iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019

Abstract: Introduction :Hepatitis C virus infection is a global health problem affecting a significant portion of the world's population. Aims & Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalance of hetatitis C virus (HCV) among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Manipur. Materials and methods : This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology during the period from January 2016 to November 2018 to determine the seroprevalance of hepatitis C virus among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Manipur. Serum samples were collected from various out-patient and in-patient departments, ART........

Key word: Anti-HCV antibody, ELISA, Hepatitis C virus, Seroprevalence

[1]. Patil SR, Datkhile KD, Ghorpade M V, Patil SS, Kakade SV. Seroprevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution for Hepatitis C infection: A study from rural hospital in Maharashtra. Indian J Med Microbiol, 2017;35:563-567.
[2]. Regenmortel MH, Fauquet CM, Bishop DHL, Carstens EB, Estes MK, Lemon SM, et al. Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses. Seventh report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Academic Press, 2000, 859-878
[3]. Zidan A, Scheuerlein H, Schule S, Settmacher U, Rauchfuss F. 2012. Epidemiological pattern of hepatitis B and hepatitis C as etiological agents for hepatocellular carcinoma in iran and worldwide. Hepat Mon, 2012; 12(10 HCC): e6894.
[4]. Farag, M.M., Sofy, A.R., Mousa, A.A., Ahmed, M.A., Alganzory, M.R. Molecular Assay and Genotyping of Hepatitis C Virus among Infected Egyptian and Saudi Arabian Patients. Virology (Auckl), 6:1-10.
[5]. WHO. Hepatitis C: Fact sheet N 164. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013. [updated 2015]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164_apr2014/en/.

Abstract: Bacterial infections are a major cause of delayed wound healing and is the common complication leading to failure of skin graft .The objective of this study was to analyze the bacterial infections in skin grafting in relation to time and their antibiotic resistance patterns. The study was conducted on 50 patients who were undergone skin grafting at a plastic surgery department in a tertiary care teaching hospital for 3 months duration. A total 250 swabs were collected, 5 from each patients. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer's Disc Diffusion Method. Detection........

Key words : skin grafting, bacterial infection, antibiotic resistance, P.aeruginosa,, β-lactamases

[1]. Timmons J :Skin function and wound healing physiology. Wound Essentials 1:8-17(2006)
[2]. E Leslie Gilliland. Bacterial colonisation of leg ulcers and its effect on the success rate of skin grafting. Anne R Coll Surg Engl 1988:(70):105-8.
[3]. Brunicardi.F.C., Anderson.D.K., Billar.T.R., Dunn.D.L., Hunter.J.G., Matthews.J.B., and Pollock.R.E., Ed.Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 9th edn. McGraw-Hill Education.
[4]. Tine Yding Wolff, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Klaus Kirketerp-Møller and Trine Rolighed Thomsen. Influence of Microorganisms on the Healing of Skin Grafts from Chronic Venous Leg Wounds.Skin Grafts - Indications, Appl Curr Res 2011:277-90.
[5]. S Geethabanu and R Vanaja. A Study to Analyse the Influence of Bacterial Bio-Burden on the Success Rate of Split Thickness Skin Grafting. J Clin Diagn Res 2018;12(6):DC23-DC6..

Abstract: Laparoscopic surgeries are fast replacing the open surgeries for a number of surgical procedures. I-gel promises to overcome the limitations of endotracheal tube airway management. This study was done to compare the endotracheal tube and I- gel in view of insertion time, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, difference in peak airway pressure and complications like cough/sore throat, nausea/vomiting and dysphonia. It is observed that I-gel can be a possible alternative to endotracheal tube. Material and Methods: A prospective double blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Lucknow over a period of one year. ASA status I or II, aged 16 to 60 years, undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under general anesthesia were....... .

