iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2021

Abstract: Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the life of general population and people with chronic illness in particular. Our study aims to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 among patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD). Material and Methods: A questionnaire based face to face interview was conducted after informed consent. The questionnaire tested knowledge regarding transmission, symptoms, risk factors and treatment of Covid-19 infection. The attitude towards following preventive measures and compliance to safe practices was recorded. The KAP results were correlated with various.....

Key words: Covid-19, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Chronic Kidney Disease, Maintenance Hemodialysis

[1]. Weiss P, Murdoch DR. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. Lancet. 2020;6736(20):1015 –1018.
[2]. Shereen MA, Khan S, Kazmi A, Bashir N, Siddique R. COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses. J Adv Res. 2020;24:91-98.
[3]. Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, et al., A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-523.
[4]. Omer SB, Malani P, Del Rio C. The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US: A Clinical Update. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1767-1768.
[5]. Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA. Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1499-1500..

Abstract: Does remdesivir really works in Covid 19 Pneumonia? In our personal experience we have found that it really works if given at the appropriate time. One should really understand that SARS Cov2 virus behaves differently in different people, the virulence is more in elderly, diabetics, obesity, Post CABG patients, and immunosuppressed patients. Many other factors such as viral load and time ofhospital admission after the initial symptoms play a vital role in the prognosis of the deceases. All these must be accounted when considering the drugs efficacy. Merely administering this drug does not really mean one's life will be safe as it is not an antidote for coronavirus. Antivirals should be given in early phase of the diseases when the viral load is low and lung damage is minimal. Hence it is not wise........

[1]. Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, Mehta AK, Zingman BS, Kalil AC, Hohmann E, Chu HY, Luetkemeyer A, Kline S, Lopez de Castilla D, Finberg RW, Dierberg K, Tapson V, Hsieh L, Patterson TF, Paredes R, Sweeney DA, Short WR, Touloumi G, Lye DC, Ohmagari N, Oh MD, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Benfield T, Fätkenheuer G, Kortepeter MG, Atmar RL, Creech CB, Lundgren J, Babiker AG, Pett S, Neaton JD, Burgess TH, Bonnett T, Green M, Makowski M, Osinusi A, Nayak S, Lane HC; ACTT-1 Study Group Members. Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Final Report. N Engl J Med. 2020 Nov 5;383(19):1813-1826. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007764. Epub 2020 Oct 8. PMID: 32445440; PMCID: PMC7262788.
[2]. Spinner CD, Gottlieb RL, Criner GJ, et al. Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(11):1048–1057. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.16349.
[3]. Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 — final report. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 1813-26.
[4]. WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium. Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19 — interim WHO Solidarity trial results. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2023184.
[5]. Onder, G.; Rezza, G.; Brusaferro, S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA 2020, DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.4683 .

Abstract: Purpose: This paper aims to explore the level of awareness about thalassemia among pregnant women in Gujarat, India. It also attempts to discover the attitudes of pregnant women towards thalassemia testing and examine whether an association exists between women's age, education and income levels and their attitudes towards thalassemia. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses a quantitative methodology. Data is collected through structured interviews of 30 pregnant women taken in person by meeting respondents at hospitals and gynecologists' clinics. Findings: The findings indicate a reasonably good awareness of thalassemia and an above-average level of knowledge about its screening test.....

Keywords: Thalassemia, Awareness, Pregnancy, India, Screening

[1]. Ahmed, S., Green, J., & Hewison, J. (2006). Attitudes towards prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for thalassemias in pregnant Pakistani women in the North of England. Prenatal Diagnosis, 26(3), 248-257. doi: 10.1002/pd.1391
[2]. Ahmed, S., Saleem, M., Sultana, N., Raashid, Y., Waqar, A., & Anwar, M. (2000). Prenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassemia in Pakistan: experience in a Muslim country. Prenatal Diagnosis, 20(5), 378-383. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(200005)20:5<378::aid-pd815>3.0.co;2-7
[3]. Al-Farsi, O., Al-Farsi, Y., Gupta, I., Ouhtit, A., Al-Farsi, K., & Al-Adawi, S. (2014). A study on knowledge, attitude, and practice towards premarital carrier screening among adults attending primary healthcare centers in a region in Oman. BMC Public Health, 14(1). doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-380
[4]. Alkuraya, F., & Kilani, R. (2001). Attitude of Saudi families affected with hemoglobinopathies towards prenatal screening and abortion and the influence of religious ruling (Fatwa). Prenatal Diagnosis, 21(6), 448-451. doi: 10.1002/pd.76
[5]. Alswaidi, F., Memish, Z., O'Brien, S., Al-Hamdan, N., Al-Enzy, F., Alhayani, O., & Al-Wadey, A. (2011). At-Risk Marriages after Compulsory Premarital Testing and Counseling for β-Thalassemia and Sickle Cell Disease in Saudi Arabia, 2005–2006. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 21(2), 243-255. doi: 10.1007/s10897-011-9395-4

