iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2019

Abstract: In India the prevalence of IDA in pregnancy has been reported to be 57.9% (54.6% urban and 59% in rural) by National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS) with a wide variation of Incidence from state to state. The world health Organization (WHO) presented data at Federation of International Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) meeting in 2003 in chile around 500,000 Maternal deaths and 20,000,000 maternal morbidity cases per year are related to iron deficiency anemia. Aim: The Aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled study was to compare the efficacy of Intravenous iron sucrose versus Oral iron in the treatment of Iron deficiency anemia. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Institute of health care & Medical Technology, Marikivalasa, Visakhapatnam. 200 pregnant women with gestational..........

Keywords :Anemia, Iron Deficiency anemia, Oral Iron, Iron Sucrose

[1]. World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2002: Reducing Risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization.Geneva,2002;1-248.
[2]. World Health Organization. United Nations Childrens Fund UNU. Iron deficiency anemia; Assessment, Prevention and control; A guide for Programme managers. World Health Organization, geneva 2001.
[3]. Bhatt R V. Maternal mortality in India, FOGSI-WHO study. J Obstet Gynecol India, 1997; 47:207-14.
[4]. Viteri FE. The consequences of iron deficiency and anemia in pregnancy. Adv Exp Med Biol 1994; 352:127-39
[5]. National Family Health Survey *NHFS -3) Ministry of health and family welfare (Government of India) 2005-2006..

Abstract: Introduction: Drug utilization studies(DUS) play crucial role in the health sector and ultimately provides insight into the efficiency of drug use and results of such research can be used to help to set priorities for the rationale use of medicines and allocation of health care budgets. Materials And Methods: This project was a Non-interventional, Observational and Cross sectional study conducted in rural villages near by Government Medical College/General hospital, Nizamabad, Telangana. A total of 650 households were surveyed and collected information about the drug utilization patterns. Results: In this study, we observed that a total of 2678 drugs were prescribed. Therefore, average number of drugs prescribed per patient was found to be 3.67.......

Key Words: Drug utilization studies, Rational use of Medicines, Pharmacoepidemiology

[1]. Shankar PR, Upadhyay DK, Subish P, Bhandari RB, Das B. (2010). Drug utilization among older inpatients in a teaching hospital in Western Nepal. Singapore Med J. 51:28–34.
[2]. Avula N, Sravani MR. Study of drug utilization trends in respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care teaching hospital: a retrospective study. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2017;6(11):1-4.
[3]. Bakssas I, and Lunde PKM. National drug policies: the need for drug utilization studies. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 7:331-334 (1986).
[4]. Nehru M, Kohli K, Kapoor B, Sadhotra P, Chopra V, and Sharma R. Drug utilization study in outpatient ophthalmology department of government medical college Jammu. JK Science, 7:149-151 (2005).
[5]. Avula Naveen, Dr. MR Sravani and J Naresh Venkat. Drug utilization patterns in acute coronary syndrome at a tertiary care teaching hospital: A retrospective, non interventional and observational study.The Pharma Innovation Journal 2017; 6(9): 538-542

Abstract: Spontaneous perforation of colon (SPC) is defined as sudden perforation of apparently healthy colon in absence of diseases or injury. SPC is an uncommon clinical entity which is seldom reported in literature, less than 100 cases were reported. We report the case of a young male who underwent an urgent laparotomy due to rectal perforation, which was registered as an idiopathic spontaneous perforation.

Key Words: Spontaneous, Rectum, Perforation

[1]. Ellul JPM, MannionsKhoury GA, Spontaneous rupture of the rectum with evisceration of the small intestine through the anus. Eur. J. Surg. 1995 (161) 925 – 927
[2]. Sandeep Bhat, Tanq P Azad, Manmeet Kaur, Spontaneous perforation of rectum with evisceration of small bowel stimulating intussusception, North AM J Med sciences 2010 (2) 596-597
[3]. Maurer, C.A., Renzulli, P., Mazzucchelli, L., Egger, B., Seiler, C.A. and Buchler, M.W. Use of Accurate DiagnosticCriteria May Increase Incidence of Stercoral Perforation of the Colon. Diseases of the Colon Rectum, 2000, (43), 991-998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02237366
[4]. Subah Al Shukry, Spontaneous perforation of the colon clinical review of five episodes in four patients, Oman Med. J. Apr 2009, 24(2) 137-141.
[5]. Basile, M., Montini, F., Cipollone, G. and Errichi, B.M. Spontaneous Perforations of the Large Intestine. AnnaliItaliani di Chirurgia, 1992, (63), 625-629..

