iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2021

Abstract: Anti-epileptic drugs (AED) encompass a wide range of medications which may lead to catabolism of vitamin D and hypocalcemia that may significantly effect the risk for low bone mass and fractures. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. It acts by blocking sodium channel and prevents repetitive and sustained firing of action potential. With the current estimates of 50 million people worldwide with epilepsy together with the rapid increase in utilization of these medications for other indications, bone disease......

[1]. Dennis I Andress, Judy Ozuna RN, David Tirshwell, Lucinda Grande. Antiepilptic Drug-Induced Bone Loss in Young Male Patients Who Have Seizures. Arch Neurol 2002;59:781-86.
[2]. Valimaki MJ, Tiibonan M, Laitinen K, et al. Bone mineral density measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and novel markers of bone formation and resorption in patients on antiepileptic drugs. J Bone Miner Res 1994;9:631-37.
[3]. Siddiqui MA. Osteomalacia and phenytoin therapy (letter). Ann Intern Med 1994;121:550.
[4]. Holick MF, Krane SM . Introduction to bone and mineral metabolism. In: Harrison's principles of internal medicine. In: Eugene B, Fauci A, Kasper D, Hauser S, Longo D and Jameson JL, editor. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 15th. New York, McGraw-Hill.; 2001. pp. 2192–2194.
[5]. Pascussi JM, Robert A, Nguyen M, Walrant-Debray O, Garabedian M, Martin P, Pineau T, Saric J, Navarro F, Maurel P, Vilarem MJ. Possible involvement of pregnane X receptor-enhanced CYP24 expression in drug-induced osteomalacia. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:177–186. doi: 10.1172/JCI200521867.

Abstract: Background: It is conventional to suture all the layers that are cut during surgery. This is indeed what every surgeon is taught and every surgeon is practicing. The fear of increased adhesions following the non-closure of peritoneum has been disapproved by many studies.
Our hypothesis is that – peritoneum has rich nerve supply and poor blood supply. Closure of peritoneum results in more pain because of ischemia produced by suturing. To test our hypothesis we will take up this study to know the effect of non-closure of peritoneum at appendectomy on post- operative pain and analgesic requirement........

Keyword: Appendectomy, Peritoneum, VAS, Analgesia

[1]. Ellis H,Heddle R. Does the peritoneum needs to be closed at laparotomy? Br J Surg 1977 Oct;64 (10):733-6.
[2]. Dorfman S, Rincon A, Shortt H: Cholecystectomy via kocher incision without peritoneal closure. Invest Clin 1997:38 (1) : 3-7.
[3]. Hull DB, Varner MW: A randomized study of closure of the peritoneum at caesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1991; 77: 818-820.
[4]. Nagele F, Karas H, Spitzer D, Standach A, Kurasegh S, Beck A, Husslein D: Closure or non closure of the visceral peritoneum at caesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996:714:1366-70.
[5]. Irion O, Frank L, Beguin F: Non-closure of the visceral and parietal peritoneum at caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial. B J Obstet and Gynaecol 1996; 103; 690-694

Abstract: Chronic otitis media is a longstanding infection of the middle ear cleft characterized by persistent or recurrent aural discharge, deafness and perforation of tympanic membrane. Mucosal type of Chronic otitis media can be managed in two ways, conservative and surgical management. The aim of middle ear surgery for hearing is reduction in the patient's hearing disability, not just closure of the air-bone gap.(1) Small perforations usually heal spontaneously but when the edges of the perforation are covered by stratified squamous epithelium, a perforation becomes permanent and does not heal spontaneously.(2) "Tympanoplasty is an operation to eradicate disease in the middle ear and to reconstruct the hearing mechanism, with or without tympanic membrane...

