iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND : Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease requiring prolonged treatment. Poor adherence to a prescribed treatment increases the risk of morbidity, mortality, and spread of disease in the community Further poor adherence to treatment leads to emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacilli, so ensuring compliance is of utmost importance to control TB and halt the MDR TB epidemic at its beginning. So there is continuing need to sustain and further intensify the actions being undertaken to reduce default. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study various factors associated with non compliance to DOTS. MATERIAL AND METHODS......

Key words: DOTS, tuberculosis, non-compliance, compliance, defaulter

[1]. Jaggarajamma K, Sudha G, Chandrasekaran V, Nirupa C, Thomas A, Santha T, et al. Reasons for non compliance among patients treated under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP), Tiruvallur district, South India. Indian J Tuberc. 2007;54:130–5.[PubMed]

[2]. TB - A Global Emergence. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1994. World Health Organization. WHO/TB/94.177.

[3]. Dhuria M, Sharma N, Ingle GK. Impact of tuberculosis on the quality of life. Indian J Community Med. 2008;33:58–9. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

[4]. Central TB Division, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Nirman Bhavan, New Delhi. TB India 2014. Revised National TB Control Programme. Annual Status Report. Reach the Unreached. Find, Treat, Cure TB, Save Lives.2014. [Last accessed on 2014 Dec 26]. pp. 7–59. Available from: http://www.tbcindia.nic.in .

[5]. Chhaya Mittal, SC Gupta. Noncompliance to DOTS: How it can be Decreased. Indian J Community Med. 2011 Jan-Mar; 36(1): 27–30.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-operative hypocalcemia is a common event after extensive thyroid surgery. It can be transient or permanent. It can symptomatic or asymptomatic.symptomatic patients can present with mild or severe symptoms accordinlg to which correction of serum calcium levels may be required. AIMS: Our study is to evaluate the incidence of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy,to analyse the severity of presentation and to study about various modalities of treatment available. METHODS: The study was..............

Key words:Hypocalcemia,Parathyroid,Thyroid,vitamin D,

[1]. Hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy: a clinical biological study and surgical considerations.Sturniolo G, Lo Schiavo MG, Tonante A, D'Alia C, Bonanno L.Int J Surg Investig. 2000; 2(2):99-105.

[2]. Hypocalcemia following total thyroidectomy: early factors predicting long-term outcome. Pisanu A, Piu S, Cois A, Uccheddu A.G Chir. 2005 Apr; 26(4):131-4.

[3]. [Parathyroid hypofunction after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma--perspectives after long term observation and treatment]. Godlewska P, Kaniewski M, Stachlewska-Nasfeter E, Bisz D, Łyczek J.Wiad Lek. 2001; 54 Suppl 1:398-404.

[4]. Predictors of postoperative hypocalcemia occurring after a total thyroidectomy: results of prospective multicenter study. Eismontas V, Slepavicius A, Janusonis V, Zeromskas P, Beisa V, Strupas K, Dambrauskas Z, Gulbinas A, Martinkenas A.BMC Surg. 2018 Aug 9; 18(1):55. Epub 2018 Aug 9............

Abstract: The aim was to study the distribution of morphological pattern of Benign and Malignant ovarian neoplasm in different age groups in a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad and to provide specific diagnosis based on histomorphology.The Data pertaining to sample of received for histopathological evaluation at the laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in Ahmedabad. Over a priod of 2 year( from June - 2016 to June 2018) all the relavant data of patients analysed from hospital record file. A total of 105 cases with ovarian lesion were seen from the year (june-..........

Keyword- corpus luteal cyst, mucinous cyst adenoma, neoplasm

[1]. Sikdar K, Kumar P, Roychowdhary NN. A study of ovarian malignancy: A review of 149 cases. J Obstetric Gynaecology India. 1981;30:478–80.
[2]. Zaman S; Majid S, Hussain M, Chughtai O, Mahboob J, Chughtai S. A retrospective study of ovarian tumours and tumour like lesion. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2010;22:104-8
[3]. Kayastha S. Study of ovarian tumours in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Nepal Med Coll J 2009;11:200-2.
[4]. Cho KR, Shih Iem. Ovarian cancer. Annu Rev Pathol 2009;4:287-313.
[5]. Stany MP, Hamilton CA. Benign disorders of the Ovary. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2008;35:271-84..