Abstract: Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with a number of specific forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and can lead to progressive decline in lung function, poor quality of life, and, ultimately, early death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common fibrotic ILD, affects up to 1 in 200 elderly individuals and has a median survival that ranges from 3 to 5 years following initial diagnosis. IPF has not been shown to respond to immunomodulatory therapies, but recent trials with novel antifibrotic agents have demonstrated lessening of lung function decline over time. Pirfenidone has been shown to significantly slow decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) over.........

Keywords: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, treatments, pirfenidone, interstitial lung disease

[1]. Leslie KO. My approach to interstitial lung disease using clinical, radiological and histopathological patterns. J ClinPathol. 2009;62(5):387–401.
[2]. Tabaj GC, Fernandez CF, Sabbagh E, Leslie KO. Histopathology of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP): a review. Respirology. 2015;20(6):873–883.
[3]. American Thoracic Society; European Respiratory Society. American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. This joint statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS) was adopted by the ATS board of directors, June 2001 and by the ERS Executive Committee, June 2001. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2002;165(2):277–304.
[4]. Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, et al; ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J RespirCrit Care Med. 2011;183(6):788–824.

[5]. Katzenstein AL, Mukhopadhyay S, Myers JL. Diagnosis of usual interstitial pneumonia and distinction from other fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Hum Pathol. 2008;39(9):1275–1294.

Abstract: Castleman disease is a very rare entity and Castleman disease involving the cervical region is even more rarer [1]. In this case series we have reported two cases of atypical neck mass of uncertain cytological diagnosis and not responding to conservative management. These two patients underwent excisional biopsy and the histopathological result came out to be Castleman Disease. Both these patients are symptom free till resent follow up of 5 and 9 months respectively with no radiological and clinical recurrence and are still under regular follow-up

[1]. Frizzera G, Massarelli G, Banks PM, Rosai J. A systemic lymphoproliferative disorder with morphological features of Castleman's Disease; Pathological findings in 15 patients. Am J Surg Pathol 1983; 7: 212–31.
[2]. Beraldo S et al. Castleman disease as an uncommon cause of a neck mass. Acta Laryngologia 2006;126:108-11.
[3]. Watkinson J, Gilbert RW, editors. Stell and Maran's text book of head and neck surgery and oncology. 5th ed. London: Hodder Arnold; 2012, Chapter 12, p. 230.
[4]. Simpson D. Epidemiology of Castleman disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018;32(1):1-10.
[5]. Wu D, Lim MS, Jaffe ES. Pathology of Castleman disease. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018;32(1):37-52..

Abstract: Background: A dental patient under anticoagulant medication is a challenge for dentists, as anti-coagulant therapy produces an increase risk of bleeding. Bleeding following Inferior alveolar nerve block may lead to formation of intramuscular hematoma ultimately resulting in trismus. Since such complications are inevitable, their prevention and management are essential. Comprehensive knowledge is required for the management of such complications and injection techniques to prevent these complications. In this case report authors have discussed about the possible..........

Key Words: Inferior alveolar nerve block , antiplatelet therapy, intramuscular hematoma, trismus

[1]. Haas DA. Localized complications from local anesthesia. J Calif Dent Assoc 1998;26:677‑82.
[2]. Smyth J, Marley J. An unusual delayed complication of inferior alveolar nerve block. Br J Oral Maxillofac
[3]. Surg 2010;48:51‑2.
[4]. Augello M, von Jackowski J, Grätz KW, Jacobsen C. Needle breakage during local anesthesia in the oralcavity – A retrospective of the last 50 years with guidelines for treatment and prevention. Clin Oral Investig 2011;15:3‑8.
[5]. Tzermpos FH, Cocos A, Kleftogiannis M, Zarakas M, Iatrou I. Transient delayed facial nerve palsy after inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia. Anesth Prog 2012;59:22‑7..

