iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2019

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oral cancer is any malignant neoplasm which is found on the lip, floor of the mouth, cheek lining, gingiva, palate or in the tongue. Oral cancer is among the top three types of cancers in India. In India, 90 -95% of the oral cancers is squamous cell carcinoma.Purpose of our study is to detect the Pattern of tumor spread and contribution of CT and MRI in staging of oral cavity malignancy with Histopathological correlation of above radiological findings. METHODOLOGY: In our prospective study we included 38 patients after proper informed and written consent. In all patients, clinical complaints..........

[1]. J. K. Elango, P. Gangadharan, S. Sumithra, and M. A. Kuriakose, "Trends of head and neck cancers in urban and rural India," Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 7
[2]. Manisha Sharma1, Manas Madan2, Mridu Manjari3, Tejinder Singh Bhasin4, Spriha Jain5, Saumil Garg6, "Prevalence of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) in our population: The clinicpathological and morphological description of 198 cases"
[3]. KenRussell Coelho1,2, "Challenges of the Oral cancer burden in India"
[4]. V. L. Allgar and R. D. Neal, "Sociodemographic factors and delays in the diagnosis of six cancers: analysis of data from the 'National Survey of NHS Patients: cancer'," The British Journal of Cancer, vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 1971–1975, 2005..

Abstract: Patient is at risk of hypoxia and pulmonary aspiration the time betweenlosses of consciousness to tracheal intubation. It is usually desirable to use a muscle relaxant with a shortonset time. The onset time is partly determined by the speed with which these drugs reach the neuromuscular junction, a factor that appears to be proportional to cardiac output and muscle blood flow. Since ephedrine can increase these variables our hypothesis was that it could reduce the onset time of muscle relaxants.Rocuronium is the currently preferred non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used as an alternative to succinylcholine for rapid tracheal intubation.........

[1]. Hernan RM, Aljandro GG, Gonzalez Jorge A. The effect of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium.AnesthAnalg 1997; 85: 437–40
[2]. Gamlin F, Freeman J, Winslow L, Berridge J, Vucevic M. The haemodynamic effects of propofol in combination with ephedrine in elderly patients (ASA groups 3 and 4). Anaesth Intensive Care 1999; 27: 477–8
[3]. Gamlin F, Vucevic M, Winslow L, Berridge J. The haemodynamiceffects of propofol in combination with ephedrine. Anaesthesia1996; 51: 488–91
[4]. Munoz HR, Gonzales AG, Perez AE. The effect of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium. AnesthAnalg 1997; 85: 437—40.
[5]. Szmuk P, Ezri T, Chelly J, Katz J. The onset time of rocuronium is slowed by esmolol and accelerated by ephedrine. AnesthAnalg 2000; 90: 1217—9..

Abstract: The rise of cases of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension and diabetes in developing countries is due to the sedentary lifestyles. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 4-week treadmill exercise on the heart rate during resting state and during running of young adult males. Methods:50 young healthy adult male who joined the grid iron gym was selected for the study. The mean heart rates during resting state and during running of the subject were takenpre and post 4 weeks treadmill exercise for the comparison. Results: This study shows that the 4-week treadmill exercise was effective in significantly reducing mean resting heart rate and mean heart rate during running by 6.4 and 18.6 beats per minute respectively. Conclusions: The present study shows that physical activity has the ability to decrease the heart rate in healthy adults. After training physical activity reduce the risk of heart diseases

[1]. Shah B, Kumar N, Geetha R. Assessment of burden of Non-communicable diseases. Ansari Nagar and WHO India: ICMR; 2009.
[2]. Gupta R. Trends in hypertension epidemiology in India. J Hum Hypertens. 2004;18:73–8. [PubMed]
[3]. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005;365:217–23. [PubMed]
[4]. Gupta R. Burden of coronary heart disease in India. Indian Heart J. 2005;57:632–8. [PubMed]
[5]. Bhalwar R. Textbook of public health and community medicine. AFMC, Pune: WHO India country office; 2009..

Abstract: Febrile seizures are common and mostly benign. They are the most common cause of seizures in children less than five years of age. There are two categories of febrile seizures, simple and complex.Febrile seizures (FS) area unit a standard, worldwide benign condition with a wonderful prognosis. This case control study was conducted within the amount between March 2015 till June the same year in emergency, Observation & Referral Unitof DhakaShishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, getting to discover some facts regarding FS in our community.116 Children's with FS were listed within the study WHO (World Health Origination) were aged matched to four controls to work out risk factors for a primary FS. The mean (±SD) age of youngsters underneath the study.......

