iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2019

Abstract: Purpose of the study: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of use of partogram in monitoring of spontaneous labour at term with feto-maternal outcome, to determine the incidence of labour dysfunction and to reduce the rate of caesarean section. Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the labour room of the department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital over a period of one year. 100 patients were allocated to each group. In the study group, the active phase of labour was monitored strictly with the help of the partograph. In the control group, labour was monitored on the usual lines but the partograph was not used...........

Keywords : Partpgraph, Feto-maternal outcome.

[1]. World Health Organization. The World Health Report 2005: Make Every Mother and Child Count. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
[2]. WHO. Reduction of maternal mortality. WHO / UNFP / UNICEF / World Bank Statement.
[3]. WHO Obstructed Labour Module. WHO/FRH/MSM/96.6 Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1996.64:1568-77.
[4]. Philpott HR. Graphic record in labour. Br. Med J 1972 : 16-35
[5]. Parveen Z. Outcome of labour in relation to cervical dilatation at admission (dissertation). Dhaka: Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons, 2003.

Abstract: Cryptococcosis is one of the most common and life threatening opportunistic infection in HIV infected patients. Although incidence of cryptococcal infection has decreased in the era of highly active anti retroviral therapy (HAART), it still remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the AIDS population, especially in the developing world. This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine & CoE ART centre in collaboration with Department of Microbiology, RIMS, Imphal for a period of two years to determine the prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia in HIV infected patients and to correlate cyptococcal antigenemia and clinico-immunological status of HIV infected patients..........

[1]. Botnaru V. Rusu D, Haidarli I, Muteanu O, Corlateanu A. Cryptococcosis: a common fungal infection in immunosuppressed patient. Pneumologia 2014;63(3):159-63.
[2]. Mabey D, Peeling RW, Ustianowski A, Perkins MD. Diagnostics for the developing world. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004;2(3):231-40.
[3]. World Health Organisation. Rapid advice: diagnosis, prevention and management of cryptococcal disease in HIV infected adults, adolescents and children 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/cryptococcal_disease2011/en.html. Accessed July 24, 2016.
[4]. NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India. Guidelines for prevention and management of common opportunistic infections/ malignancies among HIV infected adults and adolescents 2007. Available at: http://www.naco.gov.in/documents/policy-guidelines.html. Accessed July 15, 2016.
[5]. Devi SB, Ningshen R, Arvind G, Synrem E, Devi TS, Singh TB. Prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis inpatients of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a single centre experience from Regional Institute of Medical Sciences. J Med Soc 2013;27(1):57-8.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) has routinely been described as a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that develops as a consequence of defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Type 2 diabetes encompasses individuals who have insulin resistance (IR) and usually relative (rather than absolute) insulin deficiency.[1] The pathologic hallmark of DM involves the vasculature leading to both microvascular and macrovascular complications.[2] Chronicity of hyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage and failure of various organ systems mainly affecting the eyes, nerves, kidneys, and the heart.

[1]. Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, Erdmann E, Massi-Benedetti M, Moules IK, et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1279-1289.
[2]. Aiello LP, Gardner TW, King GL, Blankenship G, Cavallerano JD, Ferris FL, 3rd, et al. Diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes care. 1998;21:143-156.
[3]. Diabetes.co.uk. Diabetes complications. [[Updated 2015; Accessed 2015 May 24/]]. Available from: http://www.diabetes.co.uk/diabetes-complications/diabetes-complications.html .
[4]. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:14–80.
[5]. Khan AR, Wiseberg JA, Lateef ZAA, Khan SA. Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Al Hasa Region of Saudi Arabia: Primary Health Care Centre Based Cross-Sectional Survey 2007-2009. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2010;17:257-263.

Abstract: The aim of the study is to compare the block characteristic and analgesic duration of equal volume of bupivacaine with either Dexamethasone or Clonidine for brachial plexus block by supraclavicular approach in upper limb surgery. Materials And Methods- After obtaining the institutional ethical approval total 72 patients scheduled for elective upper limb surgery were divided into two groups.Group BD(36) patients received 0.5% Bupivacaine(30 ml) and 8mg(2ml) of Dexamethasone and Group BC (36) patients received 0.5%Bupivacaine(30 ml)with 1 ml Clonidine and 1 ml normal........