Key words: Laparoscopic surgery, endotracheal tube, I-gel, intraoperative and postoperative events

[1]. Schmidbauer W, Bercker S, Volk T, Bogusch G, Mager G, Kerner T. Oesophageal seal of the novel supralaryngeal airway device I-Gel in comparison with the laryngeal mask airways Classic and ProSeal using a cadaver model. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102:135-139.
[2]. Nagappala R, Mc Goldrick K. Comparison of the LMA-classic (TM) with the new disposable soft seal laryngeal mask in spontaneously breathing adult patients. Surv Anesth 2004; 98:179.
[3]. Levitan RM, Kinkle WC. Initial anatomic investigations of the I-gel airway: A novel supraglottic airway without inflatable cuff. Anaesthesia. 2005; 60:1022–6.
[4]. Wharton NM, Gibbison B, Gabbott DA, Haslam GM, Muchatuta N, Cook TM. I-gel insertion by novices in manikins and patients. Anaesthesia. 2008; 63:991–5.
[5]. Danha RF, Sreevatha S, Crombie N, Hillermann C, Mendonca C. Positive pressure ventilation with I-gel versus LMA-unique: a randomized comparative study. J Anesth Clinic Res 2012; 2:173.

Abstract: Lipomas are the most common benign tumours of soft tissues. However, conventional lipomashave been reported only rarely as presenting in the vulva. We present a case of vulvar lipoma in a 40-yr-old woman which is the 4th case reported in adults.

[1]. Todd A Nickloes, DO Daniel, D Sutphin, MD, Klaus Radebold, MD, PhD, 15 Jan.2009 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/ 191233-overview acessed on 23 August 2009.
[2]. De Lima Filho OA, Cogliati AO, Reitzfeld G. Lipoma of the vulva. Rev Paul Med 1969; 75 :165-76.
[3]. Fukamizu H, Matsumoto K, Inoue K, Moriguchi T. Large vulvar lipoma. Arch Dermatol 1982; 118 : 447.
[4]. Van Glabeke E, Audry G, Hervet F, Josset P, Gruner M. Lipoma of the preputium clitoridis in neonate: an exceptional abnormality different from ambiguous genitalia. Pediatr Surg Int 1999;15: 147-8.
[5]. Kehagias DT, Smyrniotis VE, Karvounis EE, Gouliamos AD, Creatsas G. Large lipoma of the vulva. EurJ Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999;84: 5-6...

Abstract: Objective: To obtain the normal reference values of peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) among healthy school going children between 6 and 12 years and thereby construct a nomogram. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among healthy children attending schools in Karimnagar city of Telangana state over a period of 12 months. PEFR values were recorded using a Mini Wright peak flow meter, and the best of three readings was documented. Results: 1233 students were studied. PEFR increases as the age increases. A similar trend was observed across various heights. Nomograms based on age and height were constructed separately for boys and girls. Conclusion: Established baseline values of PEFR in this study can be useful in diagnosing and following asthmatic children in urban areas.

Keywords- PEFR, Asthma, nomogram, regional reference values

[1]. Jason Debley, Amy G Fibrin, Padmaja Subba Rao. Clinical applications of paediatric pulmonary function testing. Ped Pulmonology 2011;24(2):69-75.
[2]. Pellagarino R, Viegi G, Busasco V, Crapo RO, Burgo F, Casaburi R. Interpretative startegies for lung function tests. Eur Resp J 2005:26(5):948-968.
[3]. Paul LP Brand, Eric J Duiverman, Herman JW, Elisabeth EM et al. Peak flow variation in childhood asthma: Correlation with symptoms, airways obstruction hyper responsiveness during long term treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Thorax 1999; 54:103-107.
[4]. Durairaj P, Raju S, Thirumalaikumarasami S. Measurement of peak expiratory flow rate values in healthy school going children between 6 & 12 years attending urban schools in Chennai. Intrl J Contemp Pediatr 2017 Nov; 4(6) : xxx – xxx.
[5]. Taksande A, Jain M, Vihekar K, Chaturvedi P. Peak expiratory flow rate of rural school children from Wardha district, Maharashtra in India. World J Paedistr 2008 Aug: 4(3):211-214. \..

Abstract: Purpose - to study the clinical profile of ocular trauma in patients presenting in emergency of MLB Medical College, Jhansi Materials and Methods-The study was conducted at MLB Medical College, Jhansi between September 2018-May 2019. The study includes a total of 203 patients presenting to emergency with a history of ocular trauma. All cases underwent detailed ocular examination of anterior and posterior segment. Investigations were done wherever needed. Results: Out of 203 cases, 36.25% were in the age group of 16 to 30 years & 29% in the age group of 31 to 45 years. Males were affected 3.7 times........

