iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2021

Abstract: Conjunctivalmelanoma is relatively rare aggressive malignant tumor. Its incidence in the white population is estimated at 0.2 to 0.8 per million. Its management consists on surgical excision, cryotherapy, and eventually radiotherapy or local chemotherapy. UV rays are largely incriminated in the pathogenesis of melanoma, while the role of trauma is still a subject of controversy , this hypothesis of trauma is reinforced by the presence of melanomas in areas with low exposure to sunlight . We report a case of conjunctival melanoma evolving at the site of previous ocular trauma.

Keywords: Melanoma ,Conjunctiva ,Ocular injury.

[1]. Brownstein S .Malignant Melanoma of the Conjunctiva .Cancer Control.September/October 2004, Vol. 11, No. 5.
[2]. Rasrelli, Tropea S, Rossi CR . Melanoma: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Classification. in vivo 28: 1005-1012 (2014).
[3]. Rajbhandari Y, Gupta S , Yadav R, Manandhar A, Myat Mon A. A rare case of conjunctival malignant melanoma with orbital invasion. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2019; Vol 11 (21): 77-81.
[4]. Shields CL, Markowitz JS, Belinsky I, SchwartzsteinH.Conjunctival Melanoma Outcomes Based on Tumor Origin in 382 Consecutive Cases . Ophthalmology Volume 118, Number 2, February 2011.
[5]. Shields CL. Conjunctival melanoma: risk factors for recurrence, exenteration, metastasis and death in 150 consecutive patients. Trans Am OphthalmolSoc, 2000;98:471-92..

Abstract: X-linked Retinoschisis (XLRS) is one of the most common macular degenerations in young male. It is characterized by a high degree of clinical variability.The semiology of the examination of the fundus, the OCT and the electroretinogram allowto diagnose this maculopathy. DNA analysis confirms the diagnosis of macular retinoschisis linked to X and provides the opportunity for genetic counselling for the patient and family

Keywords. Juvenile retinoschisis, X-linked retinoschisis.

[1]. Apushkin MA, Fishman GA, Rajagopalan AS. Fundus findings and longitudinal study of visual acuity loss in patients with X-linked retinoschisis. Retina 2005;25:612-8.
[2]. Eksandh LC, Ponjavic V, Ayyagari R, Bingham EL, Hiriyanna KT, Andreasson S et al. Phenotypic expression of juvenile X-linked retinoschisis in Swedish families with different mutations in the XLRS1 gene. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:1098-104.
[3]. Kjellström S, Vijayasarathy C, Ponjavic V, Sieving PA, Andréasson S. Long-term 12 year follow-up of X-linked congenital retinoschisis. Ophthalmic Genet 2010;31:114-25.
[4]. Sikkink SK, Biswas S, Parry NR, Stanga PE, Trump D. X-Linked retinoschisis: an update. J Med Genet 2007;44(4):225-32.
[5]. George ND, Yates JR, Moore AT. Clinical features in affected males with X-linked retinoschisis. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114(3):274-80.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of anti-D antibody formation among the Rhesus D negative women in response to D antigen exposure either by previous transfusion, delivery or immunization by Ig-D. Methodology: Cross sectional prospective study. This study had done in the Transfusion Medicine Department, BSMMU from 1st January 2007 to 31st January 2015. Subject: All 783 Rhesus negative mothers were sent for detection of Rh D antibody as a part of their antenatal check up. Result: Higher prevalence of O group found in this study. More alloantibody detected in the age group 25-29 years and other ABO group shows the relationship of alloantibody formation with age and parity. Husband blood group was more or less competent.....

Keywords: D-Responder, D-negative, Hemolytic, fetomaternal, Hemolytic Disease of Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) or Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (HDN).

