iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019

Abstract: The surge in obesity prevalence is a threat to health and economy. South Asians have been recommended lower cut-off values of Body Mass Index (BMI). The study aimed to evaluate the effect of overweight and obesity on lipid profile parameters and the association between anthropometric measurements and lipid profile parameters. This cross-sectional study comprised of 164 healthy asymptomatic individuals whose socio-demographic data, measurements of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements and estimation of lipid profile were obtained. Categorical variables were analysed by Chi-square test. The mean values of various anthropometric measurements and lipid profile parameters among different BMI groups were analysed with one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test (95% Confidence interval). Estimation of Pearson's correlation coefficient......

Key word: Body Mass Index, Waist-to-height ratio, obesity, overweight, lipid profile

[1]. National Family Health Survey, India. Key findings 2015-16. Available online: http://rchiips.org/NFHS/factsheet_NFHS-4.shtml(accessed on 9thJan 2019)
[2]. Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M, Guricci S. Asians are different from Caucasians and from each other in their body mass index/ body fat percent relationship. Obes Rev 2002; 3:141-6.
[3]. World Health Organization (Western Pacific region), International Association for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force, The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia Pt Ltd;2000.
[4]. Jansen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Ross R. Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risks. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(3): 379 – 84.
[5]. Jayawardhana R, Ranasingh P, Sheriff MH, et al. Waist to height ratio: a better anthropometric marker of diabetic and cardio-metabolic risk in South Asian adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 99:292-299.

Abstract: Purpose Third molar extraction is most common procedures performed in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The most common complications after surgical extraction of third molar are pain, swelling, trismus, pyrexia, etc. The use of routine antibiotics therapy in patient undergoing surgical third molar extraction is controversial. The objective of the study were: 1. To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics in pain, swelling, trismus, temperature and wound healing postoperatively; 2. To minimize the adverse effects of antibiotics; and 3. To decrease total operative cost factor..........

Key words : Antibiotics, third molar, extraction

[1]. Arteagoitia I - Diez A, Barbier L, Santamaria G,Santamaria J. Efficacy of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in preventing infectious and inflammatory complications following impacted mandibular third molar extraction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005 Jul;100(1):e11-8.
[2]. Flick WG. The third molar controversy: Framing the controversy as a public health policy issue. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons 1999;57(4):438-44.
[3]. Contar Cm , de Oliveira P, Kanegusuku K, Berticelli R-dS, Azevedo-Alanis L-R, Maria-Angela-Naval A-ALM, Machado MA. Complications in third molar removal: a retrospective study of 588 patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir 2010;1(15):74 -78.
[4]. Lacasa JM et al. Prophylaxis versus pre-emptive treatment for infective and inflammatory complications of surgical third molar removal: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial with sustained release amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (1000/62.5 mg). Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007 Apr;36(4):321-7.
[5]. Tomas I , Pereira F, Llucian R, Poveda R, Diz P, Bagan JV. Prevalence of bacteraemia following third molar surgery. Oral Dis. 2008 Jan;14(1):89-94.

Abstract: Introduction: The evaluation of a neck mass is a common clinical dilemma and a condition to which an ENT clinician routinely encounters. Commonly presenting neck masses occur within lymph nodes, thyroid, parotid and other salivary glands. Less common pathologies presenting as neck swellings are from thyroglossal cysts, branchial cleft cysts, carotid body tumors, cystic hygromas, pharyngeal pouch abnormalities and lumps of skin appendages. Materials and Methods: The material consists of 100 patients with neck swellings coming to the ENTOPD at our hospital, Hyderabad. The period of study was two years. Inclusion criteria include All patients attending ENT OPD with neck swelling of both sexes and all age group. Exclusion criteria: Patient who underwent FNAC but did not undergo subsequent histopathological diagnosis. Suspected neck masses of vascular..........

