iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019

Abstract: Alveolar bone architecture and thickness plays an important role in orthodontics. The primary stability of miniscrews from one side, and the risk of dehiscence and fenestration form the other side exhilarates the importance of skeletal dimensions. Thickness and height of buccal and lingual cortical bone layers may be altered in conjunction with alignment of teeth, inclination of root and occlusal forces. Clinicians must know that cortical bone is thicker in the mandible compared to the maxilla both on the buccal and lingual sides, and also cortical bone is thicker in the posterior region compared to the anterior region on the buccal side. Differences in cancellous bone...... .

[1]. Kapila S, Conley RS, Harrell WE. The current status of cone beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2011;40(1):24-34. doi:10.1259/dmfr/12615645
[2]. Wennstrom JL. Mucogingival considerations in orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod. 1996;2(1):46-54.
[3]. Handelman CS. The anterior alveolus: its importance in limiting orthodontic treatment and its influence on the occurrence of iatrogenic sequelae. Angle Orthod. 1996;66(2):10-95. doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1996)066<0095:TAAIII>2.3.CO;2
[4]. Baysal A, Ucar FI, Buyuk SK, Ozer T, Uysal T. Alveolar bone thickness and lower incisor position in skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod. 2013;43(3):134-140. doi:10.4041/kjod.2013.43.3.134
[5]. Holmes DC, Loftus JT. Influence of bone quality on stress distribution for endosseous implants. J Oral Implantol. 1997;23(3):104-111..

Abstract: Aim and objectives: To compare the conventional and the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology(TBSRTC), to correlate the cases with histology wherever available and to determine the sensitivity, specificity, Positive predictive value and Negativepredictive value of both the methods. Material and methods: A total of 237 patients who presented with thyroid gland swelling were subjected to thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) and the smears were made followed by LG and H&E staining and reporting was done. The conventional system used at our centre includes description of microscopic findings of the case along with an impression at the end. The categorization according to the Bethesda system of reporting thyroid cytology were done using criteria published in the atlas and related literature. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with........

[1]. Mazzaferi EL. Management of a solitary thyroid nodule. N Engl J Med, 1993; 328: 553-559.
[2]. Cooper DS, et al. Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid, 2006; 16(2): 109-142
[3]. Cappelli C, Pirola I, Gandossi E , De Martino E, Agosti B , et al . Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodule; Does the needle matter . South Med J, 2009; 102: 498-501.
[4]. Moslavac S, matesaN ,Kusic Z. Thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology in children and adolescents. CollAntrapol, 2010; 34 : 197 -200
[5]. Basharat R, bukhari MH, saeed S, Hamid T. comparision of fine needle aspiration cytology and thyroid scan in solitary thyroid nodule. Patholog Res Int, 2011; 754041

Abstract: Caesarean Section rate is increasing worldwide. This has raised a professional debate about appropriate indications for the operations . Caesarean Section is the centre of discussion due to most significant delivery event.Recent data indicate that one in five women undergo CS and in most region of world CS rate continue to rise.1 CS has become increasingly common in both developed and developing countries by many reasons.Rate of C-section in India- there is rapid increase in CS deliveries in India also with increase in institutional deliveries. The rate of caesarean increased steadily over last 20 years in India. Rate of all over C-section in India is 2.4% in 1992, 6.8% in 1996, 8.5% in 2005-2006 which increased to 17.2% in 2015-2016.2 Unnecessary CS are costly and potentially life threatening. Risks are associated with CS like-postpartum haemorrhage, hysterectomy...... .