Abstract: Biopsy is a valuable aid in diagnosis of diseases which consists of obtaining a specimen of living tissue in order to study its structure, both macro and microscopically. This procedure makes it possible to confirm or deny a diagnosis, as well as to determine the nature and characteristics of the lesion to establish a final diagnosis. As with any disease process in dentistry and medicine, prevention is the best form of therapy and early diagnosis and treatment is the best way of managing pathologic entities. The present paper provides an update on the different biopsy techniques and their indications.........

Key words: Biopsy, oral biopsy, surgical considerations in biopsy, oral diagnosis.

[1]. Sinaniotis CA and Sinaniotis AC. Community-acquired pneumonia in children. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2005; 11: 218-25
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Abstract: This article mainly concerns with mathematical modeling in medicine. There is one area in medicine namely pharmacy-kinetics which have already been mathematic zed. There are large areas in medical science which are not amenable to mathematical treatment, and modeling constantly endeavor to widen the areas to which mathematical techniques can be applied for gaining a better insight, and help deepen our understanding of those areas which have already been mathematic zed. The skills needed to be successful in applying mathematics are quite different from those needed to understand concepts, to prove theorems or to solve equations. The difficulty is not in learning and understanding the mathematics involved but in seeing where and how to apply it. In this paper an attempt is made to demonstrate the essentials of mathematical modeling without going deep in to the details on specialized topics.............

Key words: mathematical modeling, medical sciences.

[1]. Bacha F, Lee S, Gungor N, Arslanian SA. From pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes in obese youth: pathophysiological characteristics along the spectrum of glucose dysregulation. Diabetes Care. Oct 2010;33(10):2225-31.
[2]. Dr.Mohankumar, Dr.S.Arulmozhi. Diabetes in elderly: Pulmonary complications in elderly diabetics. Micro labs Ltd.Bangalore:2005;
[3]. Philippe MF, Benabadji S, Barbot-Trystram L, et al. Pancreatic volume and endocrine and exocrine functions in patients with diabetes. Pancreas. Apr 2011;40(3):359-63.
[4]. Walter.E.Robert, Alexa Beiser, Rachel J, Givelber, George T, O'Connor, et al. Association between glycemic state and lung function. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:911-916.
[5]. lange P.Diabetes mellitus, plasma glucose and lung function in a cross sectional population study.Eur Respir J 1989:2:14-19

Abstract: Background: Enchondroma of the hand is a rare benign tumor composed of mature cartilage. The treatment for this tumor type is usually surgery. Surgery includes curettage, curettage with bone grafting or bone cement. Materials and methods: This prospective study involves 11 patients with enchondroma of hand operated by curettge and autologous bone grafting between May 2015 to May 2017. Results: 10 patients had no restriction of movement, while 1 patient had a flexion deformity of 10degree. No patient had any local tumour recurrence or residual swelling. Conclusion: We conclude that curettage followed by autologous bone grafting is a very good method of treating enchondroma of hand..

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[2]. Huvos AG (1991) Solitary enchondroma. In: Huvos AG, ed. Bone Tumors. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. Philadelphia: Saunders Co:268 –276.
[3]. Unni KK. Chondroma. In: Unni KK, e (1996) Dahlin's Bone Tumors. General Aspects and Data on 11,087 Cases. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Co:25–40.
[4]. Noble J, Lamb DW(1974) Enchondromata of bones of the hand. A review of 40 cases. Hand;6:275–84.
[5]. Sassoon AA, Fitz-Gibbon PD, Harmsen WS, Moran SL,(2012) Enchondromas of the hand: Factors affecting recurrence, healing, motion, and malignant transformation, J Hand Surg Am 37(6):1229–1234.