Key Words- Brachial plexus block, Block quality, Clonidine, Dexamethasone,Bupivacaine

[1]. Shrestha BR, Maharjan SK, Shrestha S, Gautam B, Thapa C, Thapa PB et al. Comparative study between tramadol and dexamethasone as an admixture to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. J Nepal Med Assoc 2007; 46(168):158-64.
[2]. Klein SM, Greengrass RA, Steele SM, D Ercole FJ, Speer KP,Gleason DH, et al, A comparison of 0.5% bupivacaine, 0.5% ropivacaine, And 0.75% ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block. Anesth Analg 1998;87:1316 9.
[3]. Kuthiala G, Chaudhary G . Ropivacaine: A review of its pharmacology and clinical use. Indian J Anaesth 2011;55:104 -10.
[4]. Stan T, Goodman EJ, Bravo-Fernandez C, Holbrook CR. Adding methylprednisolone to local anesthetic increases the duration of axillary block. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004; 29(4):380-1.
[5]. Yadav RK, Sah BP, Kumar P, Singh SN. Effectiveness of addition of neostigmine or dexamethasone to local anaesthetic in providing perioperative analgesia for brachial plexus block: A prospective, randomized, double blinded, controlled study. Kathmandu University Medical Journal 2008; 6(23):302-9.

Abstract: Introduction: Bronchogenic carcinoma is most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the developed world with incidence rising in developing countries. MDCT is the modality of choice for evaluating the lung carcinomas. The objectives of our study are to assess the role of multi detector computed tomography in diagnosis, characterization and staging of lung cancer and their cytopathological correlation. Methodology: Data was collected from 53 patients with clinically or radiologically suspected pulmonary mass lesion referred for CT scan of chest to Department of Radiodiagnosis GMC, Kota (Rajasthan). Collected data was analyzed based on the variables of the lung lesion seen on CT images followed by CT diagnosis and correlation made with histopathology report........

Keywords: Bronchogenic carcinoma, Multi Detector Computed Tomography and CT/USG guided FNAC.

[1]. Rajesh Kumar Saket et al. Role of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Imaging In Patients with Clinically Suspected Lung Cancer in Kumaun Region of Uttarakhand (India)JMSCR Volume 04 Issue 08 August 2016.
[2]. Hathila N, Goswami D. Radiological evaluation of various types of primary Bronchogenic carcinoma: a study of 65 cases. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2016; 5:919-23.
[3]. Narayanaswamy I, Jayaram N, Ashwathappa S. Multidetector Row Computed Tomography (MDCT) Evaluation of Bronchogenic Carcinoma And Histopathological Correlation. IJMI, 2015; 3(4): 82-83.
[4]. Yadav D, Yadav N, Goyal R, Romana M. Role of multidetector computed Tomography in evaluation of suspected bronchogenic carcinoma. Int J Res Med Sci 2016; 4:829-35.
[5]. Dr. Babu S et al.Multidetector CT Evaluation of Neoplastic Lung Lesions with Image Guided Transthoracic Tissue Sampling.(IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 15, Issue 2 Ver. X (Feb. 2016), PP 50-53..

Abstract: Stroke or cerebrovascular accident is one of the most common Neurological diseases. It is the second leading cause of death worldwide.85percent of strokes are due to Ischaemic Stroke. Major risk factors of ischaemic strokes are hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. Atherosclerotic narrowing of cerebral blood vessels, embolic occlusion from heart and great vessels are principal causes of ischaemic stroke. High-sensitivityC-reactive protein (HsCRP) is an inflammatory marker which appears to be a strong predictor of risk factor and prognostic marker of Ischaemic stroke. Our objectives are to find the acute course of HsCRP and its association with short term prognosis following Ischaemic stroke.This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at M.R.Bangur Hospital, Kolkata........

