iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2021

Abstract: Introduction: Helicobacter pylori, a spiral shaped pathogenic bacterium found in the human gastric mucosa, It was first isolated by Warren and Marshall in 1982(1) and soon after was linked with chronic antral gastritis and peptic ulceration.(2) The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is variable in different parts of the world. It is more common in developing nations. Detection of H. pylori infection is done by different modalities. None of the testing methods are considered gold standard. The yield is higher if more than one modality is used......

Key words: Helicobacter Pylori, Immunoglobulin

[1]. Warren JR, Marshall B. "Unidentified curved bacilli on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis". Lancet 1983;321:1273-5
[2]. Marshall BJ, Warren JR. "Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration". Lancet 1984;1:1311-15
[3]. Goodwin CS, Armstrong JA et al. "Transfer of campylobacter pylori and campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen.nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb.nov and Helicobacter mustelaecomb.nov , respectively". Int J SystBacteriol 1989;39:397-405
[4]. Logan RPH, Walker MM. "Epidemiology and diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection". BMJ 2001;323:920-922
[5]. BardhanPK."Epidemiological features of Helicobacter pylori infection in developing countries". Clin.Infect Dis Off Publ 1997;25:973-8

Abstract: Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) is described as a condition in which there is diminished space available for the neural and vascular elements present in the lumbar spine which results in compression of nerve roots. Objective: To determine the electrodiagnostic parameters of peroneal nerve in relation to severity of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 51 patients of confirmed lumbar spinal stenosis at Geetanjali Medical College & Hospital, Udaipur. Nerve conduction study was conducted on peroneal nerve among all above mentioned patients.....

Keywords- Lumbar spinal canal stenosis, nerve conduction study, peroneal nerve.

[1]. Kreiner D.S, Summers J et al. North American Spine Society Clinical Guidelines for Multidisciplinary Spine Care: Diagnosis and Treatment of Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: 2011: 8 -10.
[2]. Do KH, Kim T.H. Chang MC. Effects of interlaminar epidural steroid injection in patients with moderate to severe lumbar central spinal stenosis: a prospective study. Ann Palliat Med. 2020 Mar;9(2):163-68.
[3]. Truumees E. Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Spine. Fifth ed.Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2018:286-99.
[4]. Chiodo A, Haig AJ, Yamakawa KS, Quint D, Tong H, Choksi VR. Magnetic resonance imaging vs. electrodiagnostic root compromise in lumbar spinal stenosis: a masked controlled study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Oct;87(10):789-97.
[5]. Genevay, S.; Atlas, S.J. Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 2010: 24: 253–65.

Abstract: Introduction:- India is one of the most affected countries in the world with COPD and contributes significantly to the mortality and morbidity of the disease. CVD is the most prevalent cause of co-morbidities and the second most common cause of mortality, next to respiratory failure. Pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) is the principle cardiovascular complication encountered in COPD. Objectives:- 1) To study the prevalence of cardiovascular involvement in COPD patients. 2) To study the relation between severity of PHTN and culprit-factors, if exists......

Keywords- COPD, Echo-cardiography, PHTN, Cor-Pulmonale.

[1]. World Health Report. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/statistics.htm;2000.
[2]. Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C,Mathers CD,Hansell AL Held LS et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Current burden and future projections. Eur. Respir. J 2006; 27: 397-432.
[3]. Global Initiative For Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease- Global Strategy For The diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Revised 2011. http://www.goldcopd.com.
[4]. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. A review of population studies from India to estimate national burden of COPD and its association with smoking. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci2001;43:139–47.

Abstract: Background: Bone tumors are relatively uncommon and poses difficulty byclinicoradiological diagnosis alone, when added by histopathology makes the diagnosis towards accuracy. Aims and objective: Assessment of the histopathological features of bone lesions and to correlate the bony lesions with age, sex and site of presentation. Materials and methods: AtNalanda Medical College, Patna, total of 64 scraped,incisional, and excisional biopsy specimen which were clinicoradiologically diagnosed as bone lesion were taken for study over a period of one year from august 2018 to July 2019......

