iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019

Abstract: Background: Sexual dysfunction occurs in most of the psychiatric illness. It is said that the disease per se and the psychotropic medications result in these sexual dysfunctions. But literature predominantly includes studies addressing drug induced sexual dysfunction. Studies on sexual dysfunction as a result of the illness per se are scarce. Studies performed in this area include only single diagnosis and comparative analysis between the various diagnoses is scarce. Spontaneous reporting of sexual issues is also very low. Hence identifying these sexual issues and addressing them would improve treatment outcomes and overall well-being. Aim of the study: To study the prevalence...... .

[1]. Simons, J.S., and Carey, M.P. Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions: Results from a decade of research. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30:177-219, 2001.
[2]. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 10ed.
[3]. Johnsen E, Kroken R, Løberg EM, Kjelby E, Jørgensen HA. Sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in male psychotic inpatients: a cross-sectional study. Adv Urol. 2011; 2011: 686924.
[4]. Perlman CM, Martin L, Hirdes JP, Curtin-Telegdi N, Pérez E, Rabinowitz T.Prevalence and predictors of sexual dysfunction in psychiatric inpatients. Psychosomatics. 2007 Jul-Aug; 48(4):309-18.
[5]. Friedman, S. & Harrison,G. (1984) Sexual histories, attitudes and behaviour of schizophrenic and normal women. Archives of Sexual Behaviour, 13, 555 - 567...

Abstract: Introduction: Scrub typhus is an important cause of acute febrile illness in South and East Asia and the Pacific. The causative agent is distinct from but related to Rickettsia species, i.e. Orientia tsutsugamushi. O. tsutsugamushi is transmitted via bite of a larval stage (Chigger) of a trombiculid mite (Leptotrombidium), which serves as both vector and reservoir. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out on all serologically confirmed 93 cases of scrub typhus, admitted in a tertiary care teaching hospital during a one year period from January 2018 to December 2018. All serologically confirmed (anti O. tsutsugamushi IgM antibody positive) scrub typhus cases admitted in the hospital during the study period were included in the study...........

Key Words: Scrub typhus, ELISA, vector, reservoir

[1]. P Aggarwal, Mahesh DM, Ravi Kumar V, Pratibha Himral, SS Kaushal, BS Verma. Atypical Eschar Sites in Scrub Typhus in Sub-Himalayas. JAPI 2009; 57:153.
[2]. S Senthilkumaran, N Balamurgan, V Karthikeyan, and P Thirumalaikolundusubramanian. Eschar- A Forgotten Focus of Concern. J Glob Infect Dis 2010; 2(2):195-196.
[3]. SK Mahajan, R Kashyap, A Kanga, V Sharma, BS Prasher, LS Pal. Relevance of Weil-Felix Test in Diagnosis of Scrub Typhus in India. JAPI 2006; 54:619-621.
[4]. Saah AJ. Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and practice of infectious disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone, 2000; 2056-2057.
[5]. Coleman et al, Comparative evaluation of selected diagnostic assays for the detection of IgG and IgM antibody to Orientia tsutsugamushi in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002; 67:497-503

Abstract: Introduction: Dengue is an acute viral infection hyper-endemic in tropics where significant population isat risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 50 million dengue infections occur annually, making it as the most rapidly spreading arbo viral infection Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was taken up involving 40 adults diagnosed with dengue fever and admitted to Maheswara Medical College between December 2017 to December 2018. Patients were classified according to WHO criteria based on the severity of presentation and were grouped as: Group 1 Dengue fever (DF), Group 2 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Group 3 Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). All patients were included into the study after obtaining written informed patient consent Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Sample size has been taken based on the convenience of the study...... .

Key words: Dengue, haemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome,

[1]. Clyde K, Kyle JL, Harris E. Recent advances in deciphering viral and host determinants of dengue virus replication and pathogenesis. J Virol2006;80(23):11418-31.
[2]. Zhang F, Kramer CV. Corticosteroids for dengue infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;(7):CD003488.
[3]. Villar-Centeno LA, Díaz-Quijano FA, Martínez-Vega RA. Biochemical alterations as markers of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008;78(3):370-4.
[4]. Bansal D, Bhatti HS, Sehgal R. Role of cholesterol in parasitic infections. Lipids Health Dis 2005;4:10.
[5]. Belay E, Seifu D, Amogne W, et al.Lipid profile derangements among human immunodeficiency virus infected adults receiving firstline anti-retroviral therapy in Tikur Anbesa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: comparative cross-sectional study. J AIDS & Clin Res 2014;5(8):328.