Key Words- anticonvulsants, antipyretics, epilepsy, febrileinfection-related epilepsy syndrome, febrile status epilepticus, meningitis.

[1]. Huaug MC, Liu CC, Huaug CC, Thomas U. Parental responses to first and recurrent febrile convulsions ActaNeutrolScand 2002; 105: 293-299.
[2]. Kjeldson MJ, Kyvik KO, Friis ML, Christensen K. Genetic and environmental factors in febrile seizures: A Danish population- based twin study. Epilepsy Res 2002; 51: 167 – 177.
[3]. Sheila J Wallace. The child with febrile seizures. Butterworth 1988
[4]. Camfield CS, Camfield PR. Febrile Seizures. Review Article Internet 2002
[5]. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Quality Improvement, Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures. Practice Parameter, The neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a first simple febrile seizure. Pediatr 1996; 97: 769-772

Abstract: A 26 year male presented with complaints of epistaxis, purulent nasal discharge, serous ear discharge, since 6 month. Chest complaints were cough and chest pain since 3 month. Chest Skiagram revealed bilateral multiple nodular lesions. CT paranasal sinus revealed mass lesion in sphenoid sinus along with bony erosion. Biopsy of mass lesion and nasal mucosa revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation. c-ANCA was positive. Patient was discharged on oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. We report here a case of Granulomatosis with polyangitis in young male presenting with sphenoidal sinus mass lesion.

Keywords: GPA- Granulomatosis with polyangitis IIF-Indirect Immunofluorescent assay ANCA- Anti Neutrophilic Cytoplasmic Antibodies ANA-Anti nuclear antibody PR3- Proteniase 3 MPO- Myeloperoxidase

[1]. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Et Al. 2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature Of Vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(1):1–11.
[2]. Hoffman GS, Kerr GS, Leavitt RY, Et Al. Wegener Granulomatosis:An Analysis Of 158 Patients. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:488–498.
[3]. V. S. Polychronopouls, U. B. S. Prakash, J. M. Golbin Et Al.,"Airway Involvement In Wegener's Granulomatosis," Rheumatic Disease Clinics Of North America, Vol. 33, Pp. 755–775, 2007.
[4]. Lie JT. Illustrated Histologic Classification Criteria For Selected Vasculitis Syndromes. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:1074–87.
[5]. Wiik A (2002) Rational Use Of ANCA In The Diagnosis Of Vasculitis. Rheumatology(Oxford) 41: 481-483.

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Airway Disease is a Preventable & Treatable Disease which is characterised by irreversible airflow limitation of progressive in nature occurring due to chronic inflammatory response affecting the lung parenchyma & airways to noxious stimulants& various toxic pollutants in the atmosphere. The Global Burden of Disease Society States that COPD will become the leading cause of death by 2020. COPD is a chronic systemic disease affecting the vital organ systems in the body, since it is not confined to affect only the respiratory system. COPD often leads to Anaemia, Osteoporosis, Ischemic Heart Disease, Muscle Wasting, Depression & various other systemic ailments. COPD being a systemic illness affects many vital organ systems in the body. Endocrinological disorders in the form of hypothyroidism is quite common among COPD individuals than compared to the general population.........

[1]. Lalit Singh, Abhishek Jain, Anurag Agrawal, Rajeev Tandon, Hemant Kumar. A study of prevalence of thyroid disorders in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at a tertiary care center in U.P. International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research 2016;3(5):1239-1242
[2]. Sevinc Sarinc Ulasli, Serife Sava Bozbas, Zeynep Erayman Ozen, Berna Akinci Ozyurek et al. Effect of thyroid function on COPD exacerbation frequency: a pre- liminary study. Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine 2013;8:64.
[3]. Gupta Madhuri, Vardey SK, Joshi Nalin, Dixit R. Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomedical Research 2013;24:110- 113.
[4]. GOLD report 2015 Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Jun 13]. Available from: http://www.GOLDcopd.org.
[5]. Roberto R, Antonio A, Jean B et al. Pocket Guide to COPD diagnosis, management and prevention: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) updated 2010..