Keywords: Tympanoplasty, Chronic otitis media, Pure tone audiometry

[1]. Browning GG et al Scott-brown's otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, 7th edn. 3:3421
[2]. Khan NA. Repair of traumatic perforation of tympanic membranes by a new technique. Pak J Otolaryngol. 1992;8:177–179.
[3]. Sismanis A (2003) Tympanoplasty Glasscock–Shambaugh 'surgery of the ear', Chap 24. BC Decker Inc, Hamilton
[4]. Vrabec JT, Deskin RW, Grady JJ. Meta-analysis of pediatric tympanoplasty. Arch Otolaryngol. 1999;125(5):530–534. doi: 10.1001/archotol.125.5.530.
[5]. Rizer FM. Overlay versus underlay tympanoplasty. Part I: historical review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 1997;107((12) suppl 84):1–25. doi: 10.1097/00005537-199712001-00001.

Abstract: Stilling-Türk-Duane syndrome is a congenital form of strabismus that poses a diagnostic problem due to its rarity. The diagnosis is clinical and is usually made in early childhood, although it can sometimes be overlooked until later in life. The cardinal signs are the more or less marked limitation of abduction and adduction of the eye, the narrowing of the palpebral slit during adduction attempts and the frequent association of a moderate horizontal deviation of the face. Vertical disorders may be associated with adduction. These abnormalities are explained by a contraction of the horizontal muscles related to a paradoxical innervation of the lateral rectus muscle by the III. The treatment, which is surgical, seeks to correct a torticollis and/or an unsightly ocular derivation.

Key Words: Stilling-Turk-Duane syndrome, Duane retraction syndrome, strabismus, abducens nerve

[1]. H. Skiker, M. Laghmari, O. Cherkaoui, R. Lachgar, R. Daoudi. Syndrome de Stilling-Türk-Duane bilatéral associé à un syndrome des larmes de crocodile et à un mégacôlon congénital. J Fr. Ophtalmol., 2008; 31, e6
[2]. George Alexandrakis, MD, and Richard A. Saunders, MD. DUANE RETRACTION SYNDROME PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY
[3]. Ahmed Awadein, Shaimaa A. Arfeenl. Pratik Chougule. Ramesh Kekunnaya 2. Duane—minus (Duane sine retraction and Duane sine limitation): possible incomplete forms of Duane retraction syndrome. The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2020.
[4]. Jae Hyoung Kim1 and Jeong-Min Hwang2. Postoperative full abduction in a patient of Duane retraction syndrome without an abducens nerve: a case report. Kim and Hwang BMC Ophthalmology (2017)
[5]. Brenda J Barry, MS, Mary C Whitman, MD, PhD,3 David G Hunter, MD, PhD, and Elizabeth C Engle, MD. Duane Syndrome. US National Library of Medecine. Created: May 25, 2007; Updated: August 29, 2019.

Abstract: At the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV 2) was considered a cause of number of lower respiratory tract infections. However, SARS-CoV 2 also causes upper respiratory tract related symptoms. Aim of this study was to observe the development of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, to detect other ENT manifestations in COVID-19 patients, to study the association of anosmia and ageusia with smoking and to assess the patients for recovery of sense of smell. This study was conducted on 104 patients from October 2020 to December 2020, in LLRM Medical College, Meerut. Of all the patients 78 were symptomatic and 26 patients were totally asymptomatic. The prevalence of anosmia and ageusia was found to be 28.85% and 23.08% respectively. Association of anosmia and ageusia with smoking was statistically insignificant. Majority of patients recovered their sense of smell within 1–2 weeks from the day of onset.

