. aureus, B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae. Structure of curcumin analogues were geometry optimized.Variable selection used Systematic Search (SS) technique with Build QSAR application. Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (MLR) techniquewas used to select the descriptors and generate the equation. The compound result from QSAR was synthesized by aldol condensation reaction. TLC, melting point and GCMS were used to confirm the purity of compound. Antibacterial activity was determined using liquid dilution towards S. aureus, B. subtilis and K. pneumoniae. The antibacterial activity was..........

Key words: QSAR, curcuminanalog, antibacterial activity

[1]. Sardjiman, Synthesis of Some Series of Curcumin Analogs, Antioxidative, Antiinflamatory, Antibacterial Activities and Qualitative Structure-Activity Relationships, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 2000.
[2]. Mehvish Saleem, Betty Daniel, Murli K, Antimicrobial Activity Of Three Different Rhizomes Of Curcuma Longa & Curcuma Aromatica On Uropathogens Of Diabetic Patients, Int J Pharm Pharm Sci; vol 3; issue 4; 273-279, 2011.
[3]. Pranowo, H.D., Tahir, I., Widiatmoko, A., Quantitative Relationship Of Electronic Structure And Inhibition Activity Of Curcumin Analogs On Ethoxyresorufin O-Dealkylation (EROD) Reaction, Indonesia, J. Chem. 7, 78–82, 2010.
[4]. Istyastono, E.P., Martono, S., Pranowo, H.D., Tahir, I., Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Curcumin and Its Derivatives as GST Inhibitors Based on Computational Chemistry Calculation. Indonesia, J. Chem, 3; 179–186, 2013.
[5]. Sudarmanto, B.S.A., Study QSAR of Curcumin Analogues as Antioxidative using Descriptor based on Chemical quantum, Yogyakarta, 2002..