Abstract: Outpatient department is the mirror of the hospital, which reflects overall functioning of the hospital, being the first point of contact between the patient and hospital staff. Nowadays majority of hospitals are facing long waiting time that is resulting in patient dissatisfaction. Waiting for consultation and getting investigations done in the hospital is one of the main reason behind patient does not want to avail the services of hospital. Methodology: cross sectional and questionnaire based. Results and observations: Study was conducted in five departments and details regarding number of registrations,No of consultations by doctor hourly, Average time spent by doctor with each patient, Time taken from registration to consultation and patient satisfaction was observed. Recommendations: If doctors arrive at 8 ammost of the patient load will be cleared as there will be no pooling of patients, who had done registrations between 7am to 8 am.

[1]. Young GJ, Meterko M, Desai KR. Patient satisfaction with hospital care: effects of demographic and institutional characteristics. Med Care 2000;38:325–34.
[2]. Goldwag R, Berg A, Yuval D et al. Predictors of patient dissatisfaction with emergency care. Isr Med Assoc J 2002;4:603–6.
[3]. Sitzia J, Wood N. Patient satisfaction: a review of issues and concepts. SocSci Med 1997;45:1829–43. doi:10.1016/ S0277-9536(97)00128-7.
[4]. Boyer L, Francois P, Doutre E et al. Perception and use of the results of patient satisfaction surveys by care providers in a French teaching hospital. Int J Qual Health Care 2006;18:359–64.
[5]. Hepner DL, Bader AM, Hurwitz S et al. Patient satisfaction with preoperative assessment in a preoperative assessment testing clinic. AnesthAnalg 2004;98:1099–105..

Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem, despite noteworthy socio-economic development and advances in medical science. It is a curable disease but still millions of people suffer every year and a number of them die from this infectious disease, resulting in huge social and economic loss. TB treatment requires several months of swallowing a combination of 3 to 4 drugs every day. Patients often forget to take their medicines or stop taking them when they start to feel better. This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics at Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2018 to December 2018. We selected 400 presumptive patients with tuberculosis. Among them 61 (15.25%) were positive. Males are dominating sex distribution (55.73%, n=34) in study population as compared to females (44.27%, n=27). Most of the patients were............

Key Words: Clinical Profile, Tuberculosis, Outcome, infectious diseases, Paediatric

[1]. David Perlin, Ann Cohen. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Dangerous Diseases and Epidemics, 2002.
[2]. Childhood Tuberculosis, TB India 2013 RNTCP Annual Status Report, 7.4, 45-47.
[3]. TB India 2014, RNTCP, Annual Status Report, Central TB Division, Directorate
[4]. General of Health Services, http://www.tbcindia.nic.in/pdfs/TB%20INDIA%202014.pdf
[5]. Dendup T, Dorji T, Edginton ME, Kumar AVM, Wangchuk D, Dophu U, Jamtsho T, Rinzin C, et al. Childhood tuberculosis in Bhutan: profile and treatment outcomes. Public Health Action, 2013; 3(1): 11–14.

Abstract: to measure the entrance surface dose (esd) in paediatric patients undergoing chest x-ray examination at federal teaching hospital, gombe. Tld chips were used to measure the entrance surface doses (esd) in 30 patients that came for chest x-ray examination. Their ages range from 1years to 13years. The following technical factors were recorded: kilovoltage, tube current, and focus-to-surface distance. Also the weight, height, and thickness of the patients were recorded.the maximum and minimum esd measured for the chest x-ray examination were 0.530mgy and 0.165mgy respectively. The average mean esd measured for the chest x-ray examination was 0.30mgy.the study has established esd for paediatric patient at federal teaching hospital gombe. The result is comparably lower than the results in similar study conducted in the south western nigeria, but relatively higher than the values obtained in south africa and ireland

[1]. Azevedo AC, Osibote OA, Boehat MC, 2006; Pediatric X-ray examinations in; Rio de Janeiro. Phys Med Biol 51:3723–32.
[2]. Derek J.Roebuck Springer-Verlag, 1999; Risk and benefit in paediatric radiology, Pediatr Radiol 29:37±640,
[3]. Gerhard A, Gabriele B, 2011. Radiation Protection in Pediatric Radiology. Deutsches Arzteblatt international. 108 (24): 407-414.
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[5]. Mohammadain KE, da Rossa LA, Azevedo AC, Guebel MR, Beochat MC, Habani F, 2004; Dose evaluation for paediatric chest examinations in Brazil and Sudan: Low doses and reliable examinations can be achieved in developing countries. Phys Med Biol. 49:1017.