Key Word: COVID-19, Anosmia, Ageusia

[1]. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P, Wang X, Zhou L, Tong Y, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1199–207. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316.
[2]. Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 20119-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12:8
[3]. Xu H, Zhong L, Deng J, et al. High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:8.
[4]. Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S et al (2020) Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA. https ://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3204
[5]. Wan S, Xiang Y, Fang W, Zheng Y et al (2020) Clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients in Northeast Chongqing. J Med Virol. https ://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25783

Abstract: Background: The Rapid emergence of novel COVID 19 infections has resulted in infection to millions of people and hundreds of deaths around the world. India is ranking second in terms of the number of Covid19 cases. Although there is no specific treatment for COVID, early recognition and supportive treatment can help in reducing mortality. Materials and methods: aim of this study is to describe the association between the initial oxygen saturation when the patient presented to the hospital and the risk of mortality.This is a retrospective study of all laboratory confirmed cases.....

Keywords :COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, risk factors, mortality, Spo2

[1]. COVID-19 Live Dashboard - Check Updates On COVID-19 available at
https://www.mygov.in/covid-19
[2]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506.
[3]. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-513.
[4]. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-1069.
[5]. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020;395 (10229):1054-1062.

Abstract: The objective of this study is to analyze the morphometric data of scapulae and to compare with previous studies and discuss their evolutionary aspect. Background: The scapula is a large, flat triangular bone with three angles, three borders and two surfaces. A prominent spine subdivides the posterior surface into a small superior supraspinous fossa and a much larger, inferior infraspinous fossa. The various morphometric measurements of the scapulae play a major role in identifying age, sex race and can be used in comparative studies. Materials and Methods: This study was performed in Department of Anatomy, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University. 40 scapulae of both sides were taken for study. Length, breadth and infraspinous length were calculated with the help......

Key Word: Scapulae, Scapular length, Scapular breadth, Infraspinous length

[1]. Richard L Drake. Gray's Anatomy for students .4th ed. Page: 690
[2]. Barden CR. Skeleton. American Journal of Anatomy.1905; 4:265-73.
[3]. Inman, Saunders JB, Abbot. Observation on the junction of the shoulder joint. Journal of bone & joint surgery 1944; 1:30.
[4]. Flower WH, Garson JG. The scapular index as a race character in man. Journal of anatphysiol 1879; 14(1):13-17.
[5]. Singhal. A study of measurements and indices of human scapula at Jamnagar Medical College. Int J Res Med. 2013; 2(1):65-8.

Abstract: Summary: Methanol poisoning may lead to severe complication such as severe visual dysfunction, metabolic disturbances, permanent neurological dysfunction and even death. We report the case of toxic optic neuropathy induced by inhalation abuse of methanol as an uncommon route of intoxication. The diagnosis of methanol poisoning was made on the basis of methanol inhalation abuse, metabolic acidosis, visual dysfunction and MRI findings. . Intravenous methylprednisolone was administered 8 days after the intoxication due to delay of consultation without significant improvement. Steroids seem to have an effect on established ocular inflammation which is the well-reported mode of presentation in cases of acute methanol poisoning and should be introduced as early as possible.

Key Words: methanol, optic nerve, intoxication, Inhalation, diluent, steroids

[1]. Johnson LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG. Monitoring the Future: National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: (400412005-001) [Internet]. American Psychological Association; 2003 [cited 2021 Jul 3].
[2]. Nekoukar Z, Zakariaei Z, Taghizadeh F, Musavi F, Banimostafavi ES, Sharifpour A, et al. Methanol poisoning as a new world challenge: A review. Ann Med Surg. 2021 Jun 2;66:102445.
[3]. Sharpe JA, Hostovsky M, Bilbao JM, Rewcastle NB. Methanol optic neuropathy: A histopathological study. Neurology. 1982 Oct 1;32(10):1093–1093.
[4]. Newman N, Biousse V. Diagnostic approach to vision loss. Contin Minneap Minn. 2014 Aug;20(4 Neuro-ophthalmology):785–815.
[5]. Bennett IL, Cary FH, Mitchell GL, Cooper MN. Acute methyl alcohol poisoning: a review based on experiences in an outbreak of 323 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1953 Dec;32(4):431–63.