[1]. Betran AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gulmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The Increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990–2014. PLoSONE2016; 11:e0148343
[2]. Cavallaro FL, Cresswell JA , França GVA, Victora CG, Barros AJD, Ronsmans C. Trends in caesarean delivery by country and wealth quintile: cross-sectional surveys in southern Asia and sub Saharan Africa. Bulletin of World Health Organization published on line on August2013. Obtainedfrom 49 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/91/12/13-117598/en/ accessed on August 2014.
[3]. Katke RD, Zarariya AN, Desai PV. LSCS audit in a tertiary care center in Mumbai: to study indications and risk factors in LSCS and it's effect on early perinatal morbidity and mortality rate. Int J ReprodContracept Obstet Gynecol. 2014;3:963-8.
[4]. Stavrou EP , Ford JB , Shand AW , et al . Epidemiology and trends for Caesarean section births in New South Wales, Australia: a population-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2011;11:8,2393.doi:10.1186/1471-2393-11-8
[5]. Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Gulmezoglu AM, Souza JP, Taneepanichskul S, Ruyan P, et al. Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: the WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health. Lancet; 2007-08:490-499

Abstract: The laparoscopic Trans Abdominal Pre-Peritoneal (TAPP) repair and Total Extra Peritoneal (TEP) approach have revolutionized the hernia management. Questions remain about their relative merits and risks. In the light of this, our study aims to compare these two methods of hernioplasty.This comparative observational study was conducted in a medical college hospital in Telangana between Aug 2012 and Aug 2016 with 37 cases aged between 18 and 60 years. Duration of surgery, conversion into open method, post-operative pain, complications, duration of hospital stay and patient satisfaction levels were studied comparatively.TEP and TAPP groups consisted of 17 and 18 patients respectively. The operative time in TAPP group was 93.33..... .

Key words: TEP, TAPP, Inguinal hernia, Laparoscopic surgery

[1]. Lee L Swanstorm: Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy, - Surgclin. N. Am. 1996; 76(3), 483.
[2]. Primatesta P, Goldacre MJ. Inguinal hernia repair; incidence of elective and emergency surgery, readmission and mortality. Int J Epidemiol 1996; 25:835-9.
[3]. Bassini E: Sulla curaredicaladell‟erniainguinale .Arch Soc Ital Chir1887;4:380-388 quoted by Sakorafas GH, HalikiasI,Nissotakis C, et al. Open tension free repair of inguinal hernias;TheLichtensteintechnique.BMCSurgery2001;1:35.
[4]. Usher F, Cogan J, Lowry T. A new technique for the repair of inguinal and incisional hernias. Arch Surg 1960; 81: 187-194.
[5]. Stoppa R E, Rives J L, Warlaumont CR et al. The use of Dacronin the repair of hernias of the groin. SurgClin North Am 1984;64:269-85..

Abstract: Introduction: Medical educators all over the world and also in India strongly emphasize the need for competency in medical graduates. The current medical education system is teacher centred focusing on knowledge acquisition rather than skills. Competency based Medical Education (CBME) provides an effective outcome-based strategy where various domains of teaching including teaching-learning methods and assessment form the framework of competencies. Indian Medical Graduate has to have evidence based, competent approach to show at most professional acumen. With the coming up change in Medical education......

Keywords: Competency based medical education (CBME), Competence, Learner-centred, Communication skills, Skill based learning.

[1]. Frank JR, Snell LS, Cate OT, Holmboe ES, Carraccio C, Swing SR, et al. Competency‐based medical education: Theory to practice. Med Teach 2010;32:638‐45.
[2]. Harris P, Snell L, Talbot M, Harden RM. Competency‐based medical education: Implications for undergraduate programs. Med Teach 2010;32:646‐50.
[3]. Herur A, Kolagi S. Competency-based medical education: Need of the hour: Let's do our bit…!!. BLDE Univ J Health Sci 2016;1:59-60
[4]. WHO. Sexual and reproductive health-Core competenciesin primary health care. Geneva: WHO Publication; 2011. Available from: http://www.whqlibdoc.who.int/ publications/2011/9789241501002_eng.pdf. [Last accessed on 2014 Oct 09].
[5]. Gruppen LD, Mangrulkar RS, Kolars JC. The promise of competency-based education in the health professions for improving global health. Hum Resour Health 2012;10:43..

