iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019

Abstract: Tuberculosis is a disease that causes high morbidity and mortality and continues to be a major health problem all over the world specially developing countries like India. It causes illness in large number of people of all ages every year and is one of the major causes of death from infectious diseases. The objective of the study was to find out prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the catchment area of F.H. Medical College, Agra. Sputum samples were collected from 1,983 symptomatic patients. Slides stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method were examined for the presence of Acid fast bacilli. Still this is the simplest way of diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries..........

Key word: pulmonary tuberculosis, prevalence, Ziehl-Neelsen method

[1]. Smith I. Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis and molecular determinants of virulence. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(3):463-96. [2]. Marcoa R, Ribeiro AI, Zao I, Duarte R. Tuberculosis and gender - Factors influencing the risk of tuberculosis among men and women by age group. Pulmonology. 2018;24(3):199-202
[3]. Murray CJ, Styblo K, Rouillon A. Tuberculosis in developing countries: burden, intervention and cost. Bull Int Union Tuberc. Lung Dis. 1990;65:6-24.
[4]. Dye C, Scheele S, Dolin P, Pathania V, Raviglione MC. Global burden of Tuberculosis: Estimated incidence, prevalence and mortality by country. JAMA. 1999;282:677-86.

[5]. N.O. Nwachukwu, R.A. Onyeagba, V.O. Nwaugo, O.C. Ugbogu and A.E. Ulasi. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in anambra state, nigeria. FUW Trends in Science & Technology Journal. 2016,1(2);486-492

Abstract: Background-Emphysematous cystitis is one of the uncommon disease which characterized by the presence of gas in the bladder wall and or lumen. The gas found in the bladder consists of nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide but exact mechanisms for underlying gas formation are not clear. It is one of the rare form of complicated urinary tract infection. The primary risk factors are diabetes mellitus, urinary tract obstruction, neurogenic bladder, and female sex. It can be considered in cases of urinary tract infections especially in diabetic patients with unusual presentations. Its clinical manifestations usually ranging from asymptomatic to severe sepsis. Imaging studies like conventional plain abdominal radiography and computed tomography are necessary to...........

Key words :Emphysematous cystitis, Diabetes mellitus, UTI, CT scan, Antibiotics

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[2]. A. A. Thomas, B. R. Lane, A. Z. Thomas, E. M. Remer, S. C. Campbell, and D. A. Shoskes,―Emphysematous cystitis: a review of 135 cases,‖ British Journal ofUrology International, vol. 100, no.1, pp. 17–20, 2007.

[3]. User, Neşe Nur , Ertekin, Ayse . "Emphysematous Cystitis: A Case Report Emphysematous Cystitis". Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 10 / 2 (April 2019): 65-67. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.551142
[4]. Bailey H. Cystitis emphysematosa; 19 cases with intraluminal and interstitial collections of gas. Am J Roentgenol Radium TherNucl Med 1961; 86 : 850–62

[5]. Eken A, Alma E. Emphysematous cystitis: The role of CT imaging and appropriate treatment. Can Urol Assoc J. 2013;7(11-12):E754–E756. doi:10.5489/cuaj.472.

Abstract: Hypothyroidism, which results from deficiency of thyroid hormones causes a generalized derangement of metabolic processes. Hypothyroidism is related with many biochemical abnormalities. One of them is increased serum uric acid levels. Disturbance in thyroid hormones affects purine metabolism which leads to alteration in the uric acid levels, leading to hyperuricemia and subsequently causing gout. Objective of the study is to assess serum uric acid levels in hypothyroid patients and to find out any correlation between serum uric acid and TSH. This study was a cross-sectional study comprising of age and sex matched 60 individuals. Study group comprised of suspected cases of hypothyroidism. Serum TSH, fT4 and uric acid level were estimated after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Key words: Hypothyroidism, Hyperuricemia, Uric acid, TSH, fT4.

