iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Cancer Cervix Is The Fourth Most Common Cancer In The World And The Second Most Common In India. The Timely Diagnosis And Treatment Allows Significant Reduction In The Morbidity And The Mortality Rate. Aim : The Aim Of This Study Is To Evaluate And Detect The Precancerous Lesions By Using Pap Smear As A Screening Method Methods: This Is A Retrospectiv Study Conducted In 100 Women Attending Gynae Opd Of A Clinal Set Up, Chennai, Tamil Nadu Between January 2021 To May 2021. A Total Of 100 Women Were Included In This Study Who Were Over 21 Years Who Were Sexually Active. A Clinical Examination , A Per Speculum Examination And A Per Vaginal Examination Were Performed And A History Taken For All The Women.A Pap Smear Was Used To Screen Cervical Cancer.......

Key Words: Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear, Hsil, Lsil, Nilm

[1]. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136:E359–86.
[2]. Bruni L, Barrionuevo-Rosas L, Albero G, Aldea M, Serrano B, Valencia S, et al. ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre) Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases Reports. [Last accessed on 2015 Mar 20].
[3]. ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer. Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in India (Summary Report 2014.08.22) 2014
[4]. Bal MS, Goyal R, Suri AK, Mohi MK. Detection of abnormal cervical cytology in papanicolaou smears. J Cytol. 2012;29:45–7.
[5]. Ansari M, Mehdi G, Arif SH, Ansari H, Khan T. Smear patterns and spectrum of premalignant and malignant cervical epithelial lesions in postmenopausal Indian women: A hospital-based study. Diagn Cytopathol. 2012;40:976–83

Abstract: Introduction The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of concern for the healthcare profession. The aim of this study is to assess the awareness of COVID-19 disease and related infection control practices among healthcare professionals and students in Nellore India. Materials and methods A total of 235 respondents from a dental college completed a questionnaire-based survey on the awareness, knowledge, and infection control practices related to COVID-19 infection in the healthcare setting. The questionnaire was adapted from the current interim guidance and information for healthcare workers.......

Keywords. COVID-19, Dental professionals, Knowledge

[1]. Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet, 2020;395: 565–574.
[2]. Alzoubi et al.COVID-19 - Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Medical and NonMedical University Students in Jordan. J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., 14(1), 17-24 | March 2020.
[3]. Lei S, Jiang F, Su W, Chen C, Chen J, Mei W, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;000: 100331. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100331.
[4]. Muhmmad Saqlain et al. Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare professionals regarding COVID-19: A Cross-sectional survey from Pakistan.
[5]. Ronald Olum et al. Coronavirus Disease-2019: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Health Care Workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda. Frontiers in Public Health. April2020, volume8, article181

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is one of the major complication in patients with Type2 DM. Renal impairment can manifest as decrease eGFR, progression from microalbuminuria to proteinuria. However albuminuria may be absent in cases with abnormal eGFR. There were studies trying to explore the relationship between eGFR and albuminuria on the prognosis of type 2 DM patients. A strong synergistic and individual association was found with progression of disease to ESRD. Whether eGFR and UACR have similar predictive value on CVD in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus needed to studied. Hence this study aims at evaluating the eGFR........

KEY WORDS: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, CVD- Cardiovascular disease, HbA1C-glycosylated haemoglobin, Egfr- estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR- Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio

[1]. Hemmelgarn BR, Manns BJ, Lloyd A, James MT, Klarenbach S, Quinn RR, Wiebe N, Tonelli M: Relation between kidney function, proteinuria, and adverse outcomes. JAMA 303:423–429, 2010.
[2]. Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB: Overall C as a measure of discrimination in survival analysis: Model specific population value and confidence interval estimation. Stat Med 23:2109–2123, 2004
[3]. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL: Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating curves:A nonparametric approach. Biometrics 44: 837–845, 1988
[4]. Tonelli M, Muntner P, Lloyd A, Manns BJ, James MT, Klarenbach S, Quinn RR, Wiebe N, Hemmelgarn BR: Using proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate to classify risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med 154:12–21, 2011
[5]. jameson, Fauci ,Kasper,Hauser,Longo,Loscalzo. Diabetes Mellitus. Chapter 396,398. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 20th edition. Vol 2.newyork:McGraw-Hill Education ; 201 8 pp 6991-7074.