Abstract: Background: In this study, we profile the benign breast diseases, the relative frequency of different types and their clinical features. Also, we attempt at relating the clinical, radiological and pathological findings.Methods:This study was conducted in the Department of Surgeryof a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. Study group consisted of 164 patients with non-malignant breast conditions admitted in surgical wards. Malignant cases were excluded from the study. In addition to detailed history, triple assessment including thorough clinical examination, imaging study and tissue biopsy was done to arrive at a diagnosis.Results:In this study, the majority (56%) of our patients were fibroadenomas. The next common BBD was antibioma (10.9%) and fibrocystic........

Keywords: Benign breast disease, Triple Assessment, Fibroadenoma

[1]. Guray M, Sahin AA. Benign breast disease: classification, diagnosis and management. The Oncologist 2006; 111: 435-449.
[2]. Layer RC, Reed MW, Harrison BJ, Newton PD. The management of women with breast symptoms referred to secondary care clinics in Shelfield; implications for improving local services. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1999; 81: 242-247.
[3]. Benign Disorders and Diseases of The Breast Mansel R.E, Webster D.J.T, Sweetland H.M, Saunders publication. 2009; III: 07.
[4]. Hislop TG, Elwood JM. Risk factors for benign breast diseases: a 30 years cohort study. CMA Journal 1981; 124:2388-291.
[5]. Shanker MR, Reddy T, Prajwal S. Benign Breast Disease among the Rural Population: A Clinical Study. IJSS Journal of Surgery 2017;3(1):30-37..

Abstract: This study was conducted in a tertiary care center over a period of one year with a aim to study antenatal ,neonatal and postnatal factors modulating surfactant need in preterm newborns with RDS and also to find out the odds of mortality and morbidity in those children with surfactant administration. This prospective study successfully documented that neonates with history of antenatal steroid to mother and maternal hypertension had lesser need of surfactant treatment against those neonates with maternal diabetes who were found at higher end of requirement of surfactant. Extreme preterms(<28week GA) had higher need of multiple surfectant dose(42.8%). Neonates given multiple surfactant had higher morbidity(57%) as well as mortality(28.5%) finding suggests that receipt of multiple surfactant doses could potentially be a useful marker for severe underlying respiratory immaturity and could be used to identify patients who should be closely monitored to prevent ongoing lung injury and other adverse outcomes.

Keywords: surfectant, RDS, extreme preterme, maternal hypertension

[1]. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J, Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet Lond Engl. 2005 Mar 5;365(9462):891–900. [PubMed]
[2]. Zupan, J, Ahman, E. Perinatal mortality for the year 2000: estimates developed by WHO. World Health Organization, Geneva; 2005.
[3]. Hack M, Fanaroff AA. Outcomes of extremely-low-birth-weight infants between 1982 and 1988. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 14;321(24):1642-7.
[4]. Hack M, Horbar JD, Malloy MH, Tyson JE, Wright E, Wright L. Very low birth weight outcomes of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network. Pediatrics. 1991 May;87(5):587–97.
[5]. Burri PH. Fetal and postnatal development of the lung. Ann Rev Physiol. 1984;46:617–28.

Abstract: Background and Aim: Displaced fractures of the tibial shaft in children can be effectively treated with minimal complication with flexible nails. Our aim is to evaluate the outcome of displaced paediatric tibia shalf fractures treated with Ender's nails. Material and Methods: This is a study of 24 patients of unstable tibial shaft fractures in children treated with Ender's nailing. 20 were closed fractures & 4 were open grade one fractures with only punctured wounds. Eighteen patients had concomitant fibula fractures. In 20 patients tibia fracture was an isolated injury, one had associated same side clavicle fracture........

Keywords: Ender; Technique, Children, Tibial shaft, fracture, Flexiblenail, implant, tibia

[1]. Fulkerson EW, Egol KA. Timing Issues in Fracture Management. Bulletin of the NYU hospital for joint diseases. 2009, 67:58-67.
[2]. Berkson EM, Virkus WW. High-energy tibial plateau fractures. JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2006, 14:20-31.
[3]. Taljanovic MS, Jones MD, Ruth JT, Benjamin JB, Sheppard JE, Hunter TB et al. Fracture fixation. Radiographics 2003, 23:1569-90.
[4]. Sohail Iqbal S: Ender s Nail For Diaphyseal Long Bone Lower Limb Fractures in Children. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College2012, 16:25-7.
[5]. Checketts R, Young C. (iii) External fixation of diaphyseal fractures of the tibia. Current Orthopaedics. 2003, 17:176-89.

