iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2021

Abstract: Background: Head injury is the commonest phenomenon on road resulting from high velocity automobiles and these injuries account for about one fourth of all deaths due to violence and are responsible for 70% of fatal road accidents. The application of computed tomography to the early diagnosis of head injured patient offered great promise. So this study is aimed to compare the CT (Head) scan with autopsy findings in head injury cases. Material & Methods: Post-mortem examination was conducted in 50 fatal cases of head trauma, which were admitted and died while on treatment in the department of surgery at A.N.M.M.C.H GAYA. Results: In the present study CT scan and autopsy would detect skull fractures 44%, intracranial hemorrhages 76% and brain lesions 95% of cases. Conclusion: This study showed that.....

Keywords: Autopsy; C T scan; Head injury

[1]. Murari A, Sharma R. Comparative Evaluation of C T scan findings and Post mortem findings in head injuries. IJFMT 2006; 4(2): 1-3.
[2]. Goyal M, Kocher S, and Goel M R. The Correla tion of CT scan (Head) vis-à-vis Operative as well as Postmortem Findings in Cases of Head Trauma (A Prospective Study). JKAMLS 2003; 12(1): 16- 20.
[3]. Sutton D. A Textbook of Radiology and Imaging. 5th ed. Churchill living stone: Edinburgh, 1992: 1537-1550.
[4]. Akang E E U, Kuti M A O and Osunkoya. Pattern of Fatal Head Injuries in Ibadan – A 10 years review. Med. Sci. Law 2002; 42(2): 160-166.
[5]. Federle M P, Zawadzki M B. Computed Tomog raphy in the Evaluation of Trauma. 1st ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982:1-2

Abstract: Introduction: Infant massage has been a traditional practice in India [1]. But, this has also been a less studied area as well [1]. In addition to that, various emollients has been used for infant massage traditionally. While many of them are beneficial for the neonatal or infantile skin, some have been proved to be detrimental for the same. Methods: The study was conducted among infants and neonates attending the follow-up clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital. A semi-structured pre-tested interview schedule was developed. The clearance from the institutional ethics committee.....

Keywords: emollient use, infant massage, Mustard oil, preterm

[1]. Chaturvedi, S., Randive, B., Pathak, A. et al. Prevalence and perceptions of infant massage in India: study from Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states. BMC Pediatr 20, 512 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-02416-y [2]. Salam, R.A., Das, J.K., Darmstadt, G.L. et al. Emollient therapy for preterm newborn infants – evidence from the developing world. BMC Public Health 13, S31 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S31
[3]. Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Lachmann N, et al. Infant epidermal skin physiology: Adaptation after birth. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:483-90.
[4]. Walters RM, Khanna P, Melissa Chu, Mack MC. Developmental changes in skin barrier and structure during the first 5 Years of Life. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2016; 29:111-18.
[5]. Madhu R, Chandran VA, Anandan V, Nedunchelian K, Thangavelu S, Soans ST et. al. Indian Academy of pediatrics Guidelines for Pediatrics Skin Care. Indian Pediatr. 2021; 58:153-161.

Abstract: Background: Retroperitoneum is a substantial space with ill defined boundaries. Retroperitoneal abscess is a condition with uncommon etiological factors like retrocaecal appendicitis, psoas abscess, contained duodenal ulcer perforation, pyelonephritis and iatrogenic causes.1 The presenting symptoms and signs of retroperitoneal abscess are vague and non specific and thus a careful history taking, abdomen examination and imaging studies are all essential to arrive at the diagnosis. Since the morbidity and mortality rates of this condition are high, early attention to patients presenting with non specific abdomen pain and distension, appropriate management with antibiotics, surgical/ non....

Keywords: Retroperitoneal abscess, Penumoperitoneum, E.Coli, Acute abdomen

[1]. Schwartz textbook of surgery Pneumomediastinum, pneumoperitoneum, and pneumoretroperitoneum caused by Escherichia coli retroperitoneal abscess in a diabetic patient- Che-Yu Su Chun-Hsien Chen Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
[2]. Successful Medical Management of a Retroperitoneal Abscess: A Difficult Diagnosis in Pyrexia of Unknown Origin - U. G. H. Ishan,1 M. C. K. Thilakasiri,1 P. N. Weeratunga,1,2 and R. D. Lanerolle1,2
[3]. 1University Medical Unit, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka 2Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
[4]. Saxena D, Aggarwal L, Tudu SK, Thomas S. Emphysematous pyelonephritis-a rare surgical emergency presenting to the physician: A case report and literature review. Indian J Surg. 2013;75:272–274
[5]. https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Retroperitoneal_abscess

Abstract: Both diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis due to Hepatitis C infection are epidemiologically extremely important worldwide. But what is more intimidating is the incidence of Diabetes in patients suffering from Hepatitis C. This review aims to look at the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, laboratory findings and clinical management of diabetes occurring in individuals suffering from Hepatitis C. The mechanism of development of insulin resistance in Hepatitis C (HCV) infected individuals have several theories. In this write-up, HCV have been dealt with separately in details. In case of HCV, the mechanism of development of insulin resistance is predominantly immunological. Other mechanisms include increase in oxidative stress, beta cell dysfunction, iron overload and many others. The treatment of diabetics in the setting of HCV and are essentially antiviral regimens alongwith treatment and monitoring of Diabetes mellitus. Considering the colossal statistical figures of prevalence of diabetes and hepatitis, prevention of HCV and transmission is of utmost importance. This comprehensive review aims to look at incidence and pathogenesis of diabetes in HCV infected patients alongwith the effect of the antiviral regime on glucose metabolism..

