iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019

Abstract: Red blood cell histogram is an integral part of automated analysis which in association with red blood cell indices, hematocrit and red blood cell distribution width provides major clues in the diagnosis and management of red cell disorders4. Histograms are graphic representation of cell frequencies verses size5. Owing to the fact that manual microscopic examination of the blood smear is subjective, time consuming and quite misleading impressions can be drawn from inadequately prepared smears, during the past three decades, a number of automated hematology analyzers have been developed; most of which directly measure two RBCs parameters, RBCs count and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)9. Complete blood count parameters like red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are useful along with histogram for interpretation of abnormal red blood cell morphology.1,..... .

[1]. Bessman JD, Gilmer PR Jr, GardnerFH. Improved classification of anemias by MCV and RDW.Am J clin pathol.1983: 80(3):322-6
[2]. Fossat C, David M, Harle JR, Sainty D, Horschowski NVerdot JJ, Mongin M et al. New parameters in erythrocyte counting value of histograms. Archpathol Lab Med. 1987;111(12):1150-54
[3]. Gulati GL, Hyun BH; The Automated CBC. A current perspective. HematoloncolClin North Am.1994;8(4):593-603
[4]. Constantino BT. The red cell histogram and the dimorphic red cell population. Lab Medicine 2011;42:300-8.
[5]. Shirish M Kawthalkar, Essentials of Clinical Pathology. Jaypee; Automation in hematology; First edition; 2012: Page 319-326
[6]. Sandhya I, Muhasin T. Study of RBC histogram in various anemias. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2014; Volume:3, Issue:74,; Page: 15521-15534.

Abstract: Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Many prognostic markers have been evaluated in prognosis of AMI , Uric acid is one such marker that has been evaluated to assess the prognosis in patients with AMI. Various mechanisms have been postulated for the deleterious effects of hyperuricemia with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, which includes endothelial dysfunction, oxidative metabolism, platelet adhesiveness and aggregation, intracellular stress and inflammation leading to endothelial injury and enhancement of vasoconstrictor effects. Aim: To correlate serum uric acid levels with Killip class and to observe any relationship between serum uric acid level and mortality following AMI........

Key words: Uric Acid, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Mortality

[1]. Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth G, Ezzati M, Mensah G, Flaxman A, et al. The Global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the global burden of disease 2010 study. Global Heart. 2014; 9(1):1493-501.
[2]. Omidvar B, Ayatollahi F, Alasti M. The prognostic role of serum uric acid level in patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Journal of the Saudi Heart Association. 2012; 24(2):73-78
[3]. Kim SY, Guevara JP, Kim KM, Choi HK, Heitjan DF, Albert DA. Hyperuricemia and risk of stroke: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Arthritis Care Res. 2009; 61:885-92.
[4]. Nadkar MY, Jain VI. Serum uric acid in acute myocardial infarction. JAPI. 2008; 56(10):759-62.
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Abstract: INTRODUCTION Chronic kidney disease is a growing health burden in the world, with an estimate of nearly 20 million affected.CKD is defined as either sustained reduction in kidney function with a glomerular filtration rate is less than 60ml/min/1.73 mt2 or evidence of kidney damage . Lack of erythropoietin ,iron , deficiency anemia and shortened red cell lifespan are the major factor contributing to anemia in CRF.Another possibility is nutritional deficiency,vegetarian diet or deranged metabolism of vitamins in uremic patients OBJECTIVE : To Define prevalence of Vitamin B12 deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients MATERIALS AND METHOD..... .

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Abstract: Background: Anemia in pregnancy continues to be a major public health problem in the world despite decades of proposed solutions, women in developing countries are still suffering the effects of having to go through a pregnancy in an anemic state. Hence this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of anemia its latent and pre latent among the pregnant women in our geographical area. Methods: The patients age, parity,pregnancy interval,socioeconomic status etc of 100 patients (50 anemic + 50 controls) were noted and blood was collected for blood investigations which included Hb,Hemogram,serum ferritin,serum iron,TIBC,% of transferrin saturation..... .

Key words: Anemia, fetal outcome,Hb,pregnancy,s.iron,TIBC,Transferrin saturation

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Abstract: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) may take the form of acute involvement or chronic liver disease. The severity and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease depends on the amount, pattern and duration of alcohol consumption, as well as on the presence of liver inflammation, diet, nutritional status and genetic predisposition of an individual. NAFLD is characterised by fatty infiltration of the liver, mostly in the form of triglycerides, which exceeds 5% of the liver weight. NAFLD is histologically similar to alcoholic liver disease, but by definition it occurs in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption.This study was conducted on a total of 90 individuals which included 30 patients of ALD, 30 patients of NAFLD and 30 age and sex matched healthy individuals. Detailed history, clinical.....

Keywords: Liver profile, ALD, NAFLD, AST/ALT ratio, GGT, ALP, Bilirubin

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Abstract: Objectives: To study the clinical presentation, etiological, factors, biochemical parameters and outcome in patients of acute pancreatitis in a tertiary care hospital at Guntur. Materials and methods: 140 cases of acute pancreatitis over a period of 15 months were studied in detail including presenting complaint, clinical examination and investigations. All patients were observed for complications and supportive treatment was given and outcome was observed. Results: The affected age group was 17 – 58 years with a male to female ratio of 9:1. Pain abdomenwas the presenting complaint in all cases.........