Abstract: Introduction: Dengue fever (DF) is increasingly recognized as one of the world's major vector borne diseases. Dengue is prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. Over 2.5 billion people over 40% of the world's population are now at risk from dengue. WHO currently estimates there may be 50-100 million dengue infections worldwide every year. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was planned & carried out among MBBS students of tertiary care hospital during February 2018 to August 2018. A prestructured & self-administered questionnaire was prepared, validated & used to collect information regarding knowledge, attitude & practices regarding dengue fever from MBBS students. The study population included all the MBBS students of class 2nd, 3rd year who were present at the time of study. Total 150 MBBS students were included in the study....... .

Key words: Dengue fever, MBBS, Semi-urban areas

[1]. Malhotra G, Yadav A, Dudeja P. Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding Dengue among rural and slum communities in North Indian city, India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2014;3:295-99.
[2]. Acharya A, Goswami K, Srinath S. Awareness about dengue syndrome and related preventive practices amongst residents of an urban resettlement colony of South Delhi. J Vect Borne Dis. 2005;42:122-27.
[3]. Gupta N, Srivastava S, Jain A, Chaturvedi UC. Dengue in India. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2012;136(3):376-90.
[4]. Chellaiyan VG, Manoharan A, Ramachandran M. Knowledge and awareness towards Dengue infection and its prevention: a cross sectional study from rural area of Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017;4:494-99.
[5]. Syed M, Saleem T, Sayeda UR, Habib M, Zahid R. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding dengue fever among adults of high and low socioeconomic groups. J Pak Med Assoc. 2010;60(3):243-47.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Hepatic encephalopathy is an extra hepatic complication of impaired liver function and is manifested as neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms associated with acute or chronic liver disease in the absence of other neurological disorders. This study aims to ascertain the spectrum of precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Methods: 100 cases of cirrhosis of the liver who presented in hepatic encephalopathy admitted to Sri Venkateswara Ramnarain Ruia Government General Hospital(SVRRGGH) ,Tirupati between may 2017 and april 2018 were studied. All patients of more than 18 years of age, manifesting with signs of hepatic encephalopathy were included, and those who had acute fulminant hepatitis or non cirrhotic portal hypertension were excluded from the study. Detailed history, clinical examination and thorough investigations were done to look for any precipitating factor and the findings were recorded on a proforma and prognostic stratification through Child-Pugh score was done....... .

Key words: Hepatic Encephalopathy, Precipitating factors

[1]. Worobetz LJ. Hepatic encephalopathy. In: Thomson AR, Shaffer EA, editors.
[2]. First principles of gastroenterology. 3rd ed. Toronto: University of Toronto press; 2000. p. 537-39.
[3]. Moriwaki H, Shiraki M, Iwasa J, Terakura Y. Hepatic encephalopathy as a complication of liver cirrhosis: An Asian perspective. J GastroenterolHepatol 2010;25:858-63
[4]. Kalaitzakis E, Olsson R, Henfridsson P, Hugosson I, Bengtsson M, Jalan R et al.
[5]. Malnutrition and diabetes mellitus are related to hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver Int 2007;27:1194-201.

Abstract: Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, reduced muscle activity and inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS; 200 night shift women workers(working hours from 10 pm to 6 am for more than 2 years) with age 30-40 years of age who were cleaning the roads taken as study group and 200 day shift women workers (working hours from 8am to 4 pm for more than 2 years ) with age 30-40 years of age who were working in the medical college taken as control group. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressures were recorded in sitting position with mercury sphygmomanometer. This study was conducted on 200 day workers and 200 shift workers. There is statistically significant rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in night shift women workers than day workers.

[1]. Ferri, R., Manconi, M., Plazzi, G., Bruni, O., Vandi, S., Montagna, P.Zucconi, M. (2008). A quantitative statistical analysis of the submentalis muscle EMG amplitude during sleep in normal controls and patients with REM sleep behavior disorder. Journal of Sleep Research, 17(1), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00631.x

[2]. Jump up to:"Brain Basics: Understanding Sleep". Office of Communications and Public Liaison, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2013.

[3]. "Sleep-wake cycle: its physiology and impact on health" (PDF). National Sleep Foundation. 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.