Abstract: AIM: To compare the attenuation of hemodynamic changes during laryngoscopy and Endotracheal intubation with intravenous lignocaine versus intravenous dexmedetomidine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study – randomized, double blind. Ethical committee approval - obtained from our institute. Written informed consent - obtained from all the patients. SOURCE OF DATA: Sixty one patients of both sexes admitted for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia in various surgical disciplines of Government Dharmapuri medical college, Dharmapuri. OBSERVATION: From our study, we observed that Lignocaine attenuated but did not fully abolish the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Also we adequately established that Dexmedetomidine in the dose of 1μg/kg was comparatively superior in attenuation......

Keywords: Catecholamine release; Dexmedetomidine; Hemodynamic response; Lignocaine; Pressor response

[1]. King. B.D. Harris. circulatory responses to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation performed during general anaesthesia. Anaesthesiology. 1951; 12.
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[4]. Wilson IG, Meiklejohn BH, Smith G. Intravenous lignocaine and sympathoadrenal responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. The effect of varying time of injection. 1991;46:177–80.
[5]. Kindler CH, Schumacher PG, Schneider MC, Urwyler A. Effects of intravenous Lidocaine and/or Esmolol on hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. 1996

Abstract: Background: Vitiligo is a common progressive depigmenting skin disease. Methods: a case series study was conducted over a period of one year at dermatology department, Tripoli central hospital . Results: Of the 170vitiligopatients, nearly two-thirds were femaleand one third were male. The majority belonged to the adult age group. The most prevalent clinical form of vitiligo wasacrofacial type(40.6%) followed by the V vulgaris (38%).Most of our patients (69%) had disease onset in the first three decades. Extremities (42.9%) followed by Face (28.8%) were the most commonly affected parts of the body at the onset of the disease. Emotional upset (57%) and physical traumas (30.8%) were the frequently reported triggering factors of vitiligo. Family history of vitiligo was......

[1]. Ezzedine K, Lim HW, Suzuki,Tet al. Revised classification/nomenclature of vitiligo and related issues: The vitiligo global issues consensus conference. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012;25:E1-13.
[2]. Naresh C Laddha , MiteshDwivedi, Mohmmad S Mansuri, Amina R Gani, MdAnsarullah, A V Ramachandran, Sarat Dalai, Rasheedunnisa Begum,Vitiligo: interplay between oxidative stress and immune system.2013 Apr;22(4):245-50.
[3]. Alkhateeb A, Fain PR, Thody A, Bennett DC, Spritz RA. Epidemiology of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Caucasian probands and their families. Pigment Cell Res 2003;16:208-14.
[4]. Liza Gill 1, Allison Zarbo 2, PresciliaIsedeh 3, Gordon Jacobsen 4, Henry W Lim 3, Iltefat, Hamzavi.Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with vitiligo, J AM A cad Dermatol 2016 Feb;74(2):295-302.
[5]. Ramachandran V1, Kim KM2, Zhang L,Associated With Halo Nevi and Premature Gray Hair.Cureus, 13 Mar 2021, 13(3):e13868.

Abstract: Background: Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones; its deficiency is a serious public health challenge and the commonest cause of thyroid disorders in Africa. Both insufficient and excessive intake of iodine are associated with thyroid diseases. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status of primary school children in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 346 pupils from 12 primary schools in Nnewi, South East Nigeria using two-staged and simple random sampling methods. Their sociodemographic characteristics were obtained using self-administered questionnaires. Urine iodine concentrations were determined with the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 21. Level of.......