[1]. The Rh System In: Brecher M, Brecher E, editors. AABB Technical Manual. 15th edition. Bethesda, MD: American Association of Blood Banks; 2005. page.89-95.
[2]. Mollison PL, Engelfriet CP, Contreras M (Eds). Blood transfusion in clinical medicine 11th edition. Oxford: Blackwell. 1995;496-7, 395
[3]. Bowman JM. Treatment options for the fetus with alloimmune hemolytic disease. Transfusion Med Rev 1990;4:191-207.
[4]. Bowman JM. Controversies in Rh prophylaxis. Who needs Rh immune globulin and when should it be given? American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1985;151:289-94.
[5]. Bowman JM. The prevention of Rh immunization. Transfusion Med Rev 1988;2:129-50.
[6]. Danise M. Harmening, edition 5, Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices, F.A. Davis Company,385-394

Abstract: Background: In medico-legal investigations, the identification of skeletal remains is critical. At the site of mass disasters and crimes, the hard tissue being tougher is often the sample from which sex is to be determined. The pelvis and skull are the most commonly studied skeletal components for gender determination, with the mandible being a useful component. Presence of a dense layer of compact bone makes it very durable and well preserved. Mandibular ramus can be used to differentiate between sexes and it also expresses strong sexual dimorphism. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was done comprising of a total sample size of 60 individuals classified into 2 groups comprising of 30 males and 30 females. Measurements were done on curved slicing or panoramic view of CBCT at 30.3 mm. In this study, two parameters were measured and compared; measurement of the mandibular ramus.....

Key Word: Forensic dentistry, Mandible, Mandibular condyle, CBCT , Sexual dimorphism

[1]. Saini V, Srivastava R, Rai R K, Shamal S N, Singh T B, Tripathi S K. Mandibular ramus: An indicator for sex in fragmentary mandible. Journal of forensic sciences. 2011; 56(1): 13-16.
[2]. Krogman W M. Introduction. In: The human skeleton in forensic medicine. 1rst edition. Illinois, USA: Thomas Books; 1962.p.3-17.
[3]. Giles E. Sex determination by discriminant function analysis of the mandible. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1964; 22: 129–35.
[4]. Duric M, Rakocevic Z, Donic D. The reliability of sex determination of skeletons from forensic context in the Balkans. Forensic Sci Int. 2005; 147(2):159–64.
[5]. Hu K S, Koh K S, Han S H, Shin K J, Kim H J. Sex determination using nonmetric characteristics of the mandible in Koreans. J Forensic Sci. 2006; 51(6):1376–82.

Abstract: COVID-19 is the worst pandemic, that has created health, social and economic crisis worldwide.it shook humanity and took like 3 months in India to have a proper treatment guideline for the same. According to the GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASES(GBD) by WHO elevated systolic blood pressure stands at top in mortality rank and elevated fasting blood glucose at 4th of the same list of 2019 suggesting burden of hypertension and diabetes world wide, this study mainly encompasses on assessment of NLR and CTSS there by disease progression in diabetics and hypertensive patients compared with non-comorbid patient According to NIH (National institute of health) feb-03-2021 guidelines, the disease has been classified clinically into asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe and critical taking into the account of peripheral oxygen saturation1 at presentation and radiologically.

[1]. Clinical classification in Guidelines for management of covid-19 by NIH (feb-03-2021) https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/
[2]. Liu F, Zhang Q, Huang C, Shi C, Wang L, Shi N, Fang C, Shan F, Mei X, Shi J, Song F, Yang Z, Ding Z, Su X, Lu H, Zhu T, Zhang Z, Shi L, Shi Y. CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Theranostics. 2020 Apr 27;10(12):5613-5622. doi: 10.7150/thno.45985. PMID: 32373235; PMCID: PMC7196293.
[3]. Soy M, Keser G, Atagündüz P, Tabak F, Atagündüz I, Kayhan S. Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;39(7):2085-2094. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05190-5. Epub 2020 May 30. PMID: 32474885; PMCID: PMC7260446.Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020 Jun;80(6):607-613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037. Epub 2020 Apr 10. PMID: 32283152; PMCID: PMC7194613.
[4]. Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19. J Infect. 2020 Jun;80(6):607-613. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037. Epub 2020 Apr 10. PMID: 32283152; PMCID: PMC7194613.
[5]. Feng Z, Yu Q, Yao S, Luo L, Zhou W, Mao X, Li J, Duan J, Yan Z, Yang M, Tan H, Ma M, Li T, Yi D, Mi Z, Zhao H, Jiang Y, He Z, Li H, Nie W, Liu Y, Zhao J, Luo M, Liu X, Rong P, Wang W. Early prediction of disease progression in COVID-19 pneumonia

Abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Proximal humerus fractures are the third most common fractures in elderly population after hip and distal radius fractures. Regarding treatment, controversies still exists whether to do conservative or operative management. Various operative procedures are carried out. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the functional outcome and complication of proximal humerus fractures treated by locking plate.
METHODS: Prospective study involving Adults(>18yrs) with proximal humerus fractures admitted in Guntur Medical College/ Government General Hospital, Guntur in the period from Feb 2018 to March 2020. In this study period 30 cases of fractures of proximal humerus were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with Locking Plate was evaluated......

Keywords :Proximal humerus fractures, locking plate, open reduction and internal fixation

[1]. Gerald R. Williams and Kirk L. Wong, 2000: "Two-part and three part fractures-Management of proximal and dist al humerus fr acture". Ort hop Clin Nort h Am, January 31 (1) : 1-21.
[2]. Lous U., Bigili ani, Chapter 9 The shoulder, Vol-1 ed. Charles Rockwood, Frederick A. Fractures of proximal humerus. In Rockwood CA, Matsen.: W.B. Saunders, 1990: p278-334.
[3]. Scott E. Powell, Robert W. Chandler. Fractures o f the proximal humerus. Chapt er-11, In: Text book o f Operat ive techniques in upper ext remit y sport s injur ies. Ed.Frank W. Jobe, Mo sby, 1995: p.313-340
[4]. Zyto K Non operative treatment of comminuted fracture of proximal humerus in the elderly patients, Injury, 1998; 29:349-52 .
[5]. Neer CS. Displaced proximal humeral fracture : P art 1: Classification and evaluation J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1970;52-A:1077-89.
[6]. Hawkins RT, Bell RH, et al, "the three part of proximal humeru". J Bone Joint Surg 1986; 68A: 1410-1414.

Abstract: Background: Laser gingival depigmentation is the easiest and least painful treatment option and does not require periodontal dressing. In most studies, gingival depigmentation by diode laser was performed using power parameters higher than 1 Watt; which is commonly associated with post-operative pain.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive study, 10 patients, 4 males and 6 females, with age range from 16 to 29 years, having moderate to severe melanin physiologic pigmentation of gingiva were treated by diode laser 980 nm, with lowered power parameters to reduce post-operative pain and to allow faster healing of the gingiva. Post-operative assessment included procedure time, pain, clinical response, and patient satisfaction......

Keywords :Gingiva, depigmentation, Diode 980 nm, power, parameters

[1]. Fiorelline JP, Kim DM, Uzel NG. Anatomy of the periodontium. Newmann, Taki, Klokkevold, Carranza. Carranza s clinical periodontology (11th edn). 2011.Elsevier.p.12-27
[2]. Dummett CO, Sakumura JS, Barens G. The relationship of facial skin complexion to oral mucosa pigmentation and tooth color. J Prosthet Dent. 1980 Apr;43(4):392-6. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(80)90207-3. PMID: 6928477.
[3]. DUMMETT CO. Physiologic pigmentation of the oral and cutaneous tissues in the Negro. J Dent Res. 1946 Dec;25(6):421-32. doi: 10.1177/00220345460250060201. PMID: 20285102.
[4]. Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. 10th ed. China: Saunders; 2007. p. 1328
[5]. Namdeoraoji Bahadure R, Singh P, Jain E, Khurana H, Badole G. Management of pigmented gingiva in child patient: a new era to the pediatric dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013 Sep;6(3):197-200. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1218. Epub 2013 Oct 14. PMID: 25206222; PMCID: PMC4086607.