[1]. Orlova M M, Rodionova T I. Functional state of kidneys in patients with clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2: 1-5 (2013)
[2]. Schwarz C, Alexander BL, Spiros A, Georg MF, Heinz Z, Aristomenis KE, et al. Thyroid function and serum electrolytes: Does an association really exist? Eur J Med Sci 2012;142: w13669.
[3]. Farnsworth AE, Dobyns BM. Hypercalcaemia and thyrotoxicosis. Med J Aust 1974; 2(21):782-4.
[4]. Karanikas G, Schutz M, Szabo M, Becherer A, Wiesner K, Dudczak R, et al. Isotopic renal function studies in severe hypothyroidism and after thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Am J Nephrol. 2004; 24: 41–5.
[5]. Giordano N, Santacroce C, Mattii G, Geraci S, Amendola A, Gennari C. Hyperuricemia and gout in thyroid endocrine disorder. ClinExpRheumatol. 2001; 19: 661–5.

Abstract: Background: Poisoning is a global public health problem largely underexplored in North east India. This study describes the mode (suicidal, accidental, homicidal) and type of poisoning; relation to age, sex, occupation; outcome of different type of poisons and requirement of ventilatory support in different type of poisonings. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observational study was conducted in Department of Medicine of GUWAHATI NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, NORTH GUWAHATI over a period of one year. A total of 234 patients were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. RESULTS Poisoning was............

Keywords- Organophosphate, Poisoning, Snake Bite, Ventilatory Support

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[4]. Ahuja H, Mathai AS, Pannu A, et al. Acute poisonings admitted to a tertiary level intensive care unit in northern India. Patient profile and outcomes. J of Clin and Diagn Res 2015;9(10):1-4.
[5]. Mittal N, Shafiq N, Bhalla A. A prospective observational study on different poisoning cases and their outcomes in a tertiary care hospital. SAGE Open Med 2013;1:1-5.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: -Fungi are common inhabitant of environment and are generally harmless, of low virulence & considered non pathogenic. They often don't cause disease in persons having good immunity. Their significance has considerably increased in present scenario as numberof patients with compromised immunity are increasing day by day. Beside common fungal infections, ocular infections are of greater significance as they can cause severe complications if not diagnosed and managed properly. Objective of the study is to make clinicians aware of serious nature of fungal ocular infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: - Various.........

[1]. Anthony Amend, GaetanBurgaud, Michael Cunliffe, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Cassandra L. Ettinger, M. H. Gutiérrez, Joseph Heitman, Erik F. Y. Hom, Giuseppe Ianiri, Adam C. Jones,MaikoKagami, Kathryn T. Picard, C. Alisha Quandt, SeshagiriRaghukumar, MertixellRiquelme, Jason Stajich, José Vargas-Muñiz, Allison K. Walker, Oded Yarden, Amy S. Gladfelter. Questions and Fungi in the Marine Environment: Open Unsolved Problems..DanielleA. Garsin, Editor.DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01189-18.
[2]. J Bras Pneumol.Fungal infections in immunocompromised patientsChapter 8 2010 Jan-Feb;36(1):142-7.
[3]. Chian-Yong Low1,2 and Coleman Rotstein21876720Emerging fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.F1000 Med Rep. 2011; 3: 14. Published online 2011 Jul 1. doi: 10.3410/M3-14
[4]. Kalkanci A1, Ozdek S.Ocular fungal infectionsCurr Eye Res. 2011 Mar;36(3):179-89. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2010.533810. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
[5]. Bharathi MJ, Ramakrishnan R, Vasu S, Meenakshi R, Palaniappan R. Epidemiological characteristics and laboratory diagnosis of fungal keratitis. A three-year study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2003;51:315-21.

Abstract: Background: - Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the commonest factor affecting the lacrimal drainage system leading to chronic dacryocystitis. Various methods are used to improve nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy [EEDCR] is highly rewarding Endoscopic procedure for definite management of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The formation of granulation tissue at stomal site is known to play an important role in failure of surgical outcome. In cases where the silicon Stent placed intra-operatively, the patency of the lacrimal apparatus is well maintained and yielded better results. The aim of present study was to evaluate the subjective and anatomic success of primary Endonasal DCR with and without silicon stent............

Keywords- Chronic Dacryocystitis, Dacryocystorhinostomy [DCR] Endonasal Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy [EEDCR], lacrimal apparatus, nasolacrimal duct [NLD], silicon Stent.

[1]. Clemente CD (ed) (1985) Gray's anatomy of the human body, 30th edn. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia
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[3]. Bartlett JD, Jaanus SD (2008) Clinical Ocular pharmacology.Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier, St. Louis
[4]. Saha R, Sinha A, Phukan JP. Endoscopic versus external approach dacryocystorhinostomy: A comparative analysis. Niger Med J. 2013; 54:165-9.
[5]. Welham RA, Henderson PH. Results of dacryocystorhinostomy. Analysis of causes for failures. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1973; 93:601–9..