Abstract: Platelet indices (PI) — plateletcrit, mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) — are a group of derived platelet parameters obtained as a part of the automatic complete blood count. Emerging evidence suggests that PIs may have diagnostic and prognostic value in certain diseases. This study aimed to summarize the current scientific knowledge on the potential role of PIs as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients having thrombocytopenias.

Keywords: platelets, platelets indices, thrombocytopenia, automated cell counter.

[1]. Sharathkumar AA, Shapiro A. Platelet Function Disorders, Second Edition, Treatment of Hemophilia Monographs April 2008; 19. World Federation of Hemophilia, 2008.
[2]. Sekhon SS, Roy V. Thrombocytopenia in Adults: A Practical Approach to Evaluation and Management. Southern Medical Journal. 2006 May; 99(5): 491-498.
[3]. Antier N, Quenot JP, Doise JM, Noel R, Demaistre E, Devilliers H. Mechanisms and etiologies of thrombocytopenia in the intensive care unit: impact of extensive investigations. Annals of Intensive Care. 2014; 4:24.
[4]. Guclu E, Durmaz Y, Karabay O. Effect of severe sepsis on platelet count and their indices. African Health Sciences 2013; 13(2):333-338.
[5]. Gill MK, Makkar M, Bhat S, Kaur T, Jain K, Dhir G. Thrombocytopenia in malaria and its correlation with different types of malaria. Ann Trop Med Public Health. 2013; 6:197-200.

Abstract: Disorders of the biliary tree affect a significant portion of the population with a wide spectrum disorder ranging from gall stones to deadly malignancies such as cholangiocarcinoma.(1) Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis are common in middle aged females. If untreated, they may lead to complications such as cholangitis, sepsis, hepatic failure, biliary cirrhosis, malignancies (long standing cases).Anatomic variations of the biliary tree occur in more than 50% individuals.(2) Anomalous biliary anatomy is frequently encountered by surgeons during cholecystectomy. Importance of its recognition lies in avoiding serious biliary injuries.(3) Evaluation of suspected biliary tract diseases is a common radiological problem and is diagnosed by a variety of imaging modalities..........

[1]. Biliary obstruction – Jennifer Lynn Bonheur, Peter F Ells, MD
[2]. Tse F, Barkun JS, Romagnuolo J, Friedman G, Bornstein JD, Barkun AN. Nonoperative imaging techniques in suspected biliary tract obstruction. HPB (Oxford). 2006;8(6):409–25.
[3]. Northover JMA, Terblanche J. Applied surgical anatomy of the biliary tree. Vol. 5, ClinSurg Int. 1982. 1-16 p.
[4]. Hasan MM, Reza E, Khan MR, Laila SZ, Rahman F, Mamun MH. Anatomical and congenital anomalies of extra hepatic biliary system encountered during cholecystectomy. Mymensingh Med J. 2013 Jan;22(1):20–6.
[5]. Hasan MM, Reza E, Khan MR, Laila SZ, Rahman F, Mamun MH. Anatomical and congenital anomalies of extra hepatic biliary system encountered during cholecystectomy. Mymensingh Med J. 2013 Jan;22(1):20–6.

Abstract: The urachus is an embryologic remnant which extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus. Their presentation is nonspecific and a high index of suspicion is required to make a diagnosis. Clinical findings may be confused with those of Acute Appendicitis, Meckel'sDiverticulitis, or Peritonitis which can follow rupture of the urachal cyst into the peritoneal cavity. In this article we present a case of 30 years old lady presenting with abdominal pain for 3 months duration. Per abdominal examination revealed tenderness on palpation over the left iliac fossa region. CT Abdomen showed cyst superior to the bladder with no communication to either the bladder or the midline. Exploratory laparotomy was undertaken and intraoperative findings revealed cystic lesion over the superior aspect of the bladder adherent by a fibrous band to the bladder wall. The cyst was excised along with the cuff of the anterior aspect of the bladder and histopathological examination confirmed the specimen as a urachal cyst.

[1]. Serdar kaya, BesimHalukBacanakgil, Zeynep Sayman, Roya Kerimova, Semiha Battal Havare and Basak Kaya. An infected urachal cyst in an adult woman. Case reports in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vol 2015; Article ID 791408. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/791408.