Key words: neck mass, thyroglossal cysts, branchial cleft cysts, carotid body tumors, cystic hygromas

[1]. Lumley JSP, Chan S, Harris H, Zangana MOM. Physical signs.18th edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1997.
[2]. Celeste NP, Williams JF. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the head and neck. USA: Butterworth Heinemann; 1996. p 1–13.
[3]. Gamba PG, Messineo A, Antoniello LM, Boccato P, Blandamura S, Cecchetto G,Dall'Igna P, Guglielmi M. A simple exam to screen superficial masses: fine needle aspiration cytology. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1995 Feb;24(2):979.
[4]. Watkinson JC, Wilson JA, Gaze M, Stell PM, Maran AGD. Stell and Maran"s Head and neck surgery, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 4th edition, chapter 2;2000. p 20-21
[5]. Russel RCG, William NS, Bulstrode CJK. Bailey and Love"s short practice of surgery. 24th edition. London: Arnold; 2004
[6]. Afridi S, Malik K, Wahed I. Role of fine needle aspiration biopsy and cytology in breast lumps. J college of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan.1995; 5:75-7..

Abstract: Introduction: Otitis media with effusion is the chronic accumulation of mucus within the middle ear and sometimes the mastoid air cell system. The time that the fluid has to be present for the condition to be chronic is usually taken as 12 weeks. In many children OME is usually preceded by an episode of acute otitis media with otalgia and fever particularly so in younger children because of their greater propensity to upper respiratory tract infections. This damages the Eustachian tube epithelium with resultant retention of middle ear fluid. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital and is a non-randomised controlled, prospective study. Sample size was taken conveniently. A total number of 100 patients from age 5-30 years, suffering from persistent..........

Keywords- Otitis media, Eustachian tube epithelium, myringotomy

[1]. Tos M, Holm-Jensen S, Sorensen CH, Mogensen C. Spontaneous course and frequency of secretory otitis in 4-year-old children. Arch Otolaryngol. 1982;108:4-10.
[2]. Gates GA, Wachtendorf C, Richard H, Erwin M. Medical treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion (secretory Otitis media). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1986;94:350-4.
[3]. Mandel EM, Rockette HE, Bluestone CD, Paradise JL, Nozza RJ. Efficacy of amoxicillin with and without decongestant- antihistamine for otitis media with effusion in children. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:432-7.
[4]. Bluestone CD, Cantekin EI, Beery QC. Certain effects of adenoidectomy on eustachian tube ventilatory function. Laryngoscope. 1975;85:113-27.
[5]. Paradise JL, Bluestone CD, Rogers KD, Taylor FH, Colborn DK, Bachman RZ, et al. Efficacy of Adenoidectomy for Recurrent Otitis Media in Children Previously Treated With Tympanostomy-Tube Placement: Results of Parallel Randomized and Nonrandomized Trials. JAMA. 1990;263(15):2066–73..

Abstract: Dental implants are used to replace missing teeth in mandible or maxilla by anchoring to prosthesis which can be used to replace either single tooth or entire dentition and its success primarily depends on the principle of osseointegration. Earlier in 1980's, implant placement and loading was delayed up to 6-12 months for implants to get osseointegrated. But in 1990's, the protocols for implant placement have been modified including its placement in fresh extraction sockets or partially healed alveolar ridges in aesthetics zone. Immediate implant placement is..........

Keywords- Dental implant, immediate implant placement, orthopantomograph, cone beam computed tomography, flapless.

[1]. K. Vinathi Reddy. Osseointegration International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research volume 1, 2015.
[2]. Jay R. Beagle. The Immediate Placement of Endosseous Dental Implants in Fresh Extraction Sites, Dent Clin N Am 50 (2006) 375–389
[3]. Buser D, Mericske-Stern R, Bernard JP, et al. Long-term evaluation of non-submerged ITI implants. Part 1: 8-year life table analysis of a prospective multi-center study with 2359 implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997;8(3):161–72.
[4]. Albrektsson T, Bra˚nemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindstro¨m J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand 1981;52:155-170
[5]. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Polyzos IP, Felice P, Worthington HV. Timing of implant placement after tooth extraction: Immediate, immediate-delayed or delayed implants? A Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Oral Implantology 2010;3:189-205..