Abstract: Maternal mortality and morbidity are the priority agenda for developing country like Bangladesh and uterine rupture is the leading cause of maternal and fetal death in these countries. There are limited data is available on the magnitude of uterine rupture; maternal and fetal outcomes of uterine rupture and its associated factors. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the period from January 2018 to December 2018 in the dept. of Gynaenocology & Obstetrics, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to evaluate ruptured uterus and its associated factors with maternal and fetal outcome. A total of 4834 mothers admitted in one year at the selected department in the hospital with maternal complications. Among them 3770 deliveries had been managed by the respective dept. in one year. Among total deliveries, 2442 (64.77%) were......

Key Words: Ruptured Uterus, Maternal Outcome, Fetal Outcome

[1]. Hofmeyr GJ, Say L, Gulmezoglu AM. WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity: the prevalence of uterine rupture. BJOG. 2005; 112(9):1221–8.
[2]. WHO. World health statistics 2014. Geneva: Switzerland World Health Organization; 2014.
[3]. WHO. Health status statistics: mortality. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013.
[4]. Berhan Y, Berhan A. Causes of maternal mortality in Ethiopia: a significant decline in abortion related death. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2014;24(Suppl):15–28.
[5]. Justus Hofmeyr G, Say L, Metin Gülmezoglu A. Systematic review: WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity: the prevalence of uterine rupture. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;112(9):1221–8..

Abstract: Reconstruction of exposed lower third tibia and ankle region remains a difficult task and a challenge for many plastic surgeons. Microsurgical flaps have been the method of choice for this reconstruction but in our hospital we do not have equipment or microsurgical trained team for this type of procedure. Moreover, free muscle flaps have more risk of failure and sometimes the patient's clinical condition does not allow a more complex surgery in some cases. Muscle flaps are preferred in these situations. Methodology: This study was carried out in the Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi from May 2015 to December 2018 upon30 patients (29 males and 01 female with the age ranging between 21 and 62 years). Patients with tibial defect in the distal third of the tibia which need soft tissue coverage were selected.........

Key Words: Medial hemisoleus muscle flap, Diastally based perforator,Reconstruction

[1]. Pu LL. Soft-tissue reconstruction of an open tibial wound in the distal third of the leg: a new treatment algorithm. Ann Plast Surg. 2007;58(1):78-83.
[2]. Pu LL. Successful soft-tissue coverage of a tibial wound in the distal third of the leg with a medial hemisoleus muscle flap. PlastReconstr Surg. 2005;115(1):245-51.
[3]. Pu LL. The reversed medial hemisoleus muscle flap and its role in reconstruction of an open tibial wound in the lower third of the leg. Ann Plast Surg. 2006;56(1):59-63.
[4]. Pu LL. Soft-tissue coverage of an open tibial wound in the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the leg with the medial hemisoleus muscle flap. Ann Plast Surg. 2006;56(6):639-43.
[5]. Pu LL. Further experience with the medial hemisoleus muscle flap for soft-tissue coverage of a tibial wound in the distal third of the leg. PlastReconstr Surg. 2008;121(6):2024-8..

Abstract: Introduction - Water quality, water behaviour along with food quality, food behaviour, domestic environment and food handler's hygiene play pivotal role in preventing food and water-borne diseases. Studies reveal rural areas lack access to potable water and have inappropriate waterhandling techniques.Food behaviour remains unsatisfactory and contamination prevalence is high. Working women seemingly face more hazards and perceived negligence is higher in hilly tribal population. Thus the pilot study was undertaken. Objectives : To assess water quality at source and household level, To assess cooked food quality, immediate domestic environment, determine existing knowledge/ practices regarding water and food handling techniques. Reasons for identified gaps were ascertained........

Key Words: Water quality, water behaviour, food quality , food behaviour

[1]. World Health Organization. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 2nd ed: Geneva, Switzerland,1996; Volume 2

[2]. Wright J, Gundry S, Conroy R. Household drinking water in developing countries: a systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point-of-use. TropMedInt Health. 2004; 9(1):106–117.
[3]. Bartram J. Water,Sanitation and Health Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. Domestic Water Quantity, Service, Level and Health. World Health Organization 2003.
[4]. Simonne R,Daniel M, et al. Health Population and Nutrition. 2010; 28(1): 34–41.
[5]. Esrey SA, Potash JB, Roberts L, Shiff C. Effects of improved water supply and sanitation on ascariasis, diarrhoea, dracunculiasis, hookworm infection, schistosomiasis, and trachoma. Bull World Health Organ,1991; 69(5): 609-621..