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017.http://www.diabetesatlas.org
[2]. World Health Organization. Global hepatitis report.2017.
[3]. Perz JF, Armstrong GL, Farrington LA, Hutin Y, Bell B. The contributions of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infections to cirrhosis and primary liver cancer worldwide. J Hepatol 2006; 45:529–38.
[4]. Chowdhury A.Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in India. Hep B Annual 2004;1:17-24
[5]. Puri P. Tackling the Hepatitis B Disease Burden in India. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2014;4(4):312-319

Abstract: Glaucoma is a, silent killer of vision. Topical instilled drugs are the main crux of glaucoma therapy. Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) include latanoprost, travoprost etc., as first-line medical treatment in glaucoma. Suggested in few studies, Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is pro inflammatory and pro apoptotic molecule, leading to damage of tear film and changes in ocular surface. So, PGA molecule especially with BKC leads to decrease in adherence to prostaglandins. Methods: Prospective, open labelled, randomized comparative study conducted in Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan.....

Keywords: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) ; Latanoprost ; BAK; schirmer test; Tear break up time (TUBT); Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)

[1]. Shweta A, Rajagopala M. Clinical study on primary open-angle glaucoma with Ashchyotana, Tarpana and oral medication. Ayu. 2017;38:33-8.
[2]. Mohan AP. Clinical profile of primary open angle glaucoma suspects. Ann Intern Med. 2018;4(2):7-11.
[3]. Henderer JD, Rapuano CJ. Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutic. 13th ed. NewYork: McGrawHill; 2018. p. 1251-70.
[4]. Tripathi KD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 8th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers; 2019. p. 165-70.
[5]. Guidance for industry – container and closure system integrity testing in lieu of sterility testing as a component of the stability protocol for sterile products. Rockville, MD, USA: Food and Drug Administration. 2008 Feb.

Abstract: Aim: Radiographic comparison and assessment of GIC and Composite in Restoring Class I cavity in Primary Molars in children. Materials and Method: Data records of a total of 40 patients within the age group of 5 to 8 years were enrolled in which the primary molars were indicated for class I restoration. All the patients were broadly divided into two study groups as follows: Group A: Glass ionomer was used and Group B: Resin composite was used. As per data record files, complete respiration was done in all the patients. Follow-up visit records of all the
patients were obtained. Radiographs were analyzed by skilled oral radiologists. Based on radiographic details, grading of the quality of restoration was done.......

Keywords: Cavity, Composte, GIC, Resin

[1]. Jindal L, Dua P, Mangla R, Gupta K, Vyas D, Gupta P. Dental caries in relation to socioeconomic factors of 6 and 12 year old schoolchildren of Paonta Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, India: An Epidemiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(4): 395-98.
[2]. Kawashita Y, Kitamura M, Saito T. Early childhood caries. Int J Dent 2011: 1-7.
[3]. Ersin NK, Candan U, Aykut A, et al. . A clinical evaluation of resin-based composite and glass ionomer cement restorations placed in primary teeth using the ART approach: results at 24 months. J Am Dent Assoc 2006;137:1529–36.
[4]. Francisconi LF, Scaffa PMC, de Barros VRS, Coutinho M, Francisconi PAS. Glass ionomer cements and their role in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17(5): 364-69.
[5]. Berg JH. Glass ionomer cements. Pediatr Dent 2002;24(5): 430-38.

Abstract: This was descriptive study done at Omdurman maternal hospital in Khartoum state-Sudan; during the period extend from 2017 to 2020. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of diabetes type in pregnant ladies, in second and third trimester. Method: Hundred and sixty five diabetic pregnant ladies were included. All were scanned by two dimensional ultrasound machine (Mindary) by applying the standard technique. The scan was done to evaluate the effect of diabetes type in fetal weight , gender, flow in umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and evaluate amniotic fluid index . Maternal age, parity, and Hb A1C (glycated hemoglobin) were also been evaluate. The study revealed that fetal liquor volume, fetal hearts activity, fetal gender, umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and fetus weight ,maternal Hb A1C and parity were not affected by diabetes type. While diabetes type have an effect on advanced maternal age .

Key words: Ultrasonography, Diabetes mellitus, Pregnancy.