[4]. Paola Lusardi, Annalisa Zoppi . Effects of insufficient sleep on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A 24-h study , American Journal of Hypertension. Volume 12, Issue 1, 1 January 1999, Pages 63–68,https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7061(98)00200-3

[5]. Park S, Nam J, Lee JK, Oh SS, Kang HT, Koh SB. Association between night work and cardiovascular diseases: analysis of the 3rd Korean working conditions survey. Ann Occup Environ Med. 2015;27:15. doi: 10.1186/s40557-015-0064-1.

Abstract: The study entitled "An analysis on the reduction of deeper fracture lines in two and three points fixation on zygoma fracture" was taken up with an aim to compare the treatment and to look which one gives a better surgical outcome in terms of stability and osteosynthesis after rigid titanium mini plate fixation. A total of 67 cases of fracture zygomawho had undergone Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using titanium mini plate in two point and three point fixation was studied during the period from November 2016 to November 2018. The study was conducted in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Manipur. The deeper fracture line (Inner table or cortex gap) was reassessed after one month of ORIF by CT Scan on follow up.After the nasal bone........... .

[1]. Covington D S, Wainwright D J, Teichgraeber J F, Parks D H. Changing patterns in the epidemiology and treatment of zygoma fractures: 10-year review. J Trauma 1994;37(2):243–8.
[2]. Afzelius LE, Rosen C. Facial fractures: a review of 368 cases. Int J Oral Surg 1980;9(1):25-32.
[3]. Mansion PN. Facial fractures. PerspectPlastSurg 1988;2(3):1-36. [4]. Hogg NJ, Stewart TC, Armstrong JE, Girotti MJ. Epidemiology of maxillofacial injuries at trauma hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 1997. J Trauma 2000;49(3):425–32.
[5]. Jeffrey MJ, Ioannis PG. Orbital fractures: a review. ClinOphthalmol 2011;5(2):95–100.

Abstract: One of the most important causes of premature death is Hypertension across the world rated by WHO. A systematic analysis conducted by the Global and Regional Burden of Disease and Risk Factors study (2001) has rated hypertension as the second most important cause in south Asia for attributable deaths and attributable disease burden. Vitamin D3 has an association with hypertension which is proven by many studies. Hence while providing the treatment for hypertension, the concerned medical practitioners should observe vitamin D3 levels as well. The present work studied the treatment categories in essential hypertension on the basis of serum vitamin D3 levels. The study concluded that for patients having severe vitamin D3 level deficiency, triple drug therapy should be given for better results and such patients who have sufficient level of vitamin D3, they may be treated with single drug therapy. This means that higher low value of vitamin D3 higher the level of treatment.

[1]. https://www.healthline.com/health/essential-hypertension
[2]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14730320

[3]. Lopez AD, Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Jamison DT, Murray CJ. Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: systematic analysis of population health data. The Lancet. 2006 May 27;367(9524):1747-57.

[4]. Pavlović D, Josipović J, Pavlović N. Vitamin D in Cardiovascular and Renal Disease Prevention/Vitamin D u PrevencijiKardiovaskularneiBubrežneBolesti. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2013 Jan 1;32(1):11-5.

[5]. Lee JH, O'Keefe JH, Bell D, Hensrud DD, Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency: an important, common, and easily treatable cardiovascular risk factor?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008 Dec 9;52(24):1949-56.

Abstract: Background: Pregnancy is a physiologic state that can becomplicated by pregnancy related acute kidney injury (PRAKI)which may occur at any stage of pregnancy and in postpartum,in previously healthy women.It is associated with variable obstetric outcomesoften with significant butpreventable foeto-maternal morbidity and mortality. Objective:To determine maternal characteristics of in-patients with PRAKI at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya Methods:We carried out a descriptive study on in-patient pregnant women with gestation age of 28 completed weeks or more and postpartum women within six weeks after deliveryadmitted inlabour ward or the post-natal wards at KNH. Study started after approval by the KNH- University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee. Data was obtained from the patientthrough verbal interviews andfrom the medical records using a pretested data capture form.The participants were followed up for a maximum of two weeks or until discharge. The patient management wasleft at the discretion of attending clinician............

