iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Male infertility has become a serious concern for public health professionals, globally. In developing countries infertility rate is higher than the developed country. Objective: The objectives of the study was to find out the pattern of semen parameters in our population and to find out the frequency and type of Semen profile of patients with infertility. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross sectional analytical study conducted in Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2019 to December 2019. Result: The study was conducted among the 200 infertile male patients. The mean age was 36.14 ± 5 yeras. The highest no of patients104 (52%)......

Key words: Male infertility, Semen parameters, Azoospermia, oligozospermia

[1]. Orbiclinic, 2011. Infertility in men is increasing. San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
[2]. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, et al. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103:137–49Eyvazzaoeh AD. Male subfertility. In:Levobic DI, Gordon JD, Taylor RN, editors. Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
[3]. Okonofua, F.E., D. Harris, A. Odebiyi, T. Kane and R.C. Snow, 199°. The social meaning of infertility in Southwest Nigeria. Health Transit. Rev., : 205-220. Oladepo, O. and W.R. Brieger, 2000. Sexual attitudes and behaviors of male secondary school students in rural and urban areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. Afr. J. Reprod. Health, 4: 21 -34.
[4]. Upton, R.L., 2002. Perceptions of and attitudes towards male infertility in northern Botswana: some implications for family plannirig and AID S prevention policies. Afr. J. Reprod. Health, 6: I 03-111 .
[5]. Levine, R. J. (1999). Seasonal variation of semen quality and fertility.Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 25, 34–37.

Abstract: Castleman's disease was first described in 1956 by Benjamin Castleman. It is characterized by being a lymph node disease and can be classified anatomically as localized (unicentric) or disseminated (multicentric). In addition to this division, it can be classified histologically into three subtypes: hyaline-vascular, plasmacytic and mixed. The main clinical manifestations in unicentric disease are derived from local compressions by ganglionic growth, while in multicentric disease there is an increase in systemic symptoms, derived from the action of inflammatory cytokines, mainly interleukin-6. After the discovery of HIV and the HHV-8 virus, there was an important relationship between the patient's serological status and the appearance of lesions and a great influence on the prognosis of patients with Castleman's disease. The diagnostic approach currently used is based on performing a biopsy of the affected lymph node, associated with the collection of the patient's
serology. Another auxiliary.....

Keywords- Castleman's Disease, Angiofollicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia, HHV-8, HIV

[1]. Oliveira Cássio V. C., Gonçalves Cezar E. F., Almeida Virgínia F. S., Oliveira Alexandre M. P., Pimenta Flávia C. F. Doença de
Castleman localizada abdominal. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, 2005 Jun. 27(2):133-137.
[2]. Pinheiro Valéria Góes Ferreira, Fernandes GeórgeaHermógenes, Cezar Lia Cavalcante, Alves Newton de Albuquerque, Menezes
Dalgimar Beserra de. Doença de Castleman associada a derrame pleural. Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 2008 Aug. 34(8): 626-
630
[3]. Mendonça Catarina, Rios Elena, Reis Carlos, Santos Alfredo, Silva Pastor Santos. Doença de Castleman– a propósito de um caso
clínico. Medicina Interna, 2008. Vol. 15: Nº 4, pág. 249-253.
[4]. Yamashita Thamy, Mattos Amilcar Castro de, Ferreira Maria Cristina Furian, Alvarenga Marcelo. Doença de Castleman:
hiperplasia com aspectos de neoplasia. Revista de Ciências Médicas, 2006 Mar-Abr. 15(2): 173-177.
[5]. Forteski Denise de Fatima, Machado Netto Fernanda Calil, Lomonte Andrea Barranjard Vannucci, Anjos Bruno César Cavalcanti
dos, Zerbini Maria Claudia Nogueira, Zerbini Cristiano Augusto de Freitas. Doença de Castlemanmulticêntrica não associada aos
vírus HHV-8 e HIV. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2014 Aug. 54(4):326-329.