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and the incidence increases dramatically after menopause. The basic pathology of atherosclerosis is endothelial dysfunction (ED) which leads to pro-coagulant and pro-inflammatory state. Visfatin is an adipokine, preferentially expressed in visceral fat which activates pro-inflammatory cytokines in vascular smooth muscles and enhances oxidative stress, causing endothelial dysfunction. So, serum visfatin and oxidative stress status were analyzed in post-menopausal women. The study comprised of 55 post-menopausal women in the age group 45-55 years. They were divided into two groups based on body mass index (BMI) as obese (n=30) and non-obese (n=25). Serum visfatin was measured by ELISA method.........

Keywords- CVD, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, postmenopausal, Visfatin

[1]. Srinath Reddy K, Shah B, Varghese C, Ramadoss A. Responding to the threat of chronic diseases in India. Lancet. 2005;366:1744–1749. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67343-6.
[2]. World Health Organization. 2002. The World Health Report 2002. Geneva, Switzerland.
[3]. WHO. World Health Organization.2006. BMI classification. Geneva: World Health Organization.
[4]. Carr, M. C. (2014). The Emergence of the Metabolic Syndrome with Menopause. 88(December), 2404–2411.
[5]. Dalamaga, M., Archondakis, S., Sotiropoulos, G., Karmaniolas, K., Pelekanos, N., Papadavid, E., & Lekka, A. (2012). Could serum visfatin be a potential biomarker for postmenopausal breast cancer? Maturitas, 71(3), 301–308...

Abstract: Gender Dysphoria (GD) refers to a complex disorder marked by persistent unhappiness with once designated birth sex (natal sex) and a desire to live and be socially identified as an individual of the opposite sex. Such a feeling may result in severe distress and impairment of normal functioning in the individuals, thereby, making them vulnerable to various forms of mental and physical disorders. GD is seen to have onset mostly from the early childhood. However, in many cases the onset of clinically significant symptoms may appear in adolescence or even in adulthood. Clinician, therefore, should not be biased with the presentation of cases. Interview regarding Gender Dysphoria.......

Keywords- Gender identity, Gender Dysphoria , Transgender, assigned gender, Natal gender

[1]. American Psychiatric association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th edition.
[2]. Drescher J. and Byne WM. Gender Identity, Gender Variance and Gender Dysphoria in: Sadock BJ, Saddock VA, eds. Kaplan & Sadock's comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. Tenth Edition. Vol 1.
[3]. Arya A. Tripathi A. Singh H. Kumar P. Gender Identity Disorder With Comorbid Depression case report, Delhi Psychiatry Journal vol. 13 No.1, April 2010
[4]. Ccle CM. O'Boyle M. Emory LE. Meyer II W. Comorbidity of Gender Dysphoria and Major Psychiatric diagnoses.
[5]. Gender Dysphoria in. Sadock BJ, Saddock VA, Ruiz P. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry. Eleventh Edition.

Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide, To diagnose prostate cancer, no specific single histologic feature is sufficiently available. It is a challenging task to accurately diagnose small foci of prostate cancer for pathologists and to distinguish cancer from its benign mimickers. Establishing a definitive diagnosis of malignancy in prostate needle biopsies with very little foci of adenocarcinoma is a major diagnostic challenge for pathologists. A positive diagnostic marker specific for prostatic adenocarcinoma may enhance the ability to detect limited prostate cancer and reduce errors in diagnosis. The recent discovery of the overexpression of P504S/α-Methylacyl coenzyme A racemase.........

Keywords- Prostate cancer, AMACR, Immunohistochemistry, Basal cell marker

[1]. Yeole, B.B., 2008. Trends in the prostate cancer incidence in India. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 9(1), pp.141-144.
[2]. Epstein JI, Yang XJ: Prostate biopsy interpretation.3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA:LippincottWilliams & Wilkins. 2002
[3]. Srigley JR: Benign mimickers of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2004, 17: 328- 348. 10.1038/modpathol.3800055
[4]. Helpap B: Differential diagnosis of glandular proliferations in the prostate:a conventional and immunohistochemical approach. VirchowsArch. 1998, 433: 397-405.10.1007/s004280050266
[5]. Varma M, Jasani B: Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in morphologicallydifficult prostate cancer: review of current literature. Histopathology. 2005, 47 (1): 1-16.10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02188.x..