Abstract: Backgrount: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a reliable test for diagnosis of thyroid nodule. Sometimes, repeated aspiration does not yield diagnostic material. Core needle biopsy (CNB) has been introduced as an alternative for preoperative assessment of thyroid nodule. Objective: To compare the adequacy and accuracy of FNA to that of Core needle biopsy in same patient using histologic diagnosis as gold standard by follow-up resection. Methods: We compared the adequacy and accuracy of Fine needle aspiration(FNA) with core needle biopsy (CNB) in a total of 189 patients who underwent both tests.25 cases of a total 32 atypical, suspicious and positive cases had follow-up resection.......

Keywords: Thyroid, Cytology, Fine-needle aspiration, Core needle biopsy, Diagnosis, Adequacy, Accuracy

[1]. Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1-133.
[2]. Gharib H. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules advantages, limitations and effect. Mayo Clin Proc. 1994; 69: 44-49.
[3]. Kini SR: Thyroid. In Kline TS, ed: Guides to clinical aspiration biopsy, 2nd edn. Igaku-Shoin, NewYork, 1996.
[4]. Raab SS, Vrbin CM, Grzybicki DM, et al. Errors in thyroid gland fine-needle aspiration. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006; 125:873-882.
[5]. Hall TL, Layfield LJ, Philippe A, Rosenthal DL. Sources of diagnostic error in fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Cancer 1989; 63: 718-725.

Abstract: BACKROUND: The aquatic environment of the fetus has long remained a mystery to the patient and obstetricians, and the precise origin of the amniotic fluid is still not completely understood. Oligohydramnios is described as a condition with decreased amniotic fluid relative to gestational age. Its incidence is 2.3% .The incidence increases,upto 11% in postdated pregnancies. Assessment of amniotic fluid volume(AFI) by ultrasonogram is reliable. Decreased liquor are associated with increased incidence of meconium –stained liquor and abnormal fetal heart rate patterns during labour, thereby increasing operative deliveries. Thus this study was conducted to find the significance of amniotic fluid index........

......

Abstract: Aims and Objective :Intracerebral hemorrhage ( ICH ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. As previous studies show association between high serum ferritin and poor outcome in ischemic stroke ,we decided to determine admission time serum ferritin level as a prognostic biomarker of functional outcome of patients with ICH . Methods :100 patients with ICH were selected within 48 hours of admission to department of medicine and neurology , SCBMCH between 2017 to 2019 . ICH is confirmed by NCCT of brain and at admission serum ferritin was measured by CLIA method. Functional outcome of patients was determined by Canadian Stroke Scale at day 0th and day 7th . Results were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Results : Mean serum ferritin level of group of patients who improved was 79.20 ng/ml and those who deteriorated or died was 158.80 ng / ml .There is statistically.......

Key Word: CLIA, Canadian stroke scale, functional outcomes, ferritin

[1]. WHO (1980) Bull. Who 58.113 -30.
[2]. JL Jameson, AS Fausi, D.L Kasner, SL Hauser, DL Longoria, J Loscalzo HARRISON's Principle of Internal Medicine 20th edition. New York: McGraw Hill Education 2018.
[3]. Pandian JD, Sudhan P. Stroke epidemiology and Stroke care service of India Journal of Stroke.2013;15(3) 128.
[4]. Dalal PM :Burden of Stroke: Indian Perspective ,International Journal of Stroke, 2006;1 (3) 164-166.
[5]. Marc Fisher MD, Bo Norrving. 1st Global Conference on Healthy lifestyles and Non-communicable diseases Control. Moscow, April 28-29, 2011

Abstract: Background:Chronic kidney disease is a pathophysiologic process with multiple aetiologies, resulting in the inexorable attrition of nephron number and function, and frequently leading to end stage renal disease (ESRD). There are diverse ways in which the skin is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Various specific and nonspecific skin abnormalities are observed in the patients which are caused either by the disease or by treatment and is due tofactors ranging from metabolic disturbances to immunosuppressive drugs. Objective: To study and compare the various dermatological manifestations seen in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease.......

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, skin manifestations

[1]. Bowen A, Zone J. Bullous diseases. In :Callan J. Jorizzo J. editors. Dermatologicla signs of Internal signs of Internal diseases. 3rd. ed. Philadelphia.WB.Saunders : 2001, 81-93.
[2]. Hajheydari Z, Makhlough A. Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations in patients on maintenance hermodialysis. Iran J Kidney Dis 2008; 2:86-90.
[3]. Falodun 0, Ogunbiyl A, Salako B, George A. Skin changes in patients with chronic renal failure. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 20111; 22: 268-272.
[4]. Pico MR, Lugo-Somolinos A, Sanchez JL, Burgos- Calderon R. Cutaneous alterations in patients with chronic renal failure.Int J. Dermatol. 1992: 8600-3.
[5]. Nunley JR. Dermatologic manifestations of renal disease.eMed J 2002;550.