Abstract: Background& Objective: - Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions using ports (usually 0.5–1.0 cm) as compared to the larger incisions needed in laparotomy. However, extent, nature and procedure of surgery remains the same except it is done through minimal size incisions by using laparoscopic instruments with telescopic camera and under vision of monitors.1 Laparoscopic procedures are associated with port site infections (PSIs), though they have less incidence but they may be associated with significant morbidity. The purpose of study is to access the incidence of port site complications and their associated risk factors in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery in our hospital, as there have been.........

Keywords: Laparoscopic Surgery, Port site complication, Umbilical Hernia, Surgical site infection.

[1]. Theodore N, Pappas, Alison M. Fecher. Principles of Minimally Invasive Surgery. In: JeffreyA.Norton, editor. Surgery: Basic science & clinical evidence, 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2008. P. 784.
[2]. Targarona EM, Balague C, Knook MM, Trias M. Laparoscopic surgery and surgical infection. Br J Surg 2000; 87:536-44.
[3]. Losanoff JE, Richman BW, Jones JW. Trocar-site hernia complicated by necrotizing fasciitis-case report and review of the literature. Hernia 2003; 7:220-3.
[4]. Johnson WH, Fecher AM, McMahon RL, Grant JP, Pryor AD. VersaStep trocar hernia rate in unclosed fascial defects in bariatric patients. Surg Endosc 2006;20(10):1584-6.
[5]. Bruyere F, Sun J, Cosson JP, Kouri G. Incarceration of bowel through opening of a 5-mm port. J Endourol 2004; 18:675-6.
[6]. Chiu CC, Lee WJ, Wang W, Wei PL, Huang MT. Prevention of trocar-wound hernia in laparoscopic bariatric operations. Obes Surg 2006; 16:913-8

Abstract: Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality in both developed and developing countries. Apart from a number of biomarkers for diagnosis of preeclampsia, leptin has recently been shown to be associated with the disease. Leptin is an adipose tissue derived protein. It helps in regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger. Increased leptin levels has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine serum leptin levels in preeclamptic women and to compare the findings between cases and controls. Materials and methods: A case......

Key words: Leptin, preeclampsia, ELISA

[1]. Noris M, Perico N, Remuzzi G. Mechanisms of disease: pre-eclampsia. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2005 Dec;1(2):98-114
[2]. Mise H, Sagawa N, Matsumoto T, Yura S, Nanno H, Itoh H, et al. Augmented placental production of leptin in preeclampsia: possible involvement of placental hypoxia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Sep 1;83(9):3225-9.
[3]. Program NH. Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000 Jul;183(1):S1-S22.
[4]. Ramsay JE, Jamieson N, Greer IA, Sattar N. Paradoxical elevation in adiponectin concentrations in women with preeclampsia. Hypertension. 2003 Nov;42(5):891-4.
[5]. Sibai B, Dekker G, Kupferminc M. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2005 Feb 26;365(9461):785-99.

Abstract: COVID-19, the world's biggest public health epidemic of the twenty-first century, has hit 215 nations and territories, causing 15,151,738 confirmed cases and 621,121 fatalities. Despite stringent public health precautions, the disease has spread rapidly, causing havoc on the world economy and killing millions. The greatest approach for COVID-19 prevention right now is vaccination. Despite this, there has been a lot of interest in repurposing existing medicinal medicines to reduce the severity of the condition and alleviate the load on already overcrowded healthcare systems.1 The study of the interactions between societies and drugs, including the determinants, causes, and social repercussions of drug use, as well.......

[1]. Chakraborty, R. and Parvez, S., 2020. COVID-19: an overview of the current pharmacological interventions, vaccines, and clinical trials. Biochemical pharmacology, p.114184.
[2]. Montastruc, J.L., Lafaurie, M., de Canecaude, C., Montastruc, F., Bagheri, H., Durrieu, G. and Sommet, A., 2021. COVID-19 vaccines: a perspective from social pharmacology. Therapies.