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gases . COPD will become the third most common cause of dearth and the fourth cause of disability in the world by the year 2020 . COPD exacerbations are defined as an acute worsening of respiratory symptioms that result in additional therapy 3,4 . As COPD progresses, patients develop more frequent and sereve exacerbations5,8 and have an increased rate of the disease because they accelerate the..........

[1]. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of Chronic Obstructiove Pulmonary Disease-2018 report.
[2]. Murry CJL, Lopex AD. Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. 1997;349:1269e76.
[3]. Wedzicha JA, Seemungal TA. COPD exacerbations: defining their cause and prevention. Lancet 2007; 370(9589): 786-96.
[4]. Seemungal TA Donaldson GC, Paul EA, Bastall HC, Jeffries DJ, Wedzicha HA. Effect of exacerbations on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157(5Pt 1): 1418-22.
[5]. Pauwels R, Buist SA, Calverley P, et al, Global Strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Workshop summery. Am J Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 125e76...

Abstract: Introduction:-A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space as a result of transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces.Pleural effusion is a sign of disease and not adiagnosis by itself.Pleural effusion is a very common clinical problem encountered in day to day medical practice.Even though detecting of pleural effusion Is an easy thing ,the aetiological diagnosis of the pleural effusion is difficult to establish in a considerable number of cases. Aims Of Study:-To study the diagnostic efficacy of pleural fluid cytology smear in suspected malignant pleuraleffusionsTo study the diagnostic.......

[1]. K. Vinathi Reddy. Osseointegration International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research volume 1, 2015.
[2]. Jay R. Beagle. The Immediate Placement of Endosseous Dental Implants in Fresh Extraction Sites, Dent Clin N Am 50 (2006) 375–389
[3]. Buser D, Mericske-Stern R, Bernard JP, et al. Long-term evaluation of non-submerged ITI implants. Part 1: 8-year life table analysis of a prospective multi-center study with 2359 implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997;8(3):161–72.
[4]. Albrektsson T, Bra˚nemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindstro¨m J. Osseointegrated titanium implants. Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand 1981;52:155-170
[5]. Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Polyzos IP, Felice P, Worthington HV. Timing of implant placement after tooth extraction: Immediate, immediate-delayed or delayed implants? A Cochrane systematic review. Eur J Oral Implantology 2010;3:189-205..

Abstract: Pain on injection of propofol was ranked by American anaesthesiologists as seventh most important problem of current clinical anaesthesiology. Various methods both non pharmacological and pharmacological, have been tried for alleviating pain during intravenous injection of propofol. Neither a single agent nor method is found to be satisfactory to relieve the pain till date. The aims and objectives of our study was to compare efficacy of lidocaine and dexamethasone to alleviate intravenous propofol induced pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. 182 patients were randomly allocated into two study groups(n-91) ,Group-L received 0.5 mg/kg of lidocaine hydrochloride.........

Keywords- Pain Propofal Lidocaine dexamethasone

[1]. Marcario A, Weinger M , Truong P, Lee M. Which clinical anaesthesia outcomes are both common and important to avoid? The perspective of a panel expert anaesthesiologist AnesthAnalg 1999; 88:1085-91.
[2]. Tan CH, Onsong MK. Pain on injection of propofol. Anaesthesia. 1998, May; 53(5):468-76.
[3]. Jalota L, Kalira Vicki, George E, Shi Y, Hornuss C, Radke O et al. Prevention of pain of injection of Propofol: Systematic Review and meta analysis, BMJ 2011;342:d1110.
[4]. Vuyk J, Sitsen E, Reekers M. Intravenous Anesthetics. In: Miller RD ed. Millers‟s Anaesthesia, 8th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier, W.B. Saunders, 2015;821-863.
[5]. Kindgen-Milles D, Arndt JO, Nitric oxide as a chemical link in the generation of pain from veins in humans, Pain 1996; 64: 139–142...

Abstract: There are limited studies involving general medication use in pregnancy from the developing countries and most studies reviewed were from developed countries. Descriptive drug utilization research is intended to profile the population's use of medicines in order to identify areas deserving of further study or where interventions to address the irrational use of medicines may be appropriate. The importance of conducting descriptive drug utilization studies in high-risk populations such as pregnant women, children, and the elderly is widely recognized. Careful consideration of the benefit to the mother and the risk to the fetus is required while prescribing drugs duringpregnancy. In the present study 1000 pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient department of..........