[1]. Dorfman HD, Czerniak B. Bone Cancers. Cancer. 1995; 75:203-10
[2]. D Charles M, Nicholas AA. Guidelines for histopathological specimen examination and diagnostic reporting of primary bone tumours. Clin Sarcoma Res 2011; 1:6.
[3]. Negash BE, Admasie D, Wamisho BL, Tinsay MW. Bone tumours at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia: Agreement between radiological and histopathological diagnoses, a-5-year analysis at Black-Lion Teaching Hospital. Int J Medicine and Medical Science 2009; 1:119-25.
[4]. Rosai and Ackerman's. Bone and joints. In: Juon Rosai, editor. Surgical pathology, 10th Ed. New Delhi: Elsevier; 2012: 2013-2104.
[5]. Cope JU. A viral etiology for Ewing's sarcoma. Med Hypotheses 2000; 55:369‑372.

Abstract: Background: In female reproductive life there are structural, functional and hormonal changes which occurs repetitively responsible for the menstrual cycle. However, numerous factors like hormonal fluctuations, clinical conditions, body mass index (BMI), genetics etc. plays an important role in governing the normal physiology of menstrual cycle 2 Methods: Study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, TMMC and RC over a period of 1 year. A group of 40 females between the age group of 18–25 years having normal menstrual cycle were selected. Anthropometric parameters were measured in different phases of menstrual cycle among the study group. Comparison between the mean of Anthropometric parameters in different phases of menstrual cycle were done using Friedman's.....

Keywords: Anthropometric correlates, Menstrual cycle

[1]. Indu khurana, Textbook of medical physiology, Elsevier, second edition, 851.
[2]. Fujiwara T., & Nakata R. (2007):Young Japanese College Students with Dysmenorrhea Have High Frequency of Irregular Menstruation and Premenstrual Symptoms, The Open Medical Informatics Journal, , 1, 8-11
[3]. Lawrence M. Nelson MD. Menstruation and menstrual cycle fact sheet. Womenshealth.gov.2009[cited2013January12];Availablefrom:http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/factsheet/menstruation.html.
[4]. Goldman MB, Hatch MC, editors. Menstruation and menstrual disorders. Women & Health. California,USA: Acad. Press. 2004. p. 99−113.
[5]. Harlow SD, Campbell OMR. Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in developing countries : a systematic review. BJOG. 2004;111(1):6−16.

Abstract: The frequency of post-intubation and post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis is 10 and 19%, only 1% of them have a functional impact [1]. Among these are stenosing granulomas which are fleshy buds protruding into the tracheal lumen. Granuloma can present with respiratory distress several weeks to months after intubation or tracheostomy [5-6]. They are often supraostial, created by irritation of the tracheostomy tube. The appearance of clinical signs will depend on the gas flow in the airways and the degree of obstruction. Reporting the case of a patient who was in COVID intensive care unit and presented with subostial granuloma complicated by bilateral pneumothorax.

Keywords:Granuloma, bilateral pneumothorax

[1]. Brichet A, Verkindre C, Ramon P, Marquette CH. [Post-intubation trachealstenosis]. Rev Mal Respir. 1999;16(4 Pt 2):685-92.
[2]. Esteller-Moré E, Ibañez J, Matiñó E, Ademà JM, Nolla M, Quer IM. Prognostic factors in laryngotracheal injury following intubation and/or tracheotomy in ICU patients. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Off J Eur Fed Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Soc EUFOS Affil Ger Soc Oto-Rhino-Laryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2005;262(11):880-3.
[3]. Kpemissi E, Sossou K, Medji LA. [Tracheotomy: review of five years at the University Hospital of Lome, Togo]. Rev Mal Respir. 1996;13(2):163-7.
[4]. Law JH, Barnhart K, Rowlett W, de la Rocha O, Lowenberg S. Increased frequency of obstructive airway abnormalities with long-term tracheostomy. Chest. 1993;104(1):136-8.
[5]. Bisson A, Bonnette P, Ben El Kadi N, Leroy M, Colchen A, Personne C, et al. Tracheal sleeve resection for iatrogenic stenoses (subglottic laryngeal and tracheal). J ThoracCardiovascSurg 1992 ; 104 : 882-7..

Abstract: Background: Ampullary and periampullary carcinomas may arise from two different types of mucosa, which thus reflect the broad histomorphological spectrum of these tumours. Since there are three different types of epithelia in these areas (pancreatic, biliary and intestinal), carcinomas originating from this area are classified as having intestinal or pancreaticobiliary type of differentiation Pancreatobiliary type has consistently shown a worse prognosis. Various types of mucins are distributed in normal tissues and gastrointestinal tumours. MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC are known to be the most important amongst all. Materials and Methods:......