Abstract: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic condition with high morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess clinical predictive factors for intensive care admission and hemodialysis among patients with severe leptospirosis. This was an observational longitudinal study in which all patients with severe leptospirosis admitted to a tertiary hospital and receiving intensive care and hemodialysis owing to kidney injury were included in the study. 104 patients were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 33 ± 9.8 years, of which 53% were males and the remaining 47% were females. Most common predictors for ICU care were hypotension, tachypnoea, impaired LFT and coagulation parameters and oliguria (acute kidney injury). Conclusions: Predictive factors for ICU admission in leptospirosis include oliguria, impaired coagulation profile and liver function tests, tachypnoea and hypotension.

Key words: Leptospirosis, intensive care, acute kidney injury, haemodialysis.

[1]. World Health Organisation: http://www.who.int/zoonoses/diseases/leptospirosis/en/ accessed December 2011.
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[5]. Kularatne SA, Budagoda BD, de Alwis VK, Wickramasinghe WM, Bandara JM, Pathirage LP, Gamlath GR, Wijethunga TJ, Jayalath WA, Jayasinghe C, Pinto V, Somaratne P, Kumarasiri PV: High efficacy of bolus methylprednisolone in severe leptospirosis: a descriptive study in Sri Lanka. Postgrad Med J 2011, 87:13–17.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Non specific abdominal pain is a diagnostic challenge; such patients frequently seen by many physician & undergoing vast diagnostic workup without making definitive diagnosis at the end & got unsatisfactory discharge, render the patient for readmission with the similar complaints later on with additional psychological embarrasment.Incorporation of laparoscopy earlier(within 24 hrs.) not only make definitive diagnosis but mostly at same time therapeutic too & avoiding unnecessary laparotomies; saves time,cost, avoiding unnecessary investigations, reducing hospital stay, readmission rates, mental /psychological satisfaction to patient & allow the surgeon........

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[4]. Graham A,Henley C, Mobley J. Laparoscopic evaluation of acute abdominal pain. J.LaparoendoscSurg1991;1:165-8.
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Abstract: Introduction: Vaginal infections are common among women of reproductive age. Among the more frequent microorganisms are the Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Candida spp. Both of these sexually transmissible infections are associated with enhanced susceptibility to HIV infections and adverse health outcomes. Adequate investigation and proper treatment will reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. Aim: The aim of our study is to focus on the prevalence of T. vaginalis and Candida infection in non-pregnant women and also to verify the coexistence of these two agents and other social and demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The study was planned as a cross sectional observational study. 201 women with symptomatic vaginal discharge attending the Obstetric and Gynaecological.........

Key words:vulvovaginal candidiasis, Trichomonas vaginalis, non pregnant women, socioeconomic

[1]. Mateus De Paula Glehn,Lana Cristina Evangelista Sa Ferreira, Hian Delfino Ferreira Da Silva, Eleuza Rodrigues Machado.
Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Candida albicans among Brazilian Women of Reproductive Age. Journal of Clinical and
Diagnostic Research. 2016 Nov;vol 10(11):LC24-LC27
[2]. Kaul P, Gupta I, Sehgal R, Malla N. Trichomonas vaginalis: random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of isolates from
symptomatic and asymptomatic women in India. Parasitol Int. 2004;262:253-5
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Trichomonas vaginalis. J. Clin.Micribiol. 30:702-706
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Apr;v.11(2):300-17
[5]. Hobbs Marcia M and Sena Arlene C. Modern diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. Sex Transm Infect. 2013 September;
89(6): 434-438.doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051057

Abstract: An accident usually happens due a judgmental error of either of the drivers or the driver alone. Factors like vehicle repairs, bad weather or roads related can be a cause but driver related is the most deciding factor. And an altered judgment is caused by influence of alcohol and other recreational drugs. Our study aim was to see any correlation of alcohol consumption and non fatal, non grievous injuries presenting to the causality of a tertiary teaching hospital. We have analyzed the records and questioning the patients and found that most of them were men and the active productive age group is involved, injuries ranging from abrasions to head injuries. And mostly due to acute binging or usual drinking patterns..