[1]. Mario Di Napoli, Francesca Papa and Vittorio Bocola; C-Reactive Protein in Ischemic Stroke An Independent Prognostic Factor; Stroke 2001;32:917-924
[2]. Di Napoli M, Di Gianfilippo G, Sollecito A et al., (2000); C-Reactive protein and outcome after first-ever Ischemic Stroke. Stroke; 31:231-233.
[3]. Titto T Idicula, Jan Brogger, Halvor Naess, et al., (2009) Admission C-Reactive protein after acute ischemic stroke is associated with stroke severity and mortality: The "Bergen stroke study‟ BMC Neurology, 9:18.
[4]. Yue Huang Jing, Xing-Quan Zhao, Chun-Xue Wang, et al., (2012): High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein is a Strong Risk Factor for Death after Acute Ischemic Stroke among CNS Neuroscience TherapeuticsV 18, Issue 3, pp 261-266
[5]. M.S.V. Elkind, MD, MS, J.M. Luna, MPH, Y.P. Moon, MS et al., (2009): High-sensitivity Creacitve protein (hs CRP) predict stroke, vascular events, and mortality in prospective cohort study. Neurology vol. 73 no. 16 1300-1307.

Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this preliminary retrospective study was to determine the most common site of fibroma,age and gender distribution of irritational fibroma in oral mucosa among patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College Srinagar. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study of 107 patients with histologically diagnosed irritational fibroma of the oral mucosa. Data was compiled for each case, documenting information relating to age, gender, medication, habits(smoking, oral hygiene), anamnesis (reason for consultation, symptomatology, evolution). Results: There were 43..........

[1]. Barker Ds and lucas RB. Localized fibrous overgrowths of the oral mucosa.Br J oral surg 1967;5:86-92.
[2]. Bouquot JE and Gundlach KKH oral exophytic lesions in 23,616 white Americans over 35 years of age.OralSurg oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;62;284-91
[3]. KleinmanDV ,Swango PA, Niessen LC (1991) Epidemiologic studies of oral mucosal conditions—methodologic issues. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 19:129–1403
[4]. ChristopoulosP,SKlavounou A and Patrikiou A .True fibroma of oral mucosa :a case report int J Oral Maxillofac. Surg 1994;23:98-9
[5]. Milton S. Hypertropy, hyperplasia and repair overgrowth in the oral cavity .In.Tecke RD ed. Oral Pathology , MC Graw-HILL ,New york.1965;242-73.

Abstract: Introduction: Pemphigus group of disorders are classified by antibody mediated bullous lesions affecting skin and mucosa. Accurate diagnosis of these disorders requires clinico pathological correlation along with ELISA and DIF study. Aims and objectives: To correlate the clinical and immunopathological findings as well as diagnostic significance of desmogleins( ELISA) in Pemphigus group of disorders. Patients and methods: A total of 25 Pts with Pemphigus group of disorders observed over a period of one year at Department of DVL, GGH were analysed retrospectively . Detailed clinical examination , HPE examination, ELISA(desmogleins) and immunofluorescence study were done in all cases..........

Keywords: Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigus foliaceous, Pemphigus erythematosus, Direct and Indirect Immunofluorescence

[1]. Abreu-Velez AM, Hashimoto T, Bollag WB, Tobon Arroyave S, Abreu-Velez CE, Londono ML, et al. A unique form of endemic pemphigus in northern Colombia. J Am Acad Dermatol. Oct 2003; 49(4):599-608.
[2]. Ahmed AR, et al, Pemphigus current concepts: Ann.Int.Med. 1980; 92:396.
[3]. 3.Ahmed AR, Spigelman Z, Cavacini LA, Posner MR. Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with rituximab and intravenous immune globulin. N Engl J Med. Oct 26 2006; 355(17):1772-9.
[4]. Amagai M: Pemphigus: autoimmunity to epidermal cell adhesion molecules. Adv Dermatol 11: 319-352, 1996
[5]. Amagai M, Koch PJ, Nishikawa T, Stanley JR. Pemphigus vulgaris antigen (desmoglein 3) is localized in the lower epidermis, the site of blister formation in patients. J Invest Dermatol. Feb 1996; 106(2):351-5..