[1]. "About diabetes". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 31 March 2014.(https:\\en.m.wikipedia.org).
[2]. Bedoor S. AL Omran et al 2016 ,, pregnancy outcome in relation to different type of diabetes mellitus and mode of delivery in macrocosmic fetus,, Journal of Taibah University Medial Sciences 12(1).DOI:10.1016\j.jtumed.2016.07.008.[3]. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2012. p. 235. ISBN 978-93-5025-489-9. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015 RSSDI textbook of diabetes mellitus (Revised 2nd ed.).
[4]. J S Dashe et al 2000 ,,correlation between amniotic fluid glucose concentration and amniotic fluid volume,, American Journal of Obstetric and Gynecology .volume 182,issue4,April 2000 pages901-904
[5]. Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, Fisher JN Diabetes Care. (July 2009). "Hyperglycemic rises in adult patients with diabetes" . 32 (7): 1335–43. doi:10.2337/dc09-9032

Abstract: Background: Amyand hernia is an uncommon condition where the appendix is trapped inside an inguinal hernia sac. Appendix within the hernia sac is exceptionally unusual (fewer than 1% of inguinal hernia patients), and when complications such as inflammation, perforation, or abscess development occur, the rate drops to less than 0.1 %. Case presentation: A 75-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and fever (38 C) to the Emergency Department. The physical examination revealed a right incarcerated inguinal hernia, painful at the palpation. The Computed Tomography showed herniated bowel loops inside the inguinal hernia with signs of inflammation and fluid in the peritoneal cavity. An exploratory laparotomy, appendectomy, and hernia repair without mesh were performed on the patient.......

Keywords: Amy and hernia; appendix; incarceration; classification; treatment.

[1]. Psarras K, Lalountas M, Baltatzis M et al. Amyand's hernia-a vermiform appendix presenting in an inguinal hernia: a case series. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5:463.
[2]. Michalinos A, Moris D, Vernadakis S. Amyand's hernia: a review. Am J Surg. 2014;207(6):989-995.
[3]. Ranganathan G, Kouchupapy R, Dias S. An approach to the management of Amyand's hernia and presentation of an interesting case report. Hernia. 2011;15(1):79-82.
[4]. Kouskos E, Komaitis S, Kouskou M, Despotellis M, Sanidas G. Complicated acute appendicitis within a right inguinal hernia sac (Amyand's hernia): report of a case. Hippokratia. 2014;18(1):74-76.
[5]. Losanoff JE, Basson MD. Amyand hernia: a classification to improve management. Hernia. 2008 Jun;12(3):325-326.

Abstract: Background: Gallstone disease is one of the most common problems affecting the digestive tract. Incidence of asymptomatic gallstones has been understood recently, largely due to application of USG scanning of people for other reasons. Most of the gall stones are silent / asymptomatic with only 1 – 4 % lifetime risk of becoming symptomatic Methods:. Patients with USG proven gall-stones presenting with dyspepsia attending OPD or admitted in surgery department were taken for the study. Details of cases were recorded including history and clinical examination and investigations as per the pretested proforma. Upper GI endoscopy was performed to look for significant lesions.......

Keywords: cholelithiasis, upper gi findings, dyspepsia.

[1]. Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB et al. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. 10th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014. p. 1316.
[2]. Kotwal MR, Rinchen CZ. Gallstone disease in the Himalayas (Sikkim and north Bengal): causation and stone analysis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 1998;17:87–9.
[3]. Blumgart LH, Belghiti J, Jarnagin WR, DeMatteo RP, Chapman WC, Buchler MW et al. Blumgart: Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas. 4th ed. China: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. p. 51-6.
[4]. Davis CJ. A History of Endoscopic Surgery. Surgical laparoscopy & Endoscopy.1992;2(1):16-23.
[5]. Hardy KJ. Carl Langenbuch And The Lazarus Hospital: Events And Circumstances Surrounding The First Cholecystectomy. Aust N.Z. J Surg. 1993;63:56-64.

Abstract: Background - Non union after clavicle fracture can cause significant disability due to pain, shoulder joint stiffness, impaired function with limitation of certain activity of shoulder joint mainly in high demand patient. Material and Method: 22 patient (14 males and 8 females) having fracture clavicle within 6 month old case, out of 22, 4 case were nonunited (3 male and 1 female) was treated with ORIF with plate & screw fixation with autologus bone grafting, 3 were delayed union treated with ORIF with plate and screw fixation and 5 recent fracture with history of trauma within 2 week treated with plating and Rest 10 patient were treated with conservative with figure of 8 bandage and cuff and collar sling or broad arm pouch sling. Fracture of lateral one third and open fracture of clavicle were not included in the study. Bone grafting was done in 7 patient who was case of nonunion and delayed union.......

[1]. Kabak S, Halici M, tuncel M, Avsarogullari L, Karaoght S. Treatment of midclavicular nonunion: Comparison of dynamic compression plating and low contact dynamic compression plating techniques. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2004; 13:396-403.
[2]. Taylor AR. Some observations on fractures of the clavide. Proc R Soc Med 1969;62:1037-8.
[3]. Wilkins RM, Johnston RM. Ununited fractures of the clavide. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983;65:773-8
[4]. Jupiter JB, Leffert RD. Non-Union of the clavide. Associated complications and surgical management. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1987;69:753-60.
[5]. Der Tavitian J, Davison JN, Dias JJ. Clavicular fracture non-union surgical cutcome and complications. Injury 2002;33:135-43.