Keywords: Iodine status, school age children, iodine deficiency, high urinary iodine concentration

[1]. LaFranchi S, Huang S. A. Thyroid development and physiology. In: Kliegman R, Stanton B, St.Gene J, et al. (eds) Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc., 2016, pp. 2663–4.
[2]. de Escobar G, Obregon M, del Rey F. Maternal thyroid hormones early in pregnancy and fetal brain development. Best Pr Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 18(2): 225–248.
[3]. Williams G. Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone. J Neuroendocr. 2008; 20(6): 784–94.
[4]. Tsegaye B, Ergete W. Histopathologic pattern of thyroid disease. East Afr Med J. 2003; 80(10): 525–8.
[5]. de Benoist B, Burrow G, Delange F, et al. Introduction. In: de Benoist B, Burrow G, Schultink W (eds) Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring their Elimination. Geneva: WHO press, 2007, pp. 1–5.

Abstract: Background: Uterine Leiomyoma are benign neoplasm composed of smooth muscle with variable amount of connective tissue1, is the commonest visceral neoplasm affecting females in reproductive age group2. They are noted clinically in 20-30% of women over 30 years of age.
Aim: To analyze the clinicopathologic spectrum of uterine leiomyomas with regards to their clinical and histopathological presentation, associated changes and variants. Methods: All hysterectomy and myectomy specimen received at Nalanda Medical College, Patna over a period of one year from Dec. 2018 to Nov. 2019,provisionally diagnosed as leiyomyoma clinically or/and sonologically .Clinical data obtained on a proforma.......

Keywords: Leiomyoma, Myometrium, Hysterectomy, Myomectomy

[1]. Crum C P. Body of uterus and Endometrium. In: Kumar V, Abbas A K, Fausto N, Eds. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004:1089-90.
[2]. Silverberg SG, Tabbara SO. The uterine corpus. In: Silverberg SG, Delellis RA, Frable WJ, Eds. Principles and Practice of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology. Vol 3 (3rd edition). New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1997:2459-516
[3]. Ackerman, Gull B, Karlsson B, Milsom I, Granberg S. Factors associated with endometrial thickness and uterine size in random sample of postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185(2):386-91.
[4]. Zaloudek CJ, Hendrickson MR, Soslow RA. Mesenchymal tumors of uterus. In: Blaustein Pathology of the female genital tract. 6th ed; 2011:459-466
[5]. HA Nggada, MIA Khalil, B Isa. A clinico-pathological analysis of uterine leiomyomata in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Kanem Journal of Medical Sciences 2007;1(1):1-4.

Abstract: Background: Malnutrition in India remains a predominant risk factor for morbidity and mortality in under five children.To combat malnutrition many community based programmes have been launched.Integrated Childhood Development Services (ICDS) scheme launched in 1975, continues to be India's flagship child welfare programme to meet the nutritional needs of millions of children and a multisectoral strategy for eradicating malnutrition. Objectives: To study the nutritional status of Anganwadi children under ICDS in rural field practice area of Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences. Methods: A cross sectional study of 770 Anganwadi children in rural field practice area of Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences......

Keywords: Malnutrition,Anganwadi,ICDS,Nutritional status,Anthropometry

[1]. Silva VG, Silva SG. Nutritional Status of Anganwadi Children under the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme in a Rural Area in Goa. Int J Sci Stud 2015;3(7):217-221.
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[4]. Salganik MJ. Variance estimation, design effects, and sample size calculations for respondent-driven sampling. J Urban Health Bull New York Acad Med 2006;83:98-112
[5]. Measuring Change in Nutritional Status. Technical Report Series No 854. WHO; 1983

Abstract: Background: Among the other risk factors for dry eye Corneal surgery has been identified as one of the major cause by decreasing corneal sensation and changing the contour of the ocular surface due to the inflammation caused by surgical trauma. Clear cornea phacoemulsification is thought to alter the ocular surface thereby disrupting normal tear physiology. The purpose of study was to study ocular status regarding dry eye following phacoemulsification in patients attending a tertiary healthcare centre. Materials and Methods: After taking informed consent 320 patients having cataract who had under gone phacoemulsification with IOL implantation were included in our study. After ruling out pre-existing ocular disease, surgery ,trauma and systemic diseases, Dry Eye evaluation by Schirmer test and Tear Film Break Up Time Test was done pre and postoperatively at......

Key Words: Dry eye, Phacoemulsification, Tear film break-up Time and Schirmer test

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