Abstract: Mental health problemsin children have emerged as a public health problem in Developing countries. Limited number of studies so far found regarding mental health problemsof school going children in Bangladesh.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of mental health problems and its associated factorsin school going children at the age of 5-11 years in the capital city of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study conducted during the period of January 2010 to December 2010 among 196 school going children of schools of Dhaka city aged between 5 -11 years. A total of 235 students along with their parents were selected and 196 have been interviewed. In the study multistage sampling was adopted. Replacement of the non responder student is taken from the same.........

Key Words: Mental Health, Emotion, Behaviour, strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ

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Abstract: Introduction: The study of colorectal lesions is fascinating as they constitute a wide variety of both neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions.1The Colon and rectum can be sites for infections, Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, vascular disorders and various neoplasms2 Colorectal neoplasms ranks second according to WHO classification. Materials and methods: It is retrospective and prospective study of all biopsies and resected specimens of colorectal lesions received at department of pathology from department of surgery GGH,were subjected to histopathological examination.Period of study from febrauary 2017 to march 2019 colorectal biopsies are processed , sections of 3-5 μ thickness were cut and stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin stain......

[1]. Kamocki ZK, Wodyñska NA, Etal... Significance of selected morphological and histopathological parameters of colon tumors as prognostic factors of cancer spread. Turk J Gastroenterol 2017. DOI: 10.5152
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[3]. Abilash etal .. Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 4, Issue 5, September-October, 2015
[4]. Motion matsulura , Hiroko ohgaki , Ren's lambert. World cancer Report,Lyon2003,IARC Press,104-202
[5]. Bosman FTCarneiro F, Hruban RH ,Thesis ND(eds) : world health organisation classification of tumors of the Digestive system .IARC press:Lyon2010

Abstract: Multi-drug resistance is a growing problem in the treatment of infectious diseases and the widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has produced antibiotic resistance for many human bacterial pathogens. Advances in nanotechnology have opened new horizons in nanomedicine, allowing the synthesis of nanoparticles that can be assembled into complex architectures. Among them, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively studied because of their good electrical conductivity, as well as their potential. In this research work, total 80 multidrug resistant clinical isolates (23 isolates of Acinetobacter, 31 isolates of E.coli and 26 isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia.......

Key Words: Antibiotics, Nanotechnology, Silver nanoparticles, Acinetobacter, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Conjugates, Mutation

[1]. Panacek, A. et al. Strong and Nonspecific Synergistic Antibacterial Efficiency of Antibiotics Combined with Silver Nanoparticles at Very Low Concentrations Showing No Cytotoxic Effect. Molecules 2016;21.
[2]. Ling, L. L. et al. A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance. Nature 2015;517: 455–+.
[3]. Lu, J. et al. Inhibition of bacterial thioredoxin reductase: an antibiotic mechanism targeting bacteria lacking glutathione. Faseb J 2013;27:1394–1403.
[4]. Thangamani, S., Younis, W. & Seleem, M. N. Repurposing Clinical Molecule Ebselen to Combat Drug Resistant Pathogens. Plos One 2015;10.
[5]. Rai, M.K.; Deshmukh, S.D.; Ingle, A.P.; Gade, A.K. Silver nanoparticles: The powerful nanoweapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2012;112:841–852.

Abstract: Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is characterized by the proliferation of lymphoid cells but represents indeed a heterogeneous group of diseases that vary with respect to the morphological, cytogenetic, molecular and immunologic features of the neoplastic cells. The acute leukaemia are defined pathologically as blast cell leukaemia or malignancies of immature hacmopoitic cells which show >30% blast cells in the bone marrowOn the basis of clinical findings and peripheral blood film study thesuspected cases of acute leukcmias whose age group between 2yrs to l2yrs were included. Total 30 patients of leukaemia of both sexes............

Key words: LMIC, Survival Rate, acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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Abstract: Currently, oral cancer is one of the most alarming health problems facing mankind. More than 90% of all oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Bcl-2 proteins are one of the most prominent anti-apoptotic proteins expressed in OSCC. They contribute to cancer development and mediate resistance to current anticancer treatments. Tissue homeostasis is violated in the process of tumorogenesis, by a subset of transformed cells which further gear them up with increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. This study emphasizes the importance of Bcl-2 expression as a prognostic indicator in OSCC.

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