Abstract: Background: Postmortem examination of the body is an essential procedure in medicine, because, by correlating the gross and microscopic features of the organs with the clinical features and laboratory findings, the exact cause of death can be known. Many a time, a patient is admitted, various investigations done on him and many diagnoses put forward, but, the final and accurate diagnosis is given only after postmortem examination. Postmortem examination helps in the learning process, the eyes actually see as to what from the patient was suffering. It also makes us alert so that further preventable deaths can be prevented. Thus autopsy becomes an indispensable part of medicine.It was Giovanni Battista Morgagni (1682-1771) who demonstrated the importance of morbid anatomy. He correlated anatomy and pathology on one hand, and, clinical medicine on the other.CarlRokitansky..........

Key Words: Autopsy, renal lesions, gross morphology, histopathology

[1]. Amandeep Kauret al:Histopathological Spectrum of Kidney lesions in autopsy-A study of100 cases.JMSCR Vol.06 Issue02 Feb 2018.
[2]. Thesis-Retrospective and prospectivestudy of kidney lesions in autopsy.Dr.Anju R.Banerjee.Jun1987.Govt.Medical College Hospital,Aurangabad (MS)
[3]. Sapna Patel,B.R.Rajalakshmi and GVManjunath:Histopathologic Findings in Autopsies with emphasis on interesting and incidental findings-A Pathologist'sPerspective.J ClinDiagnRes2016Nov;10(11)
[4]. SchiffrinEL et al: Chronic Kidney Disease:Effects on the cardiovascular system.J of Circulation2007; 116:85-97.
[5]. ImaiE,HorioMet al.Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the Japanese general population.ClinExp.Nephrol2009;13;621-630..

Abstract: Aim: The purpose of this study is to describe in detail the clinical and radiological features in patients with H1N1 infection. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in CMCH , Coimbatore and 105 patients were included in the study .The study population included patients admitted with symptoms and signs of flu , RT PCR positive for H1N1 , and undergone CT chest imaging. Clinical signs and symptoms at presentation were recorded . CT chest images were analyzed and the radiological findings was described in detail in terms of opacities and distribution .These findings were correlated with disease severity in terms of need for ventilatory support . Results: The predominant symptoms..........

Keywords: clinical features , ct chest imaging ,consolidation , ventilatory support

[1]. Cho WH, Kim YS, Jeon DS, kim JE, kim KI, Seol HY, et al. Outcome of pandemic H1N1 pneumonia: clinical and radiological findings for severity assessment, Korean J Intern Med. 2011;26:160-7
[2]. Cardiopulmonary Imaging, Chest Radiographic and CT Findings in Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus (S-OIV) InfectionPrachi P. Agarwal, Sandro Cinti and Ella A. Kazerooni
[3]. Imaging features of patients with H1N1 virus pneumonia and acute respiratory failure; Acad Radiol, 2010 Jun;17(6):681-5 doi:10.1016/j.acra.2010.03.013: Henzler T, Meyer M, Kalenka A, Alb M, Schmid-Bindert G, Bartling S, Schoepf JU, Schoenberg SO, Fink c.
[4]. Chest radiography findings in adults with pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza 2010 The British Institute of Radiology; R E McEwen, J E Scriven, C A Green, M S Bailey, A K Banerjee .
[5]. Ajlan AM, Quiney B, Nicolaou S, Muller NL. Swine origin influenza A (H1N1) viral infection:radiographic and CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009;193(6):1494-1499.

Abstract: Ocular complications in head injury are of great clinical importance in localizing the lesion and management. This prospective study evaluates the pattern and clinical profile of ocular complications in 114 patients of head injury attending a tertiary care center over a period of two years. Patients with ocular morbidity were analyzed in relation to age, sex cause of injury and other associated injuries. The major types of ocular complications like soft tissue injury to the globe and adnexa which includes periorbital ecchymosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, lid lacerations and globe rupture in 58 patients, neurophthalmic complications in 56 patients and minor..........