Abstract: Background: Root caries is an increasing clinical problem especially in the dentate elderly population. There is clear consensus that root caries is a growing concern in oral health. Hence, there is a need to have a baseline data for understanding problem of root caries and factors which affect its prevalence. Aims: a)To assess the prevalence of root surface caries in adults attending a tertiary health hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. b) To assess the relationship of dental health practices to root surface caries. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 520 adults, aged 20yrs and above. 270 (51.9%) were males and 250(48.1%) were females. Structured questionnaires were administered and examination for root surface caries was done by visual-tactile method according to Banting's diagnostic convention and oral hygiene status was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index.Data was collated and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi square test.....

Keywords- Prevalence, Root caries, Oral hygiene, Enugu

[1]. Griffin SO, Griffin PM, Swann JL, Zlobin N. Estimating rates of new root caries in older adults. J Dent Res. 2004; 83:634-38
[2]. Walls A. Aging-a call to arms! J Dent Res. 2017;96:721–722
[3]. Shay K. Root caries in the older patients: significance, prevention and trewatment. Dent clin North Am. 1997;41:763-794.
[4]. Amaechi BT, Phillips TS, Evans V, Ugwokaegbe CP, Luong MN, Okoye LO, Meyer F, Enax J. The Potential of Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste to Prevent Root Caries: A pH-Cycling Study. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry 2021;13: 315-324
[5]. Fure S. Ten-year cross-sectional and incidence study of coronal and root caries and some related factors in elderly Swedish individuals. Gerodontology. 2004; 21(3):130–140.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE- Outcome and prognosis in rhinocerebralmucormycosis depends on many variables, one of them is gentian violet application in alkaline nasal douching. Objective of this study is to know the role of gentian violet application in alkaline nasal douching in post operated case of mucormycosis. METHOD- At Sir T Hospital and Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, we conducted study of 100 patientswith post-COVID 19rhinocerebralmucormycosis. Patients were divided into two groups for this study. All patients were given alkaline nasal douching post operatively 3 times a day for 2 months. One group was given gentian violet application along with alkaline nasal douching, whereas in another group only alkaline nasal douching was given. RESULT- With Gentian violet application in alkaline nasal douching, there is less nasal crust formation, patient feels symptomatically better early, less recurrence rate, less mortality ratenand less hospital stay......

Keywords- Gentian violet, nasal douching, mucormycosis

[1]. Maley AM, Arbiser JL. Gentian violet: a 19th century drug re-emerges in the 21st century. ExpDermatol. 2013;22(12):775-780.
[2]. Prabhu V, Pandey A, Ingrams D. Comparing the efficacy of Alkaline nasal douches versus Decongestant nasal drops in postoperative care after septal surgery: A randomised single blinded clinical pilot study. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Apr; 63(2):159-164. [3]. Singh Y, Ganesh V, Kumar S, et al. (July 03, 2021) Coronavirus Disease-Associated Mucormycosis from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: A Case Series. Cureus 13(7): e16152. [4]. Mohammadi R, Nazeri M, Sayedayn SM, Ehteram H. A successful treatment of rhinocerebralmucormycosis due to Rhizopusoryzae. J Res Med Sci. 2014;19(1):72-74.
[5]. Prabha N, Arora RD, Ganguly S, Chhabra N. Gentian violet: Revisited. Indian J DermatolVenereolLeprol2020;86:600-603.

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease and one of the leading causes of mortality in India. After 13 years of the launch of RNTCP which claims 100 per cent coverage of population become questionable with rising numbers of MDR and XDR TB with higher default rate. One month extended intensive phase (prolongation pouch) as a solution is not optimized as per need. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find risk factors and outcome of patients who receiving prolongation pouch. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study is conducted with secondary data from TB treatment card of patients of Gandhinagar district of Gujarat. A list of the patients obtained as per TB treatment register of STS was collected from respective TUs......