[2]. Ekwueme KC, Parr NJ. Infected urachal cyst in an adult: a case report and review of the literature. Cases J. 2009;2:6422. Published 2009 Jun 25. doi:10.4076/1757-1626-2-6422
[3]. Boyle Grace, Rosenberg HK, O'Neill J. An Unusual presentation of an infected urachal cyst : Review of Urachal anomalies. Clinical Paediatrics. (Philadelphia).1988 Mar; 27(3): 130-134.https://doi.org/10.1177/000992288802700303
[4]. Tazi F, Ahsaim M, Khalouk A, Mellas, Sturman-Weieringa R E, Elfassi M J, Farih M H. Abscess of urachal remnants presenting with acute abdomen: a case Series. J Med Case Rep. 2012. Jul 30; 6:226
[5]. Yu J S, Kim K W, Lee H J, Lee Y J, Yoon C S, Kim M J. Urachal remnant diseases: spectrum of CT and US findings. Radiographics.2001 Mar-Apr: 21(2); 451-461.

Abstract: Background: Clavicle Fracture Is Common Fracture In Day To Day Orthopaedics Practice Because Of Its Subcutaneous And Relatively Its Anterior Position. Fracture Clavicle Constitutes Approximately Up To 44% Of Injury To Shoulder. Mid Third Part Clavicle Fractures Are Most Common. Previously To Treated Clavicle Fracture Conservative Treatment Was Very Common But Because Of Complications (Mal-Union And Non-Union). In Recent Years With Changing Trends In Treatment Of Displaced Mid Shaft Clavicle Fracture Operative Treatment Remains The Standered Procedure For Fixation. Material and Methods: This was a prospective and RCT of 54 patients who were randomized in two groups to be treated surgically with either plate (group A-27 patients) or a single TEN fixation (group B-27 patients) in a 1:1 ratio by odd and even method. All..........

Keywords: Clavicle fracture, plate and screws, intramedullary titanium elastic nail, DASH score.

[1]. Nordqvist A, Petersson C. The incidence of fractures of the clavicle. Clin Orthop 1994; march, 300:127–32.
[2]. Robinson CM. Fractures of the clavicle in the adult. Epidemiology and classification. J Bone Joint Surg Br1998; 80(3):476-484.
[3]. Throckmorton T, Kuhn JE. Fractures of the medial end of the clavicle. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2007; 16(1):49–54.
[4]. Nowak J, Mallmin H, Larsson S. The aetiology and epidemiology of clavicular fractures.A prospective study during a two-year period in Uppsala. Sweden. Injury. 2000; 31:353–358.
[5]. Stanley D, Trowbridge EA, Norris SH. The mechanism of clavicular fracture. A clinical and biomechanical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1988; 70(3):461–464.

Abstract: A smile reflects a person's inner self and uniqueness ,in harmony with the lips and enhances the beauty of the person's character. The dentist's perception, talent, artistic flare and skills in listening to the specific desires of his patient, help to create a smile that suits the face and personality of each individual patient. Evolution of laminates and veneers over the last several decades has become esthetic dentistry's most popular restorations. It is a conservative alternative to full coverage for improving the appearance of an anterior tooth as it makes possible to preserve as much tooth structure as is feasible while satisfying the patient's restorative needs and desires. With indirect restorations, clinicians should choose a material and technique that allows the most conservative treatment, which meets the aesthetic, and biological requirements of the patient and which has the mechanical requirements to provide clinical durability.

[1]. Da Cunha LF, Pedroche LO, Gonzaga CC, Furuse AY. Esthetic, occlusal, and periodontal rehabilitation of anterior teeth with minimum thickness porcelain laminate veneers. J Prosthet Dent 2014;112:1315-8.
[2]. Pardeep Bansal, Gagan Chahal , Jaspinder Gill. Zirconia Veneers In Fluorosis Patient: Case Report. Journal of Applied Dental and Medical Sciences 2017;4(1):47-49.
[3]. Rotoli BT, Lima DN, Pini NP, Aguiar FH, Pereira GD, Paulillo LA. Porcelain veneers as an alternative for esthetic treatment. J Oper Dent 2013;38:5.
[4]. Guess PC, Schultheis S, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Ferencz JL, et al. (2011) All-ceramic systems: laboratory and clinical performance. Dent Clin North Am 55: 333-352.
[5]. Brar et al.Designing cantilever prosthesis:A case study. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry 2015;5(3):5-9..

