iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is one of the most common arthroscopic surgery. It is performed using different grafts, the most common being the Hamstring tendon (HT) and the Bone patella bone tendon(BPBT) grafts. The choice of autograft that can be chosen as a new alternative is the Peroneus Longus Tendon(PLT).The advantages of this graft are its strength and mean thickness, which is nearly same as that of the native ACL.The study was mainly to determine the tensile strength of the PLT and to assess donor ankle morbidity and compare it with HT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 40 patients, 20 each in Hamstring group and Bone Patella Bone group. Patients of age 15-50 years with........

Keywords: ACL, PLT, HT, Arthroscopy, Autograft

[1]. Nazem K, Barzegar M, Hosseini A, Karimi M. Can we use peroneus longus in addition to hamstring tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction?. Advanced biomedical research. 2014;3.
[2]. Lyman S, Koulouvaris P, Sherman S, Do H, Mandl LA, Marx RG. Epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: trends, readmissions, and subsequent knee surgery. JBJS. 2009 Oct 1;91(10):2321-8.
[3]. Woo SL, Wu C, Dede O, Vercillo F, Noorani S. Biomechanics and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2006 Dec 1;1(1):2.
[4]. Spragg L, Chen J, Mirzayan R, Love R, Maletis G. The effect of autologous hamstring graft diameter on the likelihood for revision of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The American journal of sports medicine. 2016 Jun;44(6):1475-81.
[5]. Narayanan SK, Vishal RB. A study on peroneus longus autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2020 Jan;8(1):183

Abstract: Background : Incidence of falls is 32% to 40% in people aged 65 or more. There is evidence that falls can be reduced. It is important to identify high risk patients for intervention . The objectives of this study were to compare the validity of the three fall risk assessment scales and to recommend the most appropriate fall risk assessment scale for Geriatric patients in Indian subcontinent. Materials and Methods : One hundred geriatric patients were assessed using three fall risk assessment tools : Morse scale , Schmid score , STRATIFY scale . The statistical analysis included calculation of sensitivity , specificity , positive predictive value and negative predictive value of each scale . Results : The fall risk assessment tools currently used for elderly did not show sufficiently high predictive validity for risk stratification. STRATIFY score had highest sensitivity but low specificity .Schmid score showed opposite findings.......

Keywords: falls , geriatric, fall prevention, elderly

[1]. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, AmericanAssociation of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention.Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. J Am GeriatricSoc2001; 49:664–72.
[2]. Close J, Ellis M, Hooper R et al. Prevention of falls in the elderlytrial (PROFET): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353(9147):93–7.
[3]. Stephan R . Lord . Falls .Hazzard's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology , 7th Edition. Chapter 48 Page : 723-731
[4]. Chang, J. T., Morton, S. C., Rubenstein, L. Z., Mojica,W. A., Maglione, M., Suttorp, M. J., et al. (2004). Interventions for the prevention of falls in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomizedclinical trials. British Medical Journal, 328, 680–683.
[5]. Oliver D, Daly F, Martin FC et al. Risk factors and risk assessmenttools for falls in hospital inpatients; a systematic review. Age Ageing2004; 33:122–30.

Abstract: Intramural esophageal dissection is a rare clinical condition characterized by a mucosal tear and intramural extension of a false lumen. Etiologies are either iatrogenic as in esophageal instrumentation (oesophagogastroduodenoscopy and transesophageal echocardiography) as well as non-iatrogenic causes (foreign body ingestion and dissecting hematoma from anticoagulant1). Mechanism of occurrence is poorly understood but the theory of dissection is by injury in the mucosal layer of esophagus with further subsequent increase in intraesophageal pressure with end result of a full separation of mucosa and submucosa from the deeper muscular layers........

[1]. Soulellis CA, Hilzenrat N, Levental M. Intramucosal esophageal dissection leading to esophageal perforation: case report and review of the literature. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2008;4(5):362-365.
[2]. Garaigorta et al., J Genet Syndr Gene Ther 2014, 5:1Circumferential Esophageal Dissection Treated Conservatively in a Young Patient with Eosinophilic Esophagitis
[3]. Giao Q. Phan, BA, and Richard F. Heitmiller Intramural Esophageal Dissection.Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:1785–6
[4]. Abdi S, Baianati MR, Momtahen M, Mohebbi B. Intramural Esophageal Dissection: A Rare Cause of Acute Chest Pain after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2019;14(3):138-140.
[5]. Hsu CC, Changchien CS. Endoscopic and radiological features of intramural esophageal dissection. Endoscopy. 2001 Apr;33(4):379-81

Abstract: Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with consequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been the favoured approach for the treatment of choledocholithiasis for a long time; however recently, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) has been offered to patients with choledocholithiasis. Objective and aim of this work is to compare the efficacy, safety, and the outcomes of LCBDE, OCBDEand ERCP followed by LC and evaluate the most suitablemethod for patients with choledocholithiasis. Methods: A prospective clinical study was carried out in 75 patients with cholecysto-choledocholithiasis who were divided into three groups:40 patients who underwent ERCP followed by LC in two stages, 10 patients who underwent LCBDE....