Keywords- Outcome, Prolongation, Smear result, Tuberculosis, Weight

[1]. Mukherjee A, Sarkar A, Saha I, Biswas B, Bhattacharyya PS. Outcomes of different subgroups of smear-positive retreatment patients under RNTCP in rural West Bengal, India.Rural and Remote Health (Internet);9: 926. [2]. World Health Organization. ( 2015) . Global tuberculosis report 2015, 20th ed. World Health Organization. Available from:https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/191102. [Accessed on 1st October 2020]. [3]. Rajpal S, Dhingra VK, Aggarwal JK. Sputum grading as predictor of treatment outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis. Indian Journal of Tuberculosis. 2002;49(3):139-42.
[4]. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare-Government of India. "TB report 2016, Central TB Division, India, 2016".Available from: https://tbcindia.gov.in/index1.php?lang=1. [Accessed on 1st November 2020]. [5]. Gopi PG, Chandrasekaran V, Subramani R, Santha T, Thomas A, Selvakumar N, Narayanan PR. Association of conversion & cure with initial smear grading among new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated with Category I regimen. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2006;123(Jun):807-14.

Abstract: Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension is most often diagnosed in its advanced stages because of the nonspecific nature of early symptoms and signs. Although clinical assessment is essential when evaluating patientswith suspected pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aimed to assess and evaluate pulmonary artery hypertension in a Sudanese using echocardiogram. Materials and Methods: The methodology based on echocardiogram images for a sample size of three hundred participants 157 males(52.3%), 143 females(47.7%), with age range 20 to 69yearsold their weight between 20- 100 Kg, they were investigated by Easote MY LAB 50 echocardiography ultrasound machine applying the ideal positions for adult echocardiogram. Results: this study demonstrated that right ventricle (RV) dimension in age group(40-50 years),included 107 participants between 2-2.5 cm with significant correlation P-value 0.007, the tricuspid regurgitation maximum (TRmax ) reported mild were 83.3% of patients, moderate.....

Keywords- PulmonaryArtery hypertension; Echocardiogram; Tricuspid regurgitation;the right ventricle; pulmonary artery systolic pressure.

[1]. McLaughlin VV, Archer SL, Badesch DB, Barst RJ, Farber HW, Lindner JR, et al., American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents American Thoracic Society, Inc; and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. J Am CollCardiol 2009;53:1573-619.
[2]. Gali_e N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, Torbicki A, Vachiery JL, Barbera JA, et al., ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J 2009;30:2493-537.
[3]. Galie N, Humbert M, Vachiery JL, Gibbs S, Lang I, Torbicki A, Simonneau G, Peacock A, VonkNoordegraaf A, Beghetti M, et al. 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: European Heart Journal 2016 37 67–119. (https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv317)
[4]. Roberts JD, Forfia PR. Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary vascular disease by Doppler echocardiography. PulmCirc 2011; 1: 160–181.

Abstract: The window of opportunity in treating a visually impaired infant is narrow and hence we pediatricians, general practitioners and midwives should be educated and encouraged to perform the red reflex test using direct ophthalmoscope. All health care personnel working for the care of the infant should be sensitized to the eye conditions in infancy and on the causes of childhood blindness and visual impairment. Here we present two case reports of blindness detected in the early infancy1. Case 1 is a 3-month-old infant upon a regular follow up was noticed to have unattained visual fixation. Ophthalmic evaluation revealed poor perception of light and projection of rays. Baby had poor response in bilateral occipital regions on doing.....

Keywords- Cortical visual impairment, Inborn metabolic disorders, GM2 gangliosidosis

[1]. Gogate P, Gilbert C, Zin A. Severe visual impairment and blindness in infants: Causes and opportunities for control. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2011; 18:109-14.
[2]. Gogate P, Deshpande M, Sudrik S, Kishore H, Taras S, Deshpande M. changing pattern of childhood blindess in Maharashtra, India. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:8-12.
[3]. Bodeau-Livinec F, Surman G, Kaminski M, et al. Recent trends in visual impairment and blindness in the UK. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2007; 92:1099-1104.
[4]. Good WV, Jan JE, DeSa L, et al. Cortical Visual Impairment in Children. SurvOphthalmol. 1994; 38(4):351-64

Abstract: Endodontic treatment aims to remove the affected tissues and bacteria from the root canal space, protect the tooth from recontamination and restore function. Contemporary endodontic practice determines the possibilities for most clinical situations to be resolved in one visit. In some cases, a multi-visit approach is required and the reasons for this may be related to the peculiarities of the root canal anatomy, as well as to the specifics of the pathological process and the treatment plan. Temporary restoration of the endodontic cavity between visits plays a key role in the prognosis of the treated tooth. Complications that can occur during this period are many and are most often associated with recontamination.....