Key Word: MUC1, MUC2, Immunohistochemistry, Pancreaticobiliary

[1]. Zhou H, Schaefer N, Wolff M, Fischer HP. Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: comparative histologic/immunohistochemical classification and follow-up. Am J SurgPathol. 2004;28:875-82.
[2]. Albores-Saavedra J, Murakata L, Krueger JE, Henson DE (2000) Noninvasive and minimally invasive papillary carcinomas of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Cancer 89:508–515
[3]. Schueneman A, Goggins M, Ensor J, Saka B, Neishaboori N, Lee S, Maitra A, Varadhachary G, Rezaee N, Wolfgang C, Adsay V, Wang H, Overman MJ. Validation of histomolecular classification utilizing histological subtype, MUC1, and CDX2 for prognostication of resected ampullary adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2015; 113: 6468
[4]. Maithili M, Siddhi G, Avnash R, Aniket K, Lokesh F, Ketan N. Clinicopathological study of carcinoma of ampulla of vater with special reference to MUC1, MUC2 and MUC5AC expression.J of clinical and diagnostic research.2017;11(5):EC17-EC20
[5]. Kimura W, Futakawa N, Yamagata S, Wada Y, Kuroda A, Muto T, Esaki Y. Different clinicopathologic findings in two histologic types of carcinoma of papilla of Vater. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994; 85: 16116.

Abstract: SLE is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder.It can affect multiple organ systems.Intestinal pseudoobstruction(IPO) is a severe manifestation of sle but it is very rare as an initial manifestation in a previuosly undiagnosed case. It may represent a diagnostic challenge.a prompt diagnosis utmost important to avoid unnecessary surgical intervention in intestinal pseudoobstruction but also IPO respond well to the timely initiation of corticosteroids and can ensure a better prognosis.the median time from onset of ipo to diagnosis was 1.8 months and misdiagnosis occurs in 54.1% patients..

[1]. Petri M, Orbai AM, Alarcon GS, et al Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 2012; 64:2677–2686.
[2]. Kansal A, Jain A, Thenozhi S, Agarwal V. Intestinal pseudo-obstruction associated with biliary tract dilatation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22:87–91.
[3]. Sun X, Wang T, Cai D, Hu Z, Chen J, Liao H, et al. Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020;53:38–42.
[4]. Gartshteyn Y, Askanase AD, Schmidt NM, Bernstein EJ, Khalili L, Drolet R, et al. COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus: a case series. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(8):e452–e454.
[5]. Gao Z-W, Wang X, Lin F, Dong K. The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and rheumatic disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(7):102557..

Abstract: Background: Hypertension is a significant public health problem worldwide. It generates a large number of cardiovascular, neurological, renal, and ophthalmological complications. Target organ damage resulting from hypertension includes those affecting the brain, heart, kidneys, and eyes. Several cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurological symptoms were associated with patients in a hypertensive emergency with target organ involvement. It should be extensively evaluated in a patient who presents with any of these symptoms and elevated blood pressure to exclude a hypertensive emergency. Objectives: To determine End Organ changes and Feto-Maternal outcome in women with hypertension disorders in pregnancy..

Key Words: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, maternal outcome, End organ changes

[1]. Sadhukhan SK, Khan S. Blood pressure awareness among general population: a rural West Bengal experience with logistic regression. Natl J Med Res. 2012;2(1):55-8.
[2]. Ronsmans C, Graham WJ, Lancet Maternal Survival Series steering group. Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why. The lancet. 2006 Sep 30;368(9542):1189-200.
[3]. Spong CY, Mercer BM, D'Alton M, Kilpatrick S, Blackwell S, Saade G. Timing of indicated late-preterm and early-term birth. Obstetrics and gynecology. 2011 Aug;118(2 Pt 1):323.
[4]. Schiff E, Friedman SA, Mercer BM, Sibai BM. Fetal lung maturity is not accelerated in preeclamptic pregnancies. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 1993 Nov 1;169(5):1096-101.
[5]. Cudihy D, Lee RV. The pathophysiology of Pre-eclampsia: current clinical concepts. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2009 Jan 1;29(7):576-82

Abstract: Background: The cervical spine has tendency to high degree of traumatic, degenerative and neoplastic diseases, so it requires frequent surgical intervention. The detailed knowledge of morphometricstudy of vertebral elements is important for development of instrumentation related to cervical spine. Variation in vertebral dimension among different races have been noted. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the morphometric feature of vertebral elements of typical cervical vertebrae......