Keywords- Ocular Trauma, Rural, Closed Globe Injury

[1]. Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD, Hiemann K, Jefferers J, Treister G. A standardized classification of ocular trauma terminology. Ophthalmology.1996;103(2):240-243.
[2]. Parver L. Eye trauma, The Neglected Disorder. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104:1452-3. 5
[3]. Misra S, Nandwani R, Gogri P, Misra N. Clinical profile and visual outcome of ocular injuries in a rural area of western India. Australas Med J 2013 2018;6:560–4.
[4]. Vats S, Murthy GVS, Chandra M, Gupta SK, Vashist P, Gogoi M. Epidemiological study of ocular trauma in an urban slum population in Delhi, India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008 2018;56:313–6.
[5]. Sinha S. Pattern of trauma to anterior segment of eyes in a tertiary eye care centre of Jharkhand. J Indian Med Assoc 2008 2018;106:289–90..

Abstract: Aim: To describe the clinical features, laboratory manifestations, complications in patients diagnosed with scrub typhus at a tertiary care hospital in north east India. Material and Methods: All cases of acute onset fever diagnosed to have scrub typhus August 2017 to December 2018 were analysed. Cases of scrub typhus with a positive immunochromatography test were studied. Results: 176 confirmed cases of scrub typhus were studied over a period of 18 months. Majority (96%) of patients are from rural background. Farmers constituted 60% of the patients. Most common symptoms were fever with headache 100 (56.8%) and due to the involvement of respiratory tract in the form of cough in 94(53%) patients followed by..........

[1]. Saah AJ. Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, 5th edition. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2056–7.
[2]. Mahajan SK. Scrub Typhus. J Assoc Physician India 2005;53:954-8.
[3]. Walsh DS, Myint KS, Kantipong P, et al. Orientia tsutsugamushi in peripheral white blood cells of patient with acute scrub typhus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001;65:899-901.
[4]. Yang CH, Hsu GJ, Peng MY, et al. Hepatic dysfunction in scrub typhus. J Formos Med Assoc 1995;94:101-5.
[5]. Mahajan A, Tandon VR. Scrub Typhus-reemergence in Jammu. JK Science 2010;12:55-6.
[6]. Gurung S, Pradhan J, Bhutia PY. Outbreak of scrub typhus in the North East Himalayan region-Sikkim: an emerging threat. Indian J Med Microbiol 2013;31:72-4...

Abstract: Background and Objective: North eastern part of India, specially state of Manipur has a huge burden of people living with HIV / AIDS. Studies of prevalence of Opportunistic infections in this group of people is of utmost importance as their presence is a big factor affecting the morbidity and mortality in these group of people, and also to compare with trends in other parts of India and World. This study was conducted among the patients who were admitted to JNIMS Hospital. Data and Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken among............

Keywords- HIV, Opportunistic infections, JNIMS, Manipur, India

[1]. http://www.naco.gov.in/upload/2015%20MSLNS/HSS/India%20HIV%20Estimations%202015.pdf accessed on September 18, 2019.
[2]. Mulla SA, Patel MG, Vaghela G, et al.,A study of opportunistic infection in HIV-seropositive patients,Indian J Community Med 2007;32:208-9.
[3]. Kaplan JE, Hu DJ, Holmes KK, Jaffe HW, Masur H, De Cock KM. Preventing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: implications for the developing world. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;55(1):1–11.
[4]. Holmes B, Losina E, Walensky R, Yazdanpanah Y, Freedberg K. Review of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related opportunistic infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:652–62.
[5]. Mermin J, Were W, Ekwaru J, Moore D, Dawning R, Behumbiize P, Lule JR, Coutinho A, Tappero J, Bunnell R. Mortality in HIV - infected Ugandan adults receiving antiretroviral treatment and survival of their HIV - uninfected children: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2008;371:752–9...