Abstract: Ocular trauma is considered a major cause for visual impairment. The intra ocular foreign bodies represent an important cause of visual morbidity especially amongst the working population.
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency ophthalmology department of 20 Aout 1953 teaching hospital in Casablanca. All medical and surgical records of adult patients admitted between October 2018 and March 2019 for work related eye injuries were reviewed . 130 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 32.20 (±7.5) years. Only 29.75% (n=36) of patients were wearing protecting devices during work accidents. 42.31% (n=55) patients were medically insured. The mean time between ocular trauma and consultation was 1.5(±1.22) days. Corneal opacities were the most frequent complication noted in 34.61% (n=45) of patients. 15.38% (n=20) of patients presented a bacterial keratitis. In 7.69 % cases (n=10), patients developed endophtalmitis. Educating the employees regarding the visual impact of intraocular foreign bodies is necessary

[1]. D utta P. Workplace related ocular foreign bodies: a retrospective data. International Journal of Science & Healthcare Research. 2021; 6(1): 126-128.
[2]. Agrawal C, Girgis S, Sethi A, Sethi V, Konale M, Lokwani P, et al. Etiological causes and epidemiological characteristics of patients with occupational corneal foreign bodies: A prospective study in a hospital-based setting in India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jan;68(1):54–7.
[3]. Kumar SG, Dharanipriya A, Kar SS. Awareness of Occupational Injuries and Utilization of Safety Measures among Welders in Coastal South India. Int J Occup Env Med IJOEM. 2013 Oct 15;4(4 October):252-172–7.
[4]. Cai M, Zhang J. Epidemiological Characteristics of Work-Related Ocular Trauma in Southwest Region of China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Aug;12(8):9864–75.
[5]. McGwin G, Taylor AJ, MacLennan PA, Rue LW. Unusual job activities as a risk factor for occupational injuries. Occup Med Oxf Engl. 2005 Jan;55(1):66–8.

Abstract: Introduction:Thyroid gland is unique among endocrine glands in many ways. Histopathological examination plays a major role in making a correct & accurate diagnosis of various lesions of thyroid, which has a profound impact on the further management of the patient.
Aims and objectives :To study the histopathological spectrum of various lesions of thyroid in patients presenting to a tertiary care center
Materials and methods: The present study is a reterospective study conducted in the Department of pathology , Dr.Shankarrao Chavan government medical college Nanded between January 2018 to June 2019. A total of 360 samples were included in the study.......

Keywords: Colloid goitre,Follicular adenoma,Non – neoplastic,Neoplastic lesions

[1]. Mousavi SJ, Mikaili P, Mehdioghli R. Demographic and histopathological study of the thyroidopathies led to thyroid surgeries in Urmia Imam Hospital, North western Iran. Annals Biol Res 2011;2(5):38-43.
[2]. Unnikrishnan AG, Menon UV. Thyroid disorders in India: An epidemiological perspective. Indian J Endocr Metab 2011;15(2):78-81.
[3]. McHenry CR, Raeburn C, Strickland T, Marty JJ. The utility of routine frozen section examination for intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Am J Surg 1996; 172:658-661
[4]. McHenry CR, Raeburn C, Strickland T, Marty JJ. The utility of routine frozen section examination for intraoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Am J Surg 1996; 172:658-661
[5]. DeLellis RA, Williams ED. Thyroid and Parathyroid Tumours.Chapter 2. In:

Abstract: AIMS: To identify the demographic characteristics of the subject and behavior of those admitted with deliberate self harm and formulate preventive measures METHODS: 200 consecutive subject with suspected Opganophosphorous poisoning between the ages 18 to 70 years where included in this study The study was done at Adichunchanagiri institute of medical sciences and research centre, B.G Nagar between January 2020 and December 2020 RESULTS: out of 200 subjects studied 120 were males 80 were females. alcohol dependence was found dominant in male subjects and depression was found dominant in female subjects CONCLUSION: In males Alcohol.......

Keywords: ER –Emergency room, DSH-Deliberate self harm, o.p. poisoning-organophosphorous poisoning , AIMS and RC – Adichunchanagiri institute of medical sciences and research centre