Keywords- endodontics, endodontic therapy, endodontic access, temporary obturation, restorative material

[1]. Castellucci A. A Brief History of Endodontics Endodontics Vol. 1 2 – 5. [2]. Setzer FC , Kim S. Comparison of long-term survival of implants and endodontically treated teeth. J Dent Res. 2014 Jan; 93(1):19-26. [3]. Abbott PV. Factors associated with continuing pain in endodontics. Aust Dent J. 1994 Jun;39(3):157-61.
[4]. Fraser CJ. A study of the efficiency of dental fillings. J Dent Res. 1929 Aug;9(4):507-17. [5]. Wong AW, Zhang S, Li SK, Zhu X, Zhang C, Chu CH. Incidence of post-obturation pain after single-visit versus multiple-visit non-surgical endodontic treatments. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Aug;14:15-96.

Abstract: Healthcare professionals play an important role in public health services. As such in the present day scenario the medical education system does not prepare the post graduate students to undertake their supervisory and managerial responsibilities from the first day of entering the medical college as a resident.....

Keywords- Agree;Curriculum; Educations; Sessions.

[1]. (https://www.nmc.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/MD-Forensic-Medicine.pdf [2]. https://www.nmc.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/MD-Community-Medicine.pdf
[3]. Rakesh Mittal, Rajiv Mahajan, Niti Mittal. Foundation programme: A student‟s perspective. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2013 Jan Jun; 3(1): 52-4)
[4]. Orientation Programme: A student's perspective Gayatri Bora, PrathibhaKeshavamurthy, Madhav Savkar ) [5]. Singh S, Ghosh S, Pandya H. Foundation programme for MBBS students at entry level: Experience at an Indian medical school. South East Asian J Med Edu 2007;1:33-7. [6]. Goel A, Venkat R, Kumar A, Adkoli BV, Sood R. Structured internship orientation programme for undergraduate students: Easy transition to clinical work. Natl Med J India 2010;23:160-2

Abstract: Background: Starting university studies for some students can be a positive and enjoyable experience; however, for others, it can be a stressful and challengin gexperience, since the start of this stage produces a series of behavioral changes in the student's life style. Several studies indicate that university students develop academic stress that can trigger anxiety and depressive symptomatology. In this regard, it has been reported that a high percentage of bachelor students (11-50 %) develop depressive episodes during the studies. Methods: A descriptive and longitudinal study of new students from three academic programs (medicine, rehabilitation, and nutrition) of the Autonomous University of Yucatán, Mexico, was carried out during 2019-2021. For this, 272 medicine, 171 rehabilitation, and 85 nutrition students were taken into account. In addition, the Beck Depression Inventory was used to determine the prevalence of depression, and to measure anxiety levels, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale was applied to the students.......

Keywords- Anxiety, Depression, Prevalence, Students, Mental Health

[1]. Griggs, S. (2017). Hope and mental health in young adult college students: an integrative review. J. PsychosocNurs Mental Health Serv. 2017; 55(2), 28-35.
[2]. Pérez-Padilla Elsy Arlene, Cervantes-Ramírez Víctor Manuel, Hijuelos-García Nayeli Alejandra, Pineda-Cortés Juan Carlos, Salgado-Burgos Humberto. Prevalencia, causas y tratamiento de la depresión Mayor. Rev. Biomédica. 2017; 28( 2 ): 73-98.
[3]. Word Health Organization [WHO]. Depression and other mental common disorders. Global health estimates. 2017. Retrieved from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/254610/WHO-MSD-MER-2017.2-eng.pdf.
[4]. Ho,W. K., Bressington, D., Karatzias, T., Chien, W. T., Inoue, S. et al. Patterns of exposure to adverse childhood experiences and their associations with mental health: a survey of 1346 university students in East Asia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2019. Doi: 10.1007/s00127-019-01768-w.
[5]. Mao, Y., Zhang, N., Liu, J., Zhu, B., He, R. and Wang, X. A systematic review of depression and anxiety in medical students in China. BMC Med Educ., 2019; 19(1: 327. Doi: 10.1186/s12909-019-1744-2.