Abstract: The saphenous artery flap of the lower leg based on the descending genicular branch of the superficial femoral artery .Saphenous artery is a reliable and best local flap for the cover of the defects around the knee joint exposing patella. It has been used successfully in 2 patients for reconstruction of soft tissue defects around the knee. The size of these flaps ranged from 5 x 12 cm to 5 x 18 cm. Both flaps survived completely. These cases had minimal donor site morbidity because their donor sites were skin grafted with minimal post op morbidity. Soft tissue defects over the knee and superior third of the tibia, complicated by exposure of bone, tendon, metal fixation devices or prostheses, require aggressive management. Many local flaps have been devised and used successfully for reconstruction of these soft tissue defects..........

[1]. Plast Reconstr Surg 1987; 80: l-14. 1. Barfod B, Pers M. Gastrocnemius-plasty for primary closure of compound injuries of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg 1970; 52: 124-7.
[2]. Lewis VL Jr, Mossie RD, Stulberg DS, Bailey MH, GriffithBH. The fasciocutaneous flap: a conservative approach to the exposed knee joint. Plast Reconstr Surg 1990; 85: 252-7.
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[4]. Moscona AR, Govrin-Yehudain J, Hirshowitz B. The island Adipofascial flap of the leg 395 fasciocutaneous flap: a new type of flap for defects of the knee. Br J Plast Surg 1985; 38: 512-14.
[5]. Gumener R, Montandon D, Marty F, Zbrodowski A. Subcutaneous tissue flap in the limbs: an anatomical and clinical approach. Ann Plast Surg 1986; 16: 377785..

Abstract:The increasing number of vehicles and the deleterious condition of roads has led to a significant increase in craniofacial trauma.
• Mandible fractures occupy the most frequent facial bone fractures.
• The mandible is a resistant bone and it takes a relatively heavy impact to fracture.
• Apart from road traffic accidents (RTA) can also be a consequence of assaults, bullet injuries, work-related accident and pathological conditions

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Abstract: Background: Stress is an epidemic of 21st century. Medical school environments in India are extremely stressful leading to suicidal attempts by the students. Most common sources of stress among medical students are fear of failure, vast amount of subject that has to be learnt and inability to cope up with high expectations of parents. It can lead to physical and psychological problems as well as poor academic performance. Aim: The main aim of the present study is to know the prevalence of stress in first year MBBS students of Rangaraya medical college and to explore the sources.........

Keywords: Stress, Medical Students, Academic, Non Academic problems;

[1]. South East Asian Journal of medical Education vol3 no.2,2009 by Reem Rachel Abraham,Eva Mahirah binti Zulkifli,Elaine soh Zi Fan,Gan Ning Xin,Jennie Tan Geok Lim
[2]. Ko,S.M., kua,E.H., & Fones,C.S.L.,(1999) stress and the undergraduates,singapore Medical journal,40.pp.627-630
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[5]. Siidik,S.M, Rampal,L, & Kanesan , N, (2003) prevalence of emotional disorders among medical students in a Malaysian University.Asia Pacific Family medicine,2,pp 213-217.

Abstract: Abstract: Haemorrhoidal disease is a common clinical problem in our surgical practice. This is a study of personal series of 200 patients both male and female who were diagnosed as patients of 3rd and 4th degree haemorrhoids and underwent operative treatment by MMH and stapler haemorrhoidopexy. MMH first described in 1937 most popular among many technique use. Whereas a new surgical treatment named as PPH described by longo 1995 is associated with much faster recovery and less post-operative pain. Our study objective to compare the post-operative complications short term result and between these two methods. Methods: It is a retrospective study of 200 patients..........