Abstract: AIM: To report a case of a 6 year old girl with severe congenital ptosis associated with chin elevation, bilateral esotropia with high myopia. METHODS: A 6 year old girl whose informant was the mother, presented with drooping of both upper lids and inward deviation of both eyes since childhood. On examination, she was found to have chin elevation, 40 PD bilateral esotropia, bilateral myopia and bilateral severe ptosis with poor LPS function. RESULT: She underwent bilateral recession resection surgery for esotropia with frontalis sling using silicon rod for ptosis. She was provided spectacle correction for myopia and occlusion therapy. Her vision has improved and the abnormal head posture is absent...........

Keywords- Amblyopia, Bells Phenomenon, Frontalis Sling, Ptosis, Strabismus

[1]. Anderson RL, Baumgartner SA. Strabismus in ptosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1980; 98:1062–67.
[2]. Berke RN, Wadsworth JAC. Histology of levator muscle in congenital and acquired ptosis. Arch Ophthalmol 1995; 53:413–28.
[3]. Hornblass A, Adachi M, Smith B. Clinical and ultrastructural correlation in congenital and acquired ptosis. Ophthalmol Surg 1976; 7:69–76.
[4]. Sutula FC. Histological changes in congenital and acquired ptosis. Eye 1988; 2:179-84.
[5]. Collin JRO: New concepts in the management of ptosis. Eye 1988; 2:185–8.
[6]. Simons K. Amblyopia characterization, treatment and prophylaxis. Sury Ophthalmol. 2005; 50:123-66..

Abstract: This was a cross-sectional study and was conducted in the outpatient department of Pabna Medical College Hospital, Pabna, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. In our study period, total 2, 277, 27 patients visited OPD. Among them 25,455 patients visited OPD for skin disorder/diseases.All the patients at any age and sex who were attended in the OPD of Skin & Venereal Diseases of the hospital were selected as study population. In this study, we found among 26,980 participants', 52% was suffering from infectious and 48% from non-infectious skin diseases. Among the patients with infectious skin diseases it...........

Keywords- Pattern, Prevalence, Infectious, Non-infectious, Skin Disease,Out Patient Department (OPD).

[1]. Hay R, Sandra E, Chen BS. Skin diseases in disease control priorities in developing countries. [accessed online www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov \books\NBK11733; 24th.November 2011]. p.708
[2]. Schofield OMV, Hunter JAA. Diseases of the skin in Davidson's Principles & Practice of Medicine, 21st. Edition, Edinburg, UK Publisher Elsevier. 2011:1376
[3]. Zamanian A, Mahjub H. Prevalence of skin diseases in Hamedan, Iran in 2002. Indian Journal of Dermatology 2005;50(4):208-11
[4]. Atraide DD, Akpa MR, George IO. The pattern of skin disorders in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Journal of Public health and epidemiology. 2011;3(4):177-81

[5]. Devi TB, Zamzachin G. Pattern of skin diseases in Imphal. Indian journal of Dermatology. 2006;51(2):149-50

Abstract: Lower limb arthroplasty particularly, total knee replacement (TKR) is an extremely painful surgical procedure. Post operative pain after total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR) interferes with early mobilization and recovery of the patients. Effective postoperative pain management can lead to better and earlier functional recovery. The use of epidural Bupivacaine in post-TKR patients gives effective analgesia, sometimes which can be associated with motor blockade, which can affect early functional recovery of the patients, but usually seen with higher concentration (>0.125%) of Bupivacaine. So, we compared analgesic efficacy and side effects of Tramadol vs. Nalbuphine as an additive with 0.125% Bupivacaine plain in postoperative patients undergoing TKR or THR through epidural catheter.

Keywords- BUPIVACAINE, EPIDURAL ANALGESIA, LOWER LIMB ARTHROPLASTY, NALBUPHINE, TRAMADOL, TKR, THR.