[1]. Cherpitel CJ, Bond J, Ye Y, Borges G, Room R, Poznyak V, Hao W. Multi-level analysis of causal attribution of injury to alcohol
and modifying effects: Data from two international emergency room projects. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 May 20; 82(3):258-68.
Epub 2005 Oct 27.
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Health Organization, 2002.
[5]. Guilherme Borges et al, Multicentre study of acute alcohol use and non-fatal injuries: data from the WHO collaborative study on
alcohol and injuries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2006; 84:453-460

Abstract: Background: To study the association between lipid profile and thyroid hormones in early pregnancy Aims:To investigate lipid profiles and thyroid hormones, US -TSH , FT4, FT3 during early pregnancy. To find out the association between thyroid dysfunction and serum lipid levels during early pregnancy. Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal during the period of July 2015 to January 2016. A total of four hundred and ninety seven pregnant women within the first twelve weeks of gestation were the study..........

Key words:Subclinical hypothyroid, thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, Euthyroid, Dyslipidemia, Triglycerides, Total cholesterol..

[1]. Prasad R and Kumar V. Thyroid hormones increase Na+-Pi co-transport activity in intestinal brush border membrane: role of
membrane lipid composition and fluidity. Molecular and cellular Biochemistry. 2005;278(1-2):195-202
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Diabetes and Obesity, 2010;17(5):408-418.
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adults participating in the SU.VI.MAX study. Annaled`Endocrinologie.2004;65(6):477-486.

Abstract: Background: Vitamin B12 is one of the essential Vitamin s for protein biosynthesis, cell division and optimal systemic function, particularly for nervous system and blood. Diagnosis and treatment are delayed because of symptoms not specific to Vitamin B12 deficiency, normal blood count and lack of awareness. Metformin (Glucophage) is a popular and highly effective oral anti-diabetic drug used for type II diabetes. However, long-term use of Metformin may interfere with Vitamin B12 absorption which may lead to Vitamin B12 deficiency.  Objectives: To assess the awareness of Vitamin B12 deficiency and its effects on the body among diabetic type II patients taking...........

Key words: Metformin,Vitamin B12 deficiency, Diabetes type II and T2DM

[1]. A.K.M. A-M, A.A. A-A, M.A. A, K.A. A-F, A. A-M, R.M. H. Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with normal blood count. Blood. 2013;122(21).
[2]. Ko S-H, Ko S-H, Ahn Y-B, Song K-H, Han K-D, Park Y-M, et al. Association of vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin use in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Korean Med Sci. 2014;29(7):965–72.
[3]. Reinstatler L, Qi YP, Williamson RS, Garn J V, Oakley GP. Association of biochemical B12 deficiency with metformin therapy and vitamin B12 supplements The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2006. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(2):327–33.
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Abstract: BackgroundRecent epidemiological reports established that there is an increase in the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in young patients. Some report this to be in the absence of contributing habits such as smoking and alcohol use. Few reports of such a nature have reported a similar trend in South Africa. This study was conducted to describe epidemiological pattern of oral squamous cell carcinoma seen at the Tygerberg academic complex in South Africa in the period from 1996 to 2013. Materials and Methods: Histopathological biopsy reports of patients diagnosed by the oral pathology department of Tygerberg hospital from 1996 to 2013 were electronically retrieved and included. Patients were grouped by age into............

Key words: Epidemiology, Oral, Squamous cell carcinoma, Tygerberg, Cape Town

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[4]. Patel S, Carpenter W, Tyree S, Couch M, Weissler M, Hackman T et al. Increasing Incidence of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Young White Women, Age 18 to 44 Years. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011;29(11):1488-1494.
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