Key words: Acute Pancreatitis (AP), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), Body Mass Index (BMI), Common Bile Duct (CBD),Liver Function Tests (LFT), Renal Function Tests (RFT). Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE), Zudovidina (ZLN).

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[4]. Nitesh Negi1, Jatinder Mokta2 Clinical Profile and Outcome of Acute Pancreatitis: A Hospital- Based Prospective Observational Study in Sub HimalayanState , Journal of The Association of Physicians of India Vol. 66 March 2018.
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Abstract: There has been a rapid growth in the interest of Anaesthesiologists in the management of acute pain and postoperative pain1 over the past few decades. More focus on procedure-specific effects of Gabapentin in postoperative pain, demonstrated that preoperative Gabapentin reduces 24-h postoperative opioid consumption for patients in abdominal hysterectomy and spinal surgery2.Pregabalin is a structural analog of gamma aminobutyric acid, which shares some characteristics with its predecessor, Gabapentin. Its mechanism of action is probably the same as Gabapentin but it has a superior pharmacokinetic profile3. It is claimed to be more effective in preventing neuropathic component of acute nociceptive pain of surgery, to produce more opioid-.........

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Abstract: Nigeria is a major contributor to the global burden of maternal mortality. Many believe this is as a result of limited access to routine and emergency obstetric services especially among the rural poor. One of the important challenges in the effort to reduce both maternal and neonatal complications in rural areas still remains the ability to deliver promptly emergency C-section. Between October 2015 and April 2018 (30 months period) our rural private hospital performed 191 cesarean sections. The indications for C/S were: failure to progress in labour (41.88%) previous C/S (31.42%), abnormal presentations (9.42%) multiple pregnancies (4.7%), Uterine ruptures (4.19%), ante-partum hemorrhage (4.19%), pregnancy induced hypertension 4.19% and others.........

Keywords: Cesarean delivery, resource-poor country, rural community, private hospital, obstetric services, maternal and infant mortality.

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Abstract: Introduction: Acute Encephalitis syndrome is a serious public health problem in India and a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children. JE virus is the major cause of AES in India ranging from 5 to 35% . [1] ,[2]. During 2018, total 10485 AES cases and 632 deaths were reported from 17 states to the national vector borne diseases control programme (NVBDCP) in India, with a case fatality rate around 6 percent. [3],[4]. Acute Encephalitis Syndrome is a major health problem in the state of Assam. In the state of Assam, several districts of upper Assam , have been experiencing recurrent episodes of AES with different magnitudes [5] . Under this backdrop, the present study was undertaken to know the clinical profile and outcome of children admitted with AES.......

Key words: Acute encephalitis syndrome, fever with altered sensorium, JE positive AES, neurological sequelae, mortality.

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Abstract: Hepatitis B Virus, belonging to the Hepadnaviridae family, is a small enveloped DNA virus whose partially double stranded DNA genome is maintained in a circular confirmation. The nucleocapsid core antigen (HBcAg) is surrounded by an outer lipoprotein coat containing the surface antigen (HBsAg). On the basis of the antibody response to HBsAg, four major subtypes of HBsAg have been recognized and designated as adw, ayn, adr, and ayr. The distribution of the four subtypes varies geographically, however because of the common "a" antigen, protection against one subtype appears to confer protection against other subtypes. HBV infection is the most important infectious occupational hazard in the dental profession and has frequently been transmitted in dental practice........

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Abstract: In the modern world, diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global health problem.1 World Health Organization (WHO) defines diabetes mellitus (DM) as a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (or blood sugar), which leads to damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Four hundred twenty-two million people suffering from it, and its incidence is rapidly rising in the middle- and low-income countries.2 There is a globally aimed to halt the rise in diabetes by 2025.2 The hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in diabetes causes endothelial and pericyte injury, making it a prothrombotic state........

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Abstract: Introduction: Thyroid gland produces hormones T3 and T4. The release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland is controlled by thyrotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in the brain and by thyroid stimulating hormone produced by pituitary gland.Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition characterised by transient or progressive impairment of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones with compensatory thyroid enlargement. Its prevalence in the developed world is4-5%(1,2). Aim: To evaluate uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients and to prevent onset of Gout in hypothyroidism. Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in Osmania general hospital between January and March 2019.Both male and female........

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Abstract: Aim: 1.To determine the prevalence, etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of oculomotor nerve palsies, 2. an analysis of incidence of various ophthalmic manifestations carried out. Methods: The present clinical study comprises of patients who attended the ophthalmology out – patient department and patients who are admitted in neurology department. 36 newly diagnosed cases of isolated oculo motor nerve palsy or paralysis seen in Gov. Gen. Hospital, Vijayawada during the period of two and half years ,were included in the study. Inclusion of Criteria is Patients with isolated third cranial nerve palsy were included in this study. Exclusion criteria is Patients with Myasthenia gravis, Myopatheies and Thyroid Ophthalmopathy were excluded in this study........

Keywords: Occulomotor nerve Palsy, Diabetes, Trauma, Hypertension , vascular micro angiopathy.

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