iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2021

Abstract: Head and neck cancer describes malignant tumor arising in or around the throat, larynx, nose, sinuses, and mouth.Pathologiclallymost of them are squamous cell carcinoma.Magnitude of problem in India Overall, 57.5% of global head and neck cancers occur in Asia especially in India. Head and neck cancers in India accounted for 30% of all cancers. In India, 60 to 80% of patients present with advanced disease as compared to 40% in developed countries. The incidence of HNSCC continues to rise and is anticipated to increase by 30% (that is, 1.08 million new cases annually) by 2030.Loco-regional recurrence is seen within two years in almost 60% of patients. These patients suffer with severe painThese patients are treated commonly with Platinum agents. Recently we have Pembrolizumab and Cetuximab introduced in the management of recurrent head and neck malignancy. These are not affordable by 95% of our population.We are in search of an effective ,affordable and accessible chemotherapeutic agent for such patients. We conducted a study on Metronomic chemotherapy in Head and Neck cancer patients.

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[2]. Patil VM, Noronha V, Joshi A, Muddu VK, Dhumal S, Bhosale B, et al. Aprospective randomized phase II study comparing metronomic chemotherapy with chemotherapy (single agent cisplatin), in patients with metastatic, relapsed or inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Oral Oncol 2015;51:279-86.
[3]. K S Senthil Kumar1 , V Arumugam2Outcome of Oral Metronomic Therapy with Methotrexate and Celecoxib in Advanced/ Recurrent Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International Journal of Scientific Study | March 2019 | Vol 6 | Issue 12.
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Abstract: The evolution of bonding have brought remarkable changes in orthodontics from welding of orthodontic metal brackets to metal bands to bonding of brackets to enamel surface. Due to increase public awareness for esthetics and good smile, the demand for orthodontic treatment among adults have increased tremendously. Thus, the interest to find ideal bonding adhesive and methods to bond orthodontic brackets to different surfaces such as amalgam, porcelain, zirconia etc. which is frequently found in adults had led to significant changes in properties of recently developed resin-based bonding materials. Although, availability of these new generation primers has made treatment for adult patients easier and more esthetic. However, there is still no full- proof method or an ideal adhesive which can deliver satisfactorily clinical bond strength on enamel and other surfaces to prevent bond failure. Thus, the purpose of this overview is to understand the prevailing ways in current times to bond orthodontic brackets in difficult clinical situations and on enamel and different surfaces..

Keywords. Orthodontic brackets, bonding, surface treatment

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Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hypercoagulability due to severe viral pneumonia is not novel. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia exhibit coagulation abnormalities, most commonly elevated levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer, often with mild thrombocytopenia. Three stages of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy have been proposed: stage 1 showing elevated D-dimer, stage 2 showing elevated D-dimer together with mildly prolonged PT/INR and aPTT and mild thrombocytopenia, and stage 3 with critical illness and laboratory studies progressing towards classic DIC.........

KEY WORDS: COVID 19, COMORBIDITY, PT INR, APTT, D-DIMER, PLATELETS

[1]. Marietta M, Ageno W, Artoni A, De Candia E, Gresele P, Marchetti M, et al. COVID-19 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET). Blood Transfus. 2020 May;18(3): 167–9.
[2]. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497–506.
[3]. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054–62.
[4]. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708–20
[5]. McGonagle D, O'Donnell JS, Sharif K, Emery P, Bridgewood C. Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;2(7):e437–45.

Abstract: Cataract extraction is the most common intraocular surgery done worldwide1. The complication rate of cataract surgery is 1-2%.The most common intraocular complication is posterior capsular rent2. In cases of PCR, the surgeon can implant ACIOL, SFIOL or iris claw lenses. These special IOL implantations help to rehabilitate patients with postsurgical aphakia & cataracts with no posterior capsular support. AIM :This study aims to determine the factors affecting the visual outcome and complications following scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study totally 50 patients were included. After detailed preoperative evaluation, anterior vitrectomy with ab externo two point scleral fixated intraocular lens implantation was done by a single surgeon. Detailed post-operative evaluation was done. All these patients were followed up at 1,4, 6 weeks and later.....

Keywords: Aphakia, Cataract, Intraocular lens, scleral fixation

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Abstract: Infectious keratitis in contact lens wearers is becoming increasingly common. They require standardized management in order to avoid diagnostic and therapeutic delays that may affect the visual prognosis. We present two case reports of individuals who developed infectious keratitis related to Pseudomonas aeruginosa while wearing daily soft contact lenses. A 31-year-old woman, who reported using daily silicone hydrogel contact lenses presented with a rapid onset of infection. The infection responded to antibiotics in fortified eye drops for 10 days, and after treatment, a stable situation with a corrected visual acuity of 2/10 was achieved after 6 weeks. Another 29-year-old woman who had been using conventional soft contact lenses before switching to daily silicone hydrogel contact lenses for 12 to 14 hours of wear developed severe keratitis in her left eye after 2 months of wear. The evolution was marked by the extension of the abscess and a corneal perforation despite the treatment. She underwent a transfixing keratoplasty to obtain a final visual acuity of 3/10..