Keywords- Pregnancy, Drug utilization, Iron, Folic acid, B complex

[1]. S Folke; B Donald; Bramley D.W, Introduction to Drug Utilization Research. Geneva. World Health organization, 2013; 77 –84.
[2]. Inamdar;NRAswar; VKSonkar; MK Doibale.Indian Medical Gazette.,2012, August:305-311.
[3]. PunamSachdeva, B. G. Patel, B. K. Patel. Drug Use in Pregnancy; a Point to Ponder! Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009 Jan-Feb; 71(1):1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250- 474X.51941; PMid: 20177448 PMCid:PMC2810038.
[4]. Shankar, P., Partha, P. &Shenoy, N. (2002). Self-medication and non-doctor prescription practices in Pokharavalley, Western Nepal: a questionnaire-based study. BMC Family Practice, 3(1), 17-23.
[5]. GebremichaelLemlem ;Gebremedhin;.P. Gomathi. Assessment Of Drug Use And Effect In Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care In Hospitals Of Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia,; Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2014; 4(6):75-82.
[6]. Beyens MN, Guy C, Ratrema M, Ollagnier M: Prescription of drugs to pregnant women in France: the HIMAGE study. Therapie. 2003, 58:505-511...

Abstract: Background: Seizure disorder is the commonest neurological condition encountered in most paediatric neurology clinics. A knowledge of the clinical pattern of seizure disorders determines the type of treatment thereby improving the outcome and the quality of life of affected persons. Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical patterns and impact of childhood epilepsy in Port Harcourt, Nigeria Methods:This was a prospective study carried out over a two-year period in the Paediatric neurology unit of the Rivers State University Teaching..........

[1]. Epilepsy http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/details/epilepsy
[2]. Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics Mohamad A, Mikati , Abeer J.H Seizures in Childhood 593: 2823-2857
[3]. Izuora GI, Ileoje SO. A review of neurological disorders at the paediatric neurology clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu. Ann Trop Peadiatr 1989; 9: 185-190
[4]. Frank-Briggs AI, Alikor EAD. Pattern of paediatric neurological disorders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Int J Biomed Sci 2011; 7: 145-149
[5]. Lagunju IA, Okafor OO. An analysis of disorders seen at the paediatric neurology clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Ann Trop Paediatr 1989; 9: 185-190..

Abstract: A prospective observational study was conducted at three ophthalmic clinics to assess the clinical patterns and etiology of uveitis in the Central Asia Republic of Tajikistan. All patients underwent physical and ophthalmologic examinations. Extensive efforts were made to determine the etiology of uveitis, including workups for Behçet's Disease (BD) and Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) syndrome. All patients were tested for the presence of HLA-B27. Presence and/or history of tuberculosis and syphilis were ruled out. HSV, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and HIV antibody titers were determined by ELISA. Uveitis was diagnosed in 51 patient ages 14 to 60 were with women........

Keywords- Uveitis, HLA-B27 Antigen, Spondylitis, Behcet Syndrome, Vogt Koyanagi Harada Syndrome

[1]. Seve, P., P. Cacoub, B. Bodaghi, et al., Uveitis: Diagnostic work-up. A literature review and recommendations from an expert committee, Autoimmun Rev. 16(12), 2017, 1254-1264.
[2]. González, M.M., M.M. Solano, T.C. Porco, C.E. Oldenburg, N.R. Acharya, S.C. Lin, and M.F. Chan, Epidemiology of uveitis in a US population-based study, J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 8(6), 2018, 1-8.
[3]. Rosenbaum, J.T., New developments in uveitis associated with HLA B27, Curr Opin Rheumatol. 29(4), 2017, 298-303.
[4]. Forrester, J.V., L. Kuffova, and A.D. Dick, Autoimmunity, autoinflammation, and infection in uveitis, Am J Ophthalmol. 189, 2018, 77-85.
[5]. Suttorp-Schulten, M. and A. Rothova, The possible impact of uveitis in blindness: a literature survey, Br J Ophthalmol. 80(9), 1996, 844-848...