Key words: Haemorrhoidectomy Stapler Haemorrhoidopexy, Post-surgical Complications

[1]. Fischer, Joset E, master of surgery 5th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007; 1616)
[2]. Ellabban, GM, Stapled haemorrhoidectomy versus traditional haemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of haemorrhoides, world J, Colorectal surg; 2010 ; 2(1); 1.25)
[3]. Essential surgical practice; Higher surgical training in general surgery, Fifth edition; London; United Kingdom, Alfred Cuschieri, George Hanna, 2013:1296)
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Abstract: Introduction : Prehypertension leads to hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk. Identification of cardiovascular risk factors in prehyperensives will reduce the burden of hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk factors in medical professionals of jammu. Material & methods : Study included 184 medical professionals from medical colleges of jammu region. Fasting blood glucose and lipid variables were measured. Results : Biochemical parameters like total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol were statistically significantly high in prehypertensives. Fasting blood glucose and HDL cholesterol were high but not stastically significant.......

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease, Lipid profile, Prehypertension

[1]. Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK and He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet 2005; 365: 217-223.
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Abstract:Diabetic foot ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus which increases the patient morbidity and also have significant socioeconomic impact.This is one of the common presentations of diabetic foot. The diabetic foot may be defined as a group of syndromes in which neuropathy, ischemia and infection lead to tissue breakdown, resulting in morbidity and possible amputation (World Health Organization, 1995). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the various presentations of diabetic foot ulcer like, resistant deep infections, ulcer with cellulitis, severe ischemia leading on to gangrene and to study percentage of surgical intervention like debridement, minor/major amputation. 60 patients of diabetic foot ulcer admitted in the........

[1]. Bakker K, Riley PH. The year of the diabetic foot. Diabetes Voice. 2005;50(1):11-4.
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Abstract: Le diabète (notamment de type2), est un véritable problème de santé publique. En effet, il est actuellement reconnu que le diabète est un facteur de morbi- mortalité vasculaire majeur. De plus, la coronaropathie du diabétique [1], tend à se présenter sous une forme silencieuse (c'est l'ischémie myocardique silencieuse ou IMS), retardant alors le diagnostic et le traitement spécifique, aggravant ainsi le pronostic des patients. En pratique clinique, l'IMS est repérée, chez un patient asymptomatique, devant une anomalie cardiaque lors d'un électrocardiogramme de repos ou d'effort, complété par une scintigraphie myocardique ou une échocardiographie de stress. En cas de suspicion d'IMS significative, une coronarographie est réalisée pour rechercher des lésions coronariennes. Devant.........

[1]. Beller GA. Noninvasive screening for coronary atherosclerosis and silent ischemia in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients: is it appropriate and cost-effective? J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1918–23.
[2]. Puel J, Valensi P, Vanzetto G. Identification of myocardial ischemia in the diabetic patient. Joint ALFEDIAM and SFC recommendations. Diabetes Metab 2004.
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[5]. Langer A, Freeman MR, Josse RG, Amstrong PW. Méta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine imaging in diabetes mellitus: assessment of cardiac sympathetic denervation and its relation to autonomic dysfunction and silent myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;25:610-8..

Abstract:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology marked by symmetric peripheral polyarthritis. Hence it may result in a variety of extra-articular manifestations including fatigue, subcutaneous nodule, lung involvement, pericarditis, peripheral neuropathy, vasculitis and hematological abnormalities.In our study, the extra-articular manifestations develop in 80% of RA factorseropositivity patients, with duration of illness was 15.6years.Anaemia of chronic disease was found to be the most common extra-articular manifestation. Among others,12% cardiac,18%ocular,24% dermatological,27%Pulmonary manifestation,6% overlap syndromes. Extra-articular manifestations contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of rheumatoid arthritis. So careful screening of all patients for extra-articular manifestations may help reduce the same.