Key words: Pseudomonas, Keratitis, contact lens, silicone hydrogel

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Abstract: Motivation: This paper aims to present the case of a patient who in youth showed extensive auditory and visual hallucinations, doubled by phenomenology in the paranoid spectrum of persecution, with the change of behavior in a bizarre psychotic sense, including an attempted suicide under the rule of florid symptoms. Objective: Presenting how guardianship (under interdiction) was used as a formidable tool for the patient in question, who had also reached a high level of pre-morbid functioning (lawyer, family of intellectuals). Consequently, the legislature and its legal connotation, similar to the situation of involuntary hospitalizations, become a handy tool in.......

Keywords: paranoid schizophrenia, extensive hallucinations, self-medication

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Abstract: Introduction: Shivering is a common problem during neuraxial anaesthesia. Neuraxial anaesthesia impairs thermoregulatory control and up to a 56.7% incidence of shivering has been reported. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic use of intravenous ketamine and tramadol in control of shivering and to note any side-effects of the drugs used. Material and Methods: Randomized double-blind study was conducted in 90 ASA grade I and II patients. Neuraxial block was performed with 0.5% bupivacaine heavy in all patients. The patients were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 each to receive saline as placebo (group C), ketamine 0.5 mg/kg (group K) and tramadol 0.5 mg/kg (group T). Temperature and hemodynamic parameters were recorded at every 5 min interval. Shivering was graded from 0 to 4........

Keywords: Ketamine, Tramadol, Neuraxial blockade, Shivering

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Abstract: Background: To study the histopathological features of skin adnexal tumors and with respect to age, sex and site of distribution.
Material and Methods: This study was undertaken in department of pathology, Dr SCGMC, Nanded for period of 18 months from January 2018-june 2019 to determine the histopathological findings in epidermal tumors. Result- Total 22 cases were studied. The incidence of skin adnexal tumors is highest in sweat gland differentiation (45.45%), followed by hair follicle differentiation (22.72%), sebaceous differentiation (18.18%), site specific tumors (13.63%). In hair follicular differentiation tumors, we found only cases of pilomatricoma ( 5 cases), sebaceous carcinoma......

Keywords: skin adnexal tumor, benign, malignant.

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Abstract: Background: Doctors and nurses are frontline healthcare workers responsible for testing and treating of Covid-19 patients. It is therefore important that they are aware of possible occupational risk, adequately trained and have confidence in their preparedness, essential for limiting in hospital spread of covid-19 infection. Aim/ Objectives: The aim is to assess the knowledge of occupational risk, training and preparedness of doctors and nurses at Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ogun State, Nigeria, against in hospital spread of COVID 19 infection. Materials and Methods: A self-administered online survey was conducted. Result:The result showed that 51.7% of the respondents demonstrated excellent knowledge of occupational risk of exposure to COVID-19. More.....

Key Words: Covid-19; SARS Cov-2; Infection prevention and control

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Abstract: COBAS SARS-CoV-2 is a qualitative test for use on the COBAS 6800 System for the detection of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in individual or pooled nasal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swab samples collected in 0.9% physiological saline. The RNA Internal Control, used to monitor the entire sample preparation and PCR amplification process, is introduced into each specimen during sample processing. In addition, the test utilizes external controls. This test is also intended for the qualitative detection of nucleic acids from SARS-CoV-2 in pooled samples containing up to and including six individual samples from healthcare provider-instructed self-collected nasal swab specimens (collected on site), or healthcare provider-collected nasal, nasopharyngeal, and oropharyngeal swab specimens. Negative results from pooled samples should be treated as presumptive.......

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Abstract: In March 2020 the World health organization (WHO) declared covid 19 as a pandemic. Since then the pathophysiology of the disease, clinical presentation of the patient, screening guidelines and management protocols of the disease has been ever evolving day by day……
We present a case of 73 years old man from Rajasthan hadoti region who was diagnosed , treated ,symptomatically improved from covid 19 respiratory illness( moderate severity) and further home isolated patient presenting with acute intractable vertigo, nausea vomiting to the casualty which simulated the presentation of acute cerebrovascular accident. The pathophysiology of covid 19 induced labrinthitis is similar to any other viral infections and early suspicion and diagnosis of such cases is important for proper isolation, treatment and avoiding unnecessary investigations.

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Abstract: Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of 'acute abdomen' in young adults. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate whether hyperbilirubinemia have a predictive potential for the diagnosis of Appendicular perforation in cases of acute appendicitis. Materials and methods: The present study is a prospective non-randomised study carried out in the Department of Surgery, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital with 110 patients, admitted with the clinical and radiological diagnosis of Acute appendicitis and Appendicular perforation, from 1st June, 2019 to 30th May, 2020. Patients with pre-existing jaundice, liver cirrhosis and chronic alcohol consumption were excluded. Results and Observations: Bilirubin.....

Key Words: appendicitis, hyperbilirubinemia, appendicular perforation, sensitivity, specificity, histopathological, intraoperative, acute, complications.

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Abstract: Resumen La agenesia es una patología congénita que se caracteriza por la ausencia parcial o total del germen dentario de uno o varios órganos. El presente caso clínico muestra a paciente con ausencia congénita de incisivos laterales mandibulares tratada con cierre de espacios y sustitución canina, y extracciones de premolares maxilares. Palabras clave: agenesia, laterales, sustitución. Abstract Agenesis is a congenital pathology characterized by the partial or total absence of the dental germ of one or more organs. The present clinical case shows a patient with congenital absence of mandibular lateral incisors, treated with space closure and canine replacement, and extractions of maxillary premolars.

Key Words: agenesis, laterals, substitution

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