Abstract: Perforative peritonitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies encountered in tropical countries like India and associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Despite development in diagnosis and management the prognosis of peritonitis remains poor. Different scorings are used to predict the outcome in patients with peritonitis. Here, we assessed the utility of such scoring systems that is, Mannheim peritonitis index (MPI) scoring and WSES prognostic score in predicting the outcome of patients with perforation peritonitis. A prospective non randomized comparative study was conducted in Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai on Patients who were diagnosed with peritonitis secondary to hollow viscus perforation who are willing for definitive surgery. Both.........

Keywords- peritonitis, WSES score, Mannheim index

[1]. Moller MH, Adamsen S, Thomsen RW, Moller AM: Preoperativeprognostic factors for mortality in peptic ulcer perforation: a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010, 45(7–8):785–805.
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[3]. Hemmer PH, de Schipper JS, van Etten B, Pierie JP, Bonenkamp JJ, de Graaf PW, Karsten TM: Results of surgery for perforated gastroduodenal ulcers in a Dutch populatio57.
[4]. Kim JM, Jeong SH, Lee YJ, Park ST, 4. Choi SK, Hong SC, Jung EJ, Ju YT, Jeong CY, Ha WS: Analysis of risk factors for postoperative morbidity in perforated peptic ulcer. Journal of gastric cancer 2012, 12(1):26–35. n. Dig Surg 2011, 28(5–6):360–366.
[5]. Sharma R, Ranjan V, Jain S, Joshi T, TyagiA,Chaphekar R. A prospective study evaluating utility of Mannheim peritonitis index in predicting prognosis of perforation peritonitis. J Nat ScBiol Med 2015;6:S49-52..

Abstract: Post dural puncture headache is a complication of neuraxial anaesthesia. Spinal and unintended dural puncture during epidural procedure is the causal factor, and several risk factors have been attributed to this headache. Body weight or body mass index has been focused as associated to PDPH in recent years. Although conflicting results are available in various studies. We have planned this prospective cohort study to evaluate the relation of body weight with spinal anaesthesia induced headache in parturient mother. Total 60 patients were divided into two groups, Group A (BMI ≥ 31kg/m2) and Group B ( BMI ≤ 31kg/m2). Patients body weight and calculated BMI recorded on admission before the procedure. Spinal anaesthesia was administered through midline approach, in postoperative..........

Keywords- Headache, dura puncture, BMI, cesarean section.

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[3]. Amorim JA, Gomes de, Valença MM. Post-dural (post-lumbar) puncture headache: risk factors and clinical features. Cephalalgia. 2012;32:916–923.
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[5]. Liu H, Kalarickal PL, Rosinia F. A case of paradoxical presentation of postural postdural puncture headache. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24:255–256..

Abstract: Back Ground: Aim: The Aim of the study was to find out the incidence of PIH & Preeclampsia and to evaluate the risk factors, predictors of severity and obstetrical and perinatal outcome in severe preeclampsia and Eclampsia.. Place and duration of study: Gynic & OBG Department, Siddhartha Medical College / Government General Hospital, Vijayawada from March'2018 to Feb'2019. Methodology:Out of total 8800 deliveries 880 were diagnosed to have pregnancy induced hypertension. Out of these 580 (66%) had gestational hypertension. 80(0.9%) cases had preeclampsia without severe features, 220(2.5%) cases had preeclampsia with severe features. The present study was conducted in 200 cases of preeclampsia with severe features. The cases were evaluated and managed as per the existing protocol in the department and Obstetrical and perinatal outcome were...........

Keywords- Severe Preclampsia, Eclampsia, Obstetrical and Perinatal outcome.

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Abstract: Background: Arrythmias have been associated with Myocardial Infarction (MI) for a long time. There have been many studies conducted on monitoring or recording of arrhythmias in the post MI period ranging from weeks to years. But in our region (Coimbatore) there is not many studies available regarding the association of arrhythmias with acute MI observed within 48 hours of the acute episode. Hence the present study was conducted with an aim of studying the association of arrythmias in the PERI-infarction period. Materials And Methods: 100 patients who were admitted to the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU) after being diagnosed with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) were studied. The requirement lasted for about a year. Inclusion criteria : Patients greater than or equal to 18 years of age admitted to ICCU with AMI with an occurrence of acute episode within 48 hours...........