Keywords: Bile duct stones, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

[1]. KO CW, Lee SP, Epidemiology and Natural History of CBD stones and prediction of disease G.I.Endoscopy 56 (Suppl6): S165 – 169 2002
[2]. Clinical G I Endoscopy; Gregory G Ginsberg, Michael L, Kochman, Ian Norton, Christopher J Gostout Chapter 46 Pg 671 – 693
[3]. Havard C, Non – Malignant bile duct obstruction Ann.R.Coll Surg Engl 1990: 26 : 88-93
[4]. Hicken NF, MCCallister AJ. operative Cholangiography as an aid to reduce the incidence of "OVER LOOKED" common bile duct stones; a study of 1,293 choledocholithotomies surg 1964: 55: 953-8
[5]. Sabiston textbook of surgery 16th edition page no 1089
[6]. Rábago LR, Chico I, Collado D, Olivares A, Ortega A, Quintanilla E, et al. Single-stage treatment with intraoperative ERCP: management of patients with possible choledocholithiasis and gallbladder in situ in a non-tertiary Spanish hospital. Surg Endosc. 2012;26:1028-34..

Abstract: We are reporting a case of spontaneous hemothorax in a 24 year old male patient diagnosed with Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME), presented with chest pain and dyspnea and CT chest showed pleural effusion on the left side. Pathological diagnosis was made on biopsy of the excised rib specimen.

Key Words: Hereditary multiple exostoses, Hemothorax, Osteochondroma, Chondrosarcoma

[1]. Schmale GA, Conrad EU, Raskind WH. The natural history of hereditary multiple exostoses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1994;76:986–92.
[2]. Daniels CE, Ryu JH. Improving the safety of thoracentesis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2011;17:232–236.
[3]. Jones PW, Moyers JP, Rogers JT, et al.. Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis: is it a safer method? Chest. 2003;123:418–423.
[4]. 4-Tanteles GA, Nicolaou M, Neocleous V, Shammas C, Loizidou MA, Alexandrou A, Ellina E, Patsia N, Sismani C, Phylactou LA, Christophidou-Anastasiadou V. Genetic screening of EXT1 and EXT2 in Cypriot families with hereditary multiple osteochondromas. J Genet. 2015 Dec;94(4):749-54. doi: 10.1007/s12041-015-0564-3. PMID: 26690531.
[5]. Imai K, Suga Y, Nagatsuka Y, et al. Pneumothorax caused by costal exostosis. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;20:161–4..

Abstract: Background Liver diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in children and include a broad spectrum of infectious, developmental, genetic, metabolic and immunologic disorders that eventually result in hepatic dysfunction and cirrhosis. There is the need to know the epidemiological distribution of liver disease in children in our settings particularly common hepatic disorders in order to institute prompt management and preventive measures......

Key Words: Liver disease, children

[1]. The Liver. In: Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas and Jon C. Aster. (9th Edition) Robbins Basic Pathology: Liver, Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, (2013). 603-637
[2]. Omayma M. Sabir, Ahmad B. Ali and Osama Algemaabi: Pattern of Liver Disease in Sudanese Children. Sudan J M S. 2010; 5(4). 281-287
[3]. Nazim Hazim Kamil and Hussain Al-Hilli. Chronic Liver Disease in infancy and Pre-School Children: Iraq J Gastroenterology. 2002. 2(1). 20-26
[4]. Abou-Taleb A, Ahmed ARH, El-Hennawy A. Pediatric Chronic Liver Diseases: A Clinicopathological Study from a Tertiary Care Center. Int J Pediatr 2019; 7(4): 9305-15
[5]. Gulzar Ahmad Dar, Mohammad Ishaq Malik, Farooq Ahmad Ganie, Kowsar Jan, Tariq Abdullah, Mohd Iqbal Dar and Maqsood Ahmad Dar. Chronic Liver Diseases in Children: Clinical Spectrum and Etiology: British Biomedical Bulletin; 2014.2(2).406-411

Abstract: Background: Ovulation induction is a treatment option for subfertility that can be achieved through medication. In this study, the efficacy of Letrozole and Clomiphene citrate on ovulation induction in women were compared. Materials and Methods: In this prospective randomized study, a total of 62 patients were treated with Letrozole and clomiphene citrate. Out of which, 31(50%) patients are treated with Letrozole and categorized into group A and 31 (50%) patients were treated with clomiphene citrate, categorized into group B. Overall, 173 cycles were studied and followed up in 62 patients [85 cycles in Letrozole patients (group A) and 88 cycles in Clomiphene Citrate patients (group B)]. In both groups, the parameters like age, diagnosis, baseline level hormones and side effects were compared.......

Keywords: Ovulation induction; subfertility; Letrozole; Clomiphene Citrate.