[1]. Treed RD. The International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: as valid in 2018 as in 1979, but in need of regularly updated footnotes. Pain reports. 2018 Mar;3(2).
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[3]. Fu PL, Xiao J, Zhu YL, Wu HS, Li XH, Wu YL, Qian QR. Efficacy of a multimodal analgesia protocol in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of International Medical Research. 2010 Aug;38(4):1404-12.
[4]. Kumar PS, Sarma BA, Rao DM, Aparanji K. Comparison of nalbuphine with 0.5% bupivacaine and normal saline with 0.5% bupivacaine for post-operative epidural analgesia. JOURNAL OF EVOLUTION OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCIENCES-JEMDS. 2015 Jun 15;4(48):8382-9.
[5]. Grosu I, Lavand'homme P, Thienpont E. Pain after knee arthroplasty: an unresolved issue. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014 Aug 1;22(8):1744-58.

Abstract: Abnormalities in size & number of teeth are occasionally recorded in clinical cases. True generalized microdontia is a rare case in which all the teeth are smaller than normal. True generalized microdontia markedly influence on physical, functional & psychological maturation of the affected individual. Thorough evaluation, proper counseling & careful treatment planning employing a multidisciplinary approach are keys to a successful, long-term management. This is a unique case report of non-syndromic association of genetically inherited true generalized microdontiain a family.

Keywords- True generalizedmicrodontia, Microdontism, Pituitary Dwarfism, Prosthodontic management

[1]. Boyle PE. Kronfeld's Histopathology of the Teeth and their Surrounding Structures. 3. Philadelphia: Lea&Febiger; 1955. p. 14.

[2]. Alexandersen V, Nielsen OV. Generalized microdontia probably associated with intrauterine growth retardation in a medieval skeleton. American Journal of Physical Anthropology
[3]. Fekonja A. Prevalence of dental developmental anomalies of permanent teeth in children and their influence on esthetics. J EsthetRestorDent2017;(1.):

[4]. Van der waal I, Van der kwast WAM. Oral pathology. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc; 1988. Developmental anomalies and eruption disturbances and some acquired disorders of the teeth; p. 114.
[5]. Khan S, Gill D, Bassi GS. Management of microdont maxillary lateralincisors. Dent Update 2014;41:867–74.

Abstract: Discharge summary is a document containing patient information and is written during inpatient care and issued when or after a subject of care leaves the hospital. Discharge summary is expected to be written by the clinician involved in the care of the patient during admission and completed during or soon after the discharge (1). The discharge summary is the most common method for documenting a patient‟s diagnostic findings, hospital management and arrangements for follow-up after discharge. Prior to discharging patients from hospital, a discharge summary (whether this be hand written or typed) is required to be completed. Ideally copies are kept in patient files and given to the patient. The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires that discharge summaries be completed within 30 days of the hospital.............

[1]. National E-Health Transition Authority Ltd. Discharge Summary -Acute Care to GP/Specialist. Version 0.7 19/03/2009 Accessed at www.nehta.gov.auon 13th/06/2011
[2]. Standard IM.6.10: hospital accreditation standards. Oakbrook Terrace, Ill: Joint commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; 2006. p. 338e40.
[3]. Alpers A. Key legal principles for hospitalists. Am J Med 2001;111:5Se9S.
[4]. Goldman L, Pantilat SZ, Whitcomb WF. Passing the clinical baton: 6 principles to guide the hospitalist. Am J Med 2001;111:36Se9S.
[5]. Coleman EA, Berenson RA. Lost in transition: challenges and opportunities for improving the quality of transitional care. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:533e6..

Abstract: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century. Diabetic retinopathy is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is considered to be a marker of inflammatory responses. Serum ADA activity is found to be increased in hyperglycemic condition but its role in diabetes is not yet clearly known. The present study was done to measure serum Adenosine deaminase in type 2 diabetes mellitus and in healthy controls and to find out any correlation between serum Adenosine deaminase and diabetic retinopathy. Serum ADA, FBS, PPBS, HbA1cand lipid profile were significantly increased in diabetic subjects. Elevated ADA in diabetes was significantly increased with increasing HbA1c, FBS and PPBS suggesting its role in glycemic status. The mean FBS, PPBS, and HbA1c were also increased in diabetic retinopathy though it was insignificant.........

Keywords-Adenosine deaminase, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic retinopathy, Inflammation

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[4]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes, 7th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2015.
[5]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org (assessed on June 2018).