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Abstract: Fresh fish flesh was reported as an excellent source of proteins for human diet (Gangwar et al., 2007). Fish protein has relatively high biotransformation and digestibility due to all available ten essential amino acids in recommended dietary values or balanced amino acid quantity for human consumption and cardiac protection (Sharma 2013; Chandrashekhar et al., 2004). Fish proteins are digested in human intestine. After digestion proteins get converted finally into amino acids to meet metabolic requirements and excess protein metabolites are assimilated or incorporated into muscle buildup (Dabhade et al., 2009). Fish aquaculture practices of poor handling, crowding, transporting, fluctuating temperatures, polluted environment and poor water quality can impose „physiological stress‟ on the homeostatic mechanisms in fish. These make fish vulnerable to a wide variety of pathogens such as para..........

Keywords- fish proteins, Electron Microscopy of fish, Histology and histopathology of fish muscle.

[1]. Acharya S. and Dutta T. (2005) Tissue level reactions in Catla catla (Hamilton-Buchanan) due to trichodinidciliophoran, Tripartiella sp. infections.Ind. J.Fish.52(2): 159-163.
[2]. Ariadna S.B., Jesus P.M., Azucena B., Esperanza G., Pilar A.P., Jaume P.S. (2007) Bacteria associated with winter mortalities in laboratory-reared common dentex (Dentexdentex L.). Aquac. Res. 38(7): 733 – 739.
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Abstract: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common affliction in women in the reproductive age group across our country particularly in rural women and this assumes more significance when these anemic women become pregnant. IDA affects both mother and fetus in the form of weakness, fatigue, breathlessness, palpitation, cardiac failure, preterm labor, preeclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, abruptio placentae and sepsis in mother and prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation and perinatal mortality in fetus. Iron supplementation resulted in significant improvement in iron status in all these women while at the same time there was statistically significant reduction in oxidative stress that was evaluated by parameters like TBARS and FRAP. Iron supplementation is absolutely essential in all anemic rural pregnant women particularly primi to prevent complications arising out of IDA.

Keywords- Iron deficiency anemia, antioxidant status, primi pregnant women, oxidative stress

[1]. Sinha D, Shrivastava S. Prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and its association with adverse perinatal outcomes in Madhya Pradesh , India. 2019;8(3):845–8.
[2]. Vindhya J, Nath A, Murthy GVS, Metgud C, Sheeba B, Shubhashree V, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending a public ‑ sector hospital in Bangalore , South India. 2019;37–43.
[3]. Kumar N, Chandhiok N, Dhillon BS, Kumar P. Role of oxidative stress while controlling iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy - Indian scenario. 2009;24(1):5–14.
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Abstract: The standard of care for left sided Chestwall radiotherapy is conformal radiotherapy technique, however dose to left lung and heart remain organs at risk. With newer techniques like Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and Volumetric arc therapy (VMAT), the doses to the heart and Left lung can be reduced. This study aims to compare dosimetric parameters of two forms of radiotherapy, VMAT and 3DCRT for left-sided chest wall radiotherapy. The results showed low doses to lung and heart (V5, H20) was higher in the VMAT plans with statistical significance (p=0.001 and 0.013), other dosimetric parameters were better with VMAT but the difference was not statistically significant..

Keywords- Chest wall, radiotherapy, IMRT, VMAT, 3DCRT

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Abstract: Enlargement of thyroid gland called goitre is the most common manifestation of thyroid disease. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid can be used effectively as the initial modality in the evaluation of thyroid lesions, both diffuse and nodular. According to Koss (1992), various lesions which could be encountered during FNAC of thyroid include cysts, colloid goitres, various types of thyroiditis like acute, subacute, lymphocytic (including Hashimoto's type) and benign neoplasms like adenomas. Malignant lesions include not only carcinomas viz. follicular, papillary, medullary or anaplastic type but also lymphomas and metastatic deposits. The present study was conducted on 415 patients with thyroid enlargement referred to the Department of Pathology, Government Medical..........

Keywords- FNAC, Thyroid lesions

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