Key Words: PRAKI, KNH,hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, still births,Kenya

[1]. Mehrabadi A, Liu S, Bartholomew S, Hutcheon JA, Magee LA, Kramer MS, Liston RM, Joseph KS: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the recent increase in obstetric acute renal failure in Canada: population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ 349: g4731, 2014
[2]. Hildebrand AM, Liu K, Shariff SZ, Ray JG, Sontrop JM, Clark WF, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of AKI treated with Dialysis during pregnancy and the postpartum period. J Am Soc Nephrol.2015 Dec; 26(12):3085-91.
[3]. Acharya A, Santos J, Linde B, Anis K: Acute kidney injury in pregnancy-current status. Adv. Chronic Kidney Dis. 20: 215–22, 2013

[4]. Godara SM, Kute VB, Trivedi HL, et al. Clinical profile and outcome of acute kidney injury related to pregnancy in developing countries: a single-center study from India. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2014; 25:906–911
[5]. Susana M. Nuno F, Andreia B, Maria S, Luís F, Paulo M, et al. Acute kidney injury in pregnancy: A clinical challenge. J Nephrol. 2012 Feb; 25(01): 19- 30.

Abstract: Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis that is characterised with hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and inflammatory inflammation in the epidermis and dermis. The high prevalence of atherosclerosis is reported in psoriatic patients which is attributed to high serum lipid profile marking an abnormal lipid metabolism. In this study, the lipid profile of patients were compared with that of controls. Aims and objectives: 1) Assessment of fasting lipid profile in patients diagnosed with psoriatic patients. 2) Assessment of Correlation between fasting lipid profile and severity of psoriasis. 3) Assessment of results to review the possible usefulness as markers for risk factors of development of cardiovascular disease. Method: this study was designed and conducted as a case control study with 40 cases and 40 controls. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL was significantly higher in psoriatic patients (p<0.05) but not for HDL (p > 0.05).............. .

[1]. Icen M. Crowson CS, McEvoy MT, Gabeiel SE, Kremers HM.et al. Trends in incidence of adult-onset psoriasis over three decades: a population based study. J of American Academy of Dermatology. 2009, 60 (3) ; 394-401.
[2]. Raychaudari SP, Farher EM. The prevalence of psoriasis in the world. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2001;15:16-7.
[3]. 1. Bijlmakers MJ, Kanneganti SK, Barker JN, Trembath RC, Capon F. Functional analysis of the RNF114 psoriasis susceptibility gene implicates innate immune responses to double-stranded RNA in disease pathogenesis. Hum Mol Genet. 2011; 15: 3129 – 3137.
[4]. Ortonne JP. Recent developments in the understanding of the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 1999; 140: 1 – 7.
[5]. Kraeger JG, Bowcock A. Psoriasis pathophysiology: current concepts of pathogenesis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64 (suppl 2): ii30 – ii36.

Abstract: Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare, benign, generally self-limiting disease that has higher prevalence in Asian people with a few cases reported in European countries1. It generally afects young females and characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy2. Here, we present a case of a 25-year-old woman who was extensively examined for right axillary lymphadenopathy associated with fever, night sweats, fatigue, and weight loss. She was diagnosed as having the KFD only after an excision biopsy of the largest right axillarylymph node and was then managed symptomatically with NSAIDs. We finally highlight that it is noteworthy to consider KFD as differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy since a misdiagnosis of lymphoma, tuberculosis and metastasis is actually feasible and an early biopsy has to be taken into account for confirming diagnosis and helping in the timely and appropriate management.

[1]. D. Deaver, P. Horna, H. Cualing, and L. Sokol, "Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease," Cancer Control, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 313–321, 2014.
[2]. A. Biggio, A. Lai, G. Demontis, S. Cossu, L. Canu, and E. Proto, "Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease with lateral neck localisation: a case report," Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 322–325, 2003.
[3]. S. Pallotti, A. Gasbarrone, and S. Giuliano, "Necrotising histiocytic lymphadenitis in a patient with hypothyroidism. Aetiopatho-genesis and description of a rare clinical case," Minerva Endocrinologica, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 255–257, 2003.
[4]. C. Vergara, A. Pilato, M. Novelli, A. Inverso, and D. Fico, "Una rara causa di linfoadenopatia: malattia di Kikuchi- Fujimoto," Recenti Progressi in Medicina, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 239–241, 2012.
[5]. F. Prignano, A. M. D'Erme, F. Zanieri, D. Bonciani, and T. Lotti, "Why is Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease misleading?," International Journal of Dermatology, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 564–567, 2012.