Abstract: Background: Diabetes is one of the major risk factors of CKD and if not properly controlled, may hasten the progression of CKD to attain end stage renal disease (ESRD). As such the maintenance of glucose homeostasis is crucial in preventing pathological consequences that may result from hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress is known to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its long term complications. This study examined the role of oxidative stress on the glycemic control of CKD patients in Sokoto. Methods: Sixty seven CKD patients (age 47.17 ± 1.77) were studied. The CKD patients were grouped into stages based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from plasma creatinine using the MDRD 4-variable equation. Plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were determined as markers of glycemic control. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes were determined as markers of oxidative stress.........

Key words: Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes, Glycated Hemoglobin, Oxidative stress, Malondialdehyde

[1]. Balasubramanian S. (2013) Progression of chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms and intervention in retardation. J. Ap. Med. 10: 19-28
[2]. Kuo K. and Tarng D. (2010) Oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. Adaptive Medicine. 2(2):87-94
[3]. Cibulka R.,and Racek J. (2007) Metabolic disorders in patients with chronic kidney failure. Physiological Research. 56: 697-705
[4]. Klaunig J.E., Xu Y., Isenberg J.S. (1998) The role of oxidative stress in chemical carcinogenesis. Environmental Health Perspectives. 106:289-295
[5]. Selvin E., Crainiceanu C.M., Brancati F.L., Coresh J. (2007) Short term variability in measures of glycemia and implications for the classification of diabetes. Arc Intern Med. 167: 1545-1551.

Abstract: Acromioclavicular joint dislocation corresponds to 8.6% of all joint dislocation. These injuries are associated with contact sports or athletic activity where a direct blow to the lateral aspect of the shoulder occurs. Over last 10 to 15 years there has been increase in the number of publications of the surgical treatment of AC joint with repairs and reconstruction procedures. The rapid progression of orthopaedic implant technology has also led to improved application of surgical techniques. It is clear that a gold standard for surgical stabilization of chronic, painful AC joint dislocations has yet to be established. We report the result of a prospective study of fifteen patients with Rockwood's type III,IV,V,VI AC joint dislocation, treated by Modified Weaver-Dunn procedure.

Keywords: AC joint Dislocation, modified weaver- dunn procedure

[1]. De Tullio V, Orsi R, Celenza M. Surgical treatment of Allman type III acromio-clavicular dislocation. A long-term follow-up study. ActaOrthop Belg. 1994;60(3):300-2

[2]. Burri C, Neugebauer R. Carbon fiber replacement of the ligaments of the shoulder

[3]. girdle and the treatment of lateral instability of the ankle joint. ClinOrthop. 1985;196:112–117.

[4]. Castropil W, Ramadan LB, Bitar AC, et al. Sternoclavicular dislocation-reconstruction with semitendinosus tendon autograft: A case report. Knee Surg Sports TraumatolArthrosc. 2008;16:865–868.

[5]. Ferrandez L, Yubero J, Usabiaga J, et al. Sternoclavicular dislocation, treatment and complications. Ital J OrthopTraumatol. 1988;14:349–355.

Abstract: The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth with immature root is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). MTA offers the option of a two‑visit apexification procedure so that the fragile tooth can be restored immediately. This article describes the cases treated using MTA

[1]. Purra AR, Ahangar FA, Chadgal S, Farooq R. Mineral trioxide aggregate apexification: A novel approach. J Conserv Dent 2016;19:377-80.
[2]. Sheehy EC, Roberts GJ. Use of calcium hydroxide for apical barrier formation and healing in non‑vital immature permanent teeth: A review. Br Dent J 1997;183:241-6.
[3]. Andreasen JO, Farik B, Munksgaard EC. Long‑term calcium hydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase risk of root fracture. Dent Traumatol 2002;18:134-7
[4]. Lee SJ, Monset M, Torabinejad M. Sealing ability of a mineral trioxideaggregate for repair of lateral root perforations. J. Endod 1993; 19 : 541-4.
[5]. Chosack A, Sela J, Cleaton‑Jones P. A histological and quantitative histomorphometric study of apexification of nonvital permanent incisors of vervet monkeys after repeated root filling with a calcium hydroxide paste. Endod Dent Traumatol 1997;13:211-7..