Keywords: Head injury, Ocular Complication, Neurophthalmic complication, Road Traffic accident.

[1]. Baker RS,Epstein AD. Ocular motor abnormalities from head trauma. Survey Ophthalmol 1991;35(4):245-267.
[2]. Duke Elder S,Wybar KC.The Anatomy of Visual System. Eye and Sport Medicine,Vol. 2.CV Mosby:St Louis,1961,pp 559-567.
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[4]. Odebode TO,Ademola-Popoola DS,Ojo TA and Ayanniyi AA.Ocular and visual complications of head injury.Eye(2005) 19,561-566.
[5]. Fite JD.Neuro-ophthalmological syndrome in automobile accident. South Med J 1970;63:567-570.

Abstract: Effective positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the key to successful resuscitation in neonates who fail to establish spontaneous breathing.Thestudy was designed with an objective to evaluate the efficacy of Positive pressure ventilation with T-piece resuscitator & self-inflating bag during neonatal resuscitation. Objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that newborns resuscitated with T-piece resuscitator may have better response to manual ventilation as demonstrated by 1) Better APGAR scores2) Lesser duration of PPV 3) Lesser rate of intubation & barotrauma as compared to those resuscitated with SIB. Primary objective was to compare the mean duration of PPV,to compare the improvement in APGAR score & the intubation rate in delivery room..........

Key words: T-piece resuscitator (TPR),Self inflating bag (SIB) ,APGAR score, Positive pressure ventilation (PPV)

[1]. Wyckoff M H, Chair, Aziz K, Marlin B E, Vishal S K, John K, et al. Part 13: Neonatal resuscitation 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines updated for cardiopulmonary resuscitation & emergency cardiovascular care of newborn. Circ. Aha.2015;132:S543-60.
[2]. Wyllie J, Perlman JM, John K, Wyckoff MH, Aziz K, GuinsburgR,etal. Part 7: Neonatal resuscitation: 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation & Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with treatment recommendation. J.resuscitation. 2015;95:e169-201.
[3]. Australian Resuscitation Council. Section 13. ARC manual of guidelines. Neonatal guidelines. 2006 Available from: http://www.resus.org.au/ [accessed Aug 2016].
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[5]. Anup Thakur, SatishSaluja, ManojModi, NeelamKler, PankajGarg, ArunSoni, et al. T-piece or self-inflating bag for positive pressure ventilation during delivery room resuscitation: An RCT. J. Resuscitation 2015;01:021..

Abstract: Background: Perforation is a major complication of Peptic ulcer disease, occurring in 2-10% of patients. It carries a high risk of mortality and morbidity. To predict such events and to evolve an appropriate plan of management it is important to stratify the patients with perforation based on the presence or absence of known risk factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Boey scoring system as an useful tool to determine the mortality outcome in patients operated for peptic ulcer perforation. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia on 82 patients who underwent laparotomy for closure of perforation between January2004 to December2013. Demographic particulars and details of outcome were collected and transferred into SPSS version 21 software and analysed.Pearson chi square was used for statistical testing. P-value of <0.05 was accepted for statistical significance ..........

Keywords: Boey score, perforated peptic ulcer , prognostication

[1]. K.Soreide,K.Thorsen, E.M.Harrison, et al,Perforated Peptic Ulcer,Lancet 386,2015,1288-98
[2]. MS Zelickson,CM Bronder,BL Johnson et al, Helicobacter pylori is not the predominant etiology for peptic ulcers requiring operation.AmSurg.77,2011,1054-1060.
[3]. TT Zittel,EC Jehle,HD Becker Surgical management of peptic ulcer disease today-indication,technique and outcome. Langencecks Arch Surg. 385,2000,84-96
[4]. M Hermansson, C Stael von Holstein,T Zilling, Surgical approach and prognostic factors after peptic ulcer perforation.Eur.J Surg.165,1999,566-572
[5]. JY Lau,J sung,C Hill et al,Systematic review of the epidemiology of complicated peptic ulcer disease:incidence,recurrence,risk factorsand mortality.Digestion 84,2011,102-113.