[1]. DC Dutta's - Textbook of Gynaecology (including contraception), 6th edition, ch: 16, Infertility. Pg: 227-258.
[2]. Melodie V.B.; Fertility and infertility: Definition and Epidemiology. Clinical biochemistry.2019.
[3]. Ashraf Direkvand- Moghadam, Ali Delpisheh, A.khosravi.; Epidemiology of female infertility; A review of the literature. Biosci., Biotech. Res. Asia.2013 10(2): 559-567.
[4]. Berek and Novaks Gynaecology, 15th edition: infertility and assisted reproductive technology.pg: 1965-2018.
[5]. Santiago Brugo-Olmedo1, Claudio Chillik, Susana Kopelman CEGYR, Center for Gynecology and Reproduction Studies, Viamonte 1438, Capital Federal (1055), Vol 2. No 1. 41–53 Reproductive BioMedicine Online web paper 2000/027 on web 19/1/01.Review: definition and causes of infertility.pg: 44.

Abstract: Background: One of the most common cause of post operative morbidity and mortality in abdomen surgeries is pulmonary complications.The aim of the study is to analyze the clinical profile, Risk factors, incidence and outcomes of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients submitted to abdominal surgeries and admitted in Andhra medical college. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020 we have conducted a retrospective, observational study of inpatients who underwent elective and emergency surgeries in Andhra medical college, General Surgery Department. We evaluated the perioperative risk factors and associated mortality. Logistic regression was performed to find which perioperative risk factors were most important for the occurrence of PPCs. Results:328 patients who........

Key Word: Abdominal surgery, Acute respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation, Postoperative pulmonary complications

[1]. Smetana GW, Lawrence VA, Cornell JE: Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification for noncardiothoracic surgery: systematic review for the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:581–595
[2]. Kazaure HS, Roman SA, Sosa JA. Association of Postdischarge Complications with Reoperation and Mortality in general surgery. Arch Surg. 2012 Nov;147(11):1000–7
[3]. Mimica Ž, Biočič M, Bačič A, et al: Laparoscopic and laparotomic cholecystectomy: a randomized trial comparing postoperative respiratory function. Respiration 2000;67:153–158
[4]. Patel K, Hadian F, Ali A, Broadley G, Evans K, Horder C, Johnstone M, Langlands F, Matthews J, Narayan P, Rallon P, Roberts C, Shah S, Vohra R. Postoperative pulmonary complications following major elective abdominal surgery: a cohort study. Perioper Med (Lond). 2016;5:10.
[5]. Fernandez-Bustamante A, Frendl G, Sprung J, Kor DJ, Subramaniam B, Martinez Ruiz R, Lee JW, Henderson WG, Moss A, Mehdiratta N, Colwell MM, Bartels K, Kolodzie K, Giquel J, Vidal Melo MF. Postoperative pulmonary complications, early mortality, and hospital stay following noncardiothoracic surgery: a multicenter study by the perioperative research network investigators. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(2):157–66

Abstract: Visualizing the oral cavity has always been a challenging task for the dentists. With the advent of magnification in the field of dentistry, which increases operator efficiency as well as the success rate. Magnification helps the user not only to see more, but to see well. Nevertheless, application of magnification in dentistry has yet to be introduced into the mainstream practice due to various influences in behavioural patterns. By conducting an extensive literature search in the PubMed database, this review paper depicts the present state of magnification devices, their applications within the endodontic practice, factors that influence their usage, the advantages, and shortcomings, as well as the significances of magnification in the field of endodontics. This review paper will serve as guide to clinicians to employ magnification in their practice for improved outcome.

Key Word: Endodontics, lenses, magnification, optics, photonics, visual acuity, visual aids

[1]. Rakesh J Gogiya, Manoj G Chandak, Richa R Modi, Purva Bhutda, Sneha Kela, Rakhi M Chandak. Magnification in dentistry: A review. Int J Appl Dent Sci 2018;4(2):83-85.
[2]. Singla MG, Girdhar D, Tanwar U. Magnification in Endodontics: A review. IP Indian J Conserv Endod. 2018 Jan;3:1-5.
[3]. Nalini Doppalapudi, Ravindra Kumar Burugapalli. Benefits of Utilization of Magnification in Dentistry: A Review. Dental Research and Oral Health 3 (2020): 121-128.
[4]. Mallikarjun SA, Devi PR, Naik AR, Tiwari S. Magnification in dental practice: How useful is it?. Journal of Health Research and Reviews. 2015 May 1;2(2):39.
[5]. Carl Zeiss. Innovations for health. Innovation 2003;13:4-9.

Abstract: Background: To assess how the current COVID-19 epidemic influenced peoples' utilization of emergency dental services at GMERS Medical College, Himatnagar. Gujarat
Methods: The first-visit patients seeking emergency dental services before or at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic were retrieved. Their demographic characteristics and the reasons for visiting were recorded and analyzed.
Results: There were 2283 patients involved in this study. Thirty-eight percent fewer patients visited the dental urgency at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic than before. The distribution of dental problems has changed significantly. The proportion of dental and oral infection raised from 51.0% of pre-COVID-19 to 71.9% during COVID-19, and dental trauma decreased from 14.2% to 10.5%. Meanwhile, the non-urgency cases reduced to three-tenths of pre-COVID-19....

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[5]. Harrel SK, Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infection control implications. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135:429e37.