[1]. Bazaldua CJJ, Gonzalez LA, Gomez SA, Villarreal SA, Velazquez GSE, Sanchez [3] UA, et al. Morphometric study of cervical vertebrae C3-C7 in a population from Northeastern mexico. Int J Morphol. 2011;29(2):325-30
[2]. Kayalioglu, G.; Erturk, M.; Varol, T. &Cezayirli, E. Morphometry of the cervical vertebral pedicles as a guide for transpedicular screw fixation. Neurol. Med. Chir., 47:102-8, 2007.
[3]. Yusof, M. I.; Ming, L. K. & Abdullah, M. S. Computed tomographic measurement of cervical pedicles for transpedicular fixation in a Malay population. J. Orthop. Surg., 15(2):187-90, 2007.
[4]. Sieradzki, J. P.; Karaikovic, E. E.; Lautenschlager, E. P. & Lazarus, M. L. Preoperative Imaging of cervical pedicles: comparison of accuracy of oblique radiographs versus axial CT scans. Eur. Spine J., 17:1230-6, 2008.
[5]. Abuzayed, B.; Tutunculer, B.; Kucukyuruk, B. &Tuzgen, S. Anatomic basis of anterior and posterior instrumentation of the spine: morphometric study. Surg. Radiol. Anat., 32:75-85, 2010.

Abstract: Peritonitis due to perforation of the gastrointestinal tract is the most common surgical emergency all over the world. Although, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract by ingested foreign bodies is few, accounting for <1% of cases. Here, we report a case of accidentalfinding of toothbrush found in the peritoneal cavity with perforation of sigmoid colon found on exploratory laparotomy which was taken up as a case of perforation peritonitis.

[1]. Velitchkov NG, Grigorov GI, Losanoff JE and Kjossev KT. Ingested foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract: retrospective analysis of 542 cases. World J Surg 1996; 20: 1001-1005.
[2]. Li ZS, Sun ZX, Zou DW, Xu GM, Wu RP, Liao Z. Endoscopic management of foreign bodies in the upper-GI tract: Experience with 1,088 cases in China. GastrointestEndosc. 2006;64:485–92.
[3]. Bastos I, Gomes D, Cotrim I, Gouveia H, Donato A, de Freitas D. An unusual endoscopic procedure to remove a toothbrush from the stomach. Endoscopy. 1996;28:5250.
[4]. Faust J, Schreiner O. A swallowed toothbrush. Lancet. 2001;357:10
[5]. Kim IH, Kim HC, Koh KH, Kim SH, Kim SW, Lee SO, et al. Journey of a swallowed toothbrush to the colon. Korean J Intern Med. 2007;22:106–8

Abstract: The self assembling peptide matrix showed a promising results in the regenerative dentistry including biometric remineralisation of initial carious lesions. This peptide forms a 3D Matrix within demineralized carious lesions , which enables nano hydroxyappetite crystal formation facilitating and serving as a scaffold for the regeneration of lost enamel structure. It is clinically available as Curodont repair and it has a chemical structure Ace-Gln-Gln-Arg-Phe-Glu-Trp-Glu-Phe-Glu-Gln-Gln-NH2. It is synthetic and manufactured under cGMP which does not have any animal or plant products. It does not show any cytotoxic effects or any immunological response. The peptide exists as unimers......

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Abstract: Introduction: Use of various adjuvants to spinal anesthesia is a well-known modality to provide intra-operative and post-operative analgesia. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy of buprenorphine and magnesium sulphate when used as an additive to intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Materials and Methods: 135 patients of the American Society of Anaesthesiologist's physical status grade I or II, scheduled for lower abdominal surgery under spinal anaesthesia, were randomly allocated into three groups. Group B received 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 60mcg(0.2ml) of buprenorphine added to 0.3cc of normal saline, Group M received 3 mL of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 75mg (0.15ml) magnesium sulfate 50% added to 0.35cc normal saline and Group C received 3.....

Key Words: Bupivacaine, Buprenorphine, Magnesium sulfate (sulphate), spinal anaesthesia

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