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, Extra-articular manifestations, disease duration, morbidity

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Abstract: Myocardial infarction is the irreversible necrosis of heart muscle secondary to prolonged ischemia. Inflammation is an important feature of atheromas. An open label, parallel group, prospective comparative clinical study was conducted in in-patient department of Cardiology in Osmania General Hospital to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin with rosuvastatin in 60 myocardial infarction patients. They were divided in to two groups of 30 patients of above 18 years of age of either sex. GroupAreceived Atorvastatin 40mgorallyonceadaydailyfor3 months.GroupBreceivedRosuvastatin20mg orallyonceadaydailyfor3 months.CRP and ESR wererecordedatbaseline, 1 week andat1monthof treatment.Lipid profile and liver function tests were done at baseline........

Keywords: Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Myocardial Infarction, C reactive protein,Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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[3]. Peter Libby, Paul M. Ridker, AttilioMaseri. Inflammation and atherosclerosis. American Heart Journal 2002;105:1135-1143.
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Abstract: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the antibacterial activity of photoactivated disinfection with FotoSan on an experimental bacterial biofilm in the root canal system consisting of Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis. Material and methods: The study was performed on 22 single root extracted teeth. The selected teeth were prepared with rotary nickel-titanium endodontic files and divided in three groups – two test groups (n=20) and one control group (n=2). According to the root canal disinfection method, the test samples (n=20) were randomized in two sub-groups: 1st group - passive irrigation, 2nd group – photoactivated disinfection with FotoSan. Results: After microbiological analysis no Candida albicans colonies were observed in test samples treated withFotoSanphotoactivated disinfection and the percentage of Enterococcus faecalis was reduced to 99,9%.

Keywords: FotoSan, photoactivated disinfection, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis.

[1]. Pourhajibagher M, Bahador A. Adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy to conventional chemo-mechanical debridement of infected root canal systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PhotodiagnosisPhotodynTher 2019; 26: 19-26.

[2]. Filipov I, Markova K, Boyadzhieva E. Efficency of photoactivated disinfection on experimental biofilm – scaning electron microscopy results. J IMAB 2013; 19 (4): 383-6.

[3]. Halford A, Ohl CD, Azarpazhooh A, Basrani B, Friedman S, Kishen A. Synergisticeffect of microbubbleemulsion and sonicorultrasonicagitationonendodonticbiofilminvitro. JEndod2012;38(11):1530-1534.

[4]. Macedo RG, Verhaagen B, Rivas DF, Versluis M, Wesselink P, vanderSluis L.Cavitationmeasurementduringsonicandultrasonicactivatedirrigation. JEndod 2014;40(4):580-583

[5]. Siddiqui SH, Awan KH, Javed F. Bactericidalefficacy of photodynamictherapyagainst Enterococcusfaecalis ininfectedroot canals: a systematicliteraturereview. PhotodiagnosisPhotodynTher 2013;10(4):632-643.

Abstract: Introduction:Suicide is a known worldwide leading cause of death with psychiatric illnesses listed among the strongest predictor. Cut throat injuries are potentially dangerous, if not treated in time may lead to death of the patient due to asphyxia and hemorrhage. Evaluation and management is complicated due to dense concentration of vital ,vascular, aero digestive, and nervous system structures. A good team consisting of anesthesiologist and surgeons (vascular, ENT) is required to prevent catastrophic airway, vascular, or neurologic sequelae. .case review :there is case series of four case presented to emergency department of susheelatiwari hospital, Haldwani . they were managed successfully with team work of emergency department , anaesthelogist and ENT surgeon. ENT surgeon successfully managed the cut throat injuries and repair .Saving the lifes of many with emergency tracheostomy........

Key words: cut throat, tracheostomy

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Abstract: Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies are among the most frequently identified autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens and have been related with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, these autoantibodies are also sometimes detected in other systemic autoimmune diseases. In the past, the knowledge of the prevalence of anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in various autoimmune diseases and symptoms has been expanded, and clinical importance of these autoantibodies is increasing. Their presence is associated with serologic hyperactivity, vasculitis and nervous system involvement. The aim of this study was to describe a case of anti-Ro/SSA antibodies positive autoimmune vasculitis, a rare and severe medical condition

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