[1]. Severity of suicidal intent, method and behaviour antecedent to an act of self-harm: a cross sectional study of survivors of self-harm referred to a tertiary hospital in Mysore, south India Murali Krishna 1, RajagopalRajendra, Sumanth M Majgi, NarendraHeggere, ShrutiParimoo, Catherine Robinson, Rob Poole
[2]. A feasibility study to establish a Deliberate Self-harm Register in a state hospital in southern India. RajgopalRajendra, Murali Krishna, SumanthMajgi, NarendraHeggere, Catherine Robinson and Rob Poole
[3]. Pattern of pesticide storage before pesticide self-poisoning in rural Sri Lanka Fahim Mohamed, GaminiManuweera, David Gunnell, ShifaAzher, Michael Eddleston, Andrew Dawson, FlemmingKonradsen
[4]. The global burden of fatal self-poisoning with pesticides 2006-15: Systematic review Emma J. Mewa,1 , Prianka Padmanathanb,1 , FlemmingKonradsenc , Michael Eddlestond , Shu-Sen Change , Michael R. Phillipsf,g , David Gunnellb,⁎
[5]. Analysis of 8000 hospital admissions for acute poisoning in a rural area of Sri Lanka Wim van der Hoek 1, FlemmingKonradsen

Abstract: Background: Adhesive small bowel obstruction after appendectomy is a concerning complication.
Case presentation: Herein, we report a 16-year-old male who appeared in the emergency department with a history of abdominal pain localized in the right lower quadrant and vomiting. The patient reported an open appendectomy four years ago in our hospital. Clinical examination did not reveal peritonism (rebound tenderness, guarding). Computed tomography corroborated small bowel obstruction diagnosis without signs of bowel ischemia, strangulation, or peritonitis. Initially, the patient was treated conservatively, but the following day a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed due to excruciating pain. The laparoscopy converted to exploratory laparotomy for technical reasons. An adhesion band compressing the terminal ileum was found, ligated, and divided......

Keywords: appendectomy; laparoscopy; postoperative adhesions; small bowel obstruction

[1]. Di Saverio S, Podda M, De Simone B et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis: 2020 update of the WSES Jerusalem guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15(1):27.
[2]. Ten Broek RPG, Krielen P, Di Saverio S et al. Bologna guidelines for diagnosis and management of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO): 2017 update of the evidence-based guidelines from the world society of emergency surgery ASBO working group. World J Emerg Surg. 2018;13:24.
[3]. Andersson RE. Small bowel obstruction after appendicectomy. Br J Surg. 2001;88(10):1387-1391.
[4]. Golub R, Siddiqui F, Pohl D. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a metaanalysis. J Am Coll Surg. 1998;186(5):545-553.
[5]. Liu Z, Zhang P, Ma Y et al. Laparoscopy or not: a meta-analysis of the surgical effects of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2010;20(6):362-370

Abstract: Our patient is a fifty six year-old woman, allergic to penicillin, operated in the ophthalmology department for a chalazion of the upper left eyelid, resistant to the medical treatment. The surgical procedure was performed under non-adrenaline local anesthesia using a chalazion forceps. The chalazion was removed with his hull without any complication during the surgery. The patient presented 5 days later, eyelid edema with skin necrosis of the mobile eyelid. We performed a resection of the necrotic skin with traction of the eyelid. After 15 days we made a skin graft to avoid any retraction. Bacteriological samples were inconclusives. We had a progressive detersion of areas of residual necrosis with progressive centripetal regeneration and persistence of a transfixing solution of continuity in the central part of the upper eyelid. For our observation, the mechanism of necrosis is not......

Keywords: Chalazion, chalazion surgery, necrosis, eyelid, skin graft

[1]. N.Sliti, I.Zaraa, L.Daoud, S.Trojett. Acute bilateral palpebral necrosis : A rare complication of local anaesthesia. Annales de dermatologie et de vénerologie . 2010 137 84-85
[2]. John A long . Oculoplastic Surgery . Surgical Techniques in Ophthalmology 2009, Pages 127-128
[3]. Joyce Khandji, Priya Shah, Norman Charles, Payal Patel. Recurrent profuse hemorrhage after chalazion excision in a patient with systemic amyloidosis. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology Aug
[4]. William Katowitz, Meghan O'Brien, Eric Kiskis, Elizabeth M Eliott. An asystolic event after eyelid skin bupivicaine injection during chalazion surgery Journal of American association of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus . Volume 20, Issue 1 , February 2016 75-77
[5]. Rona Z Silkiss, Michael K Paap, Shoaib Ugradar. Increased incidence of chalazion a