iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2023

Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. We report here a 6 year old pediatric patient who was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis 2 years back with right eye squint and bilateral facial nerve palsy.A 6-year-old male child presented for routine follow up after 1 yearswith a 2 year history of squint in right eye along with diminution of vision both for near and distance. He was diagnosed with toxoplasmosis 2 years back. Serology for toxoplasma was positive for IgG. Poor prognosis results from macular involvement and regular follow-up is necessary as reactivation may lead to vitritis with further diminution of vision.

Keywords : Toxoplasmosis; bilateral seventh nerve palsy; sensory esotropia; case report

[1]. Fakhar M, Soosaraei M, Khasseh AA, Emameh RZ, Hezarjaribi HZ. A bibliometric analysis of global research on toxoplasmosis in the Web of Science. Vet World 2018;11(10):1409-15.
[2]. Marra CM. Central nervous system infection with Toxoplasmagondii. HandbClinNeurol2018;152: 117-22.
[3]. Delair E, Latkany P, Noble AG, Rabiah P, McLeod R, Brézin A. Clinical manifestations of ocular toxoplasmosis. OculImmunolInflamm2011;19(2): 91-102.
[4]. Henderly, D. E., Genstler, A. J., Smith, R. E., &Rao, N. A. (1987). Changing patterns of uveitis. American journal of ophthalmology, 103(2), 131–136.
[5]. Brady-McCreery, K. M., Hussein, M. A., &Paysse, E. A. (2003). Congenital toxoplasmosis with unusual retinal findings. Archives of Ophthalmology, 121(8), 1200-1201.

Abstract: Background: Pancreatic pseudocyst is seen in acute and chronic pancreatitis as a complication. It has awell-defined wall which is not made of epithelium. After an acute attack of pancreatitis, pancreaticpseudocyst develops after 4-8 weeks. There is a increased incidence of pancreatitis and complications ofpancreatitis, despite of treatment and recent advances. So, I would like to study the clinical features,etiology,various treatment modalities andasses outcome ofthe patients

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[5]. WilliamE,Fisher,Danak.Anderson,RichardH.Bell.Jr.,AshokaA.andF.charlesBrunicardi,Danak.Anderson, TimothyR.biller, etal.,ed., 8thEd. USA:McGraw Hill; 2005;p.1221-1297

Abstract: Background: Scalp nerve block (SNB) is the blockage of nerves that innervate the involved region of the scalp after surgery. Bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and Ropivacaine of varying concentrations with and without epinephrine can be used in a scalp block. Dexmedetomidine, a selective α2 agonist, reduce the impact of hemodynamic effects in patients undergoing craniotomy. Levobupivacaine is an amide local anaesthetic drug that is an enantiomer of Bupivacaine. Aim:To compare hemodynamic effects of IV Dexmedetomidine and levobupivacaine used for scalp block during skull pin holder application in.....

Keywords: Craniotomy, Dexmedetomidine, Hemodynamicstability, Levobupivacaine, Scalp block

[1]. Papangelou A, Radzik B, Smith T, Gottschalk A. A review of scalp blockade for cranial surgery. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2013;25(2):150-159.
[2]. Kim HS, Lee SJ, Kim CS, Kim JT. Effect of triamcinolone added to scalp nerve block for postoperative pain management of Moyamoya disease. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2011 Aug;61(2):173-4. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2011.61.2.173. Epub 2011 Aug 23. PMID: 21927693; PMCID: PMC3167142.
[3]. Ayoub, C. et al. A comparison between scalp nerve block and morphine for transitional analgesia after remifentanil-based anesthesia in neurosurgery. Anesth. Analg. 2006. 103, 1237–1240, https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000244319.51957.9f
[4]. Smith F, van der Merwe C, Becker P. Attenuation of the haemodynamic response to placement of the Mayfield skull pin head holder: Alfentanil versus scalp block. South Afr J AnaesthAnalg. 2002;8:4‑11.
[5]. Agarwal A, Sinha PK, Pandey CM, Gaur A, Pandey CK, Kaushik S. Effect of a subanesthetic dose of intravenous ketamine and/or local anesthetic infiltration on hemodynamic responses to skull‑pin placement: A prospective, placebo‑controlled, randomized, double‑blind study. J NeurosurgAnesthesiol 2001; 13:189‑94

Abstract: Background:Constipation is characterized by delayed or difficult bowel movements that persist for two weeks or more, causing discomfort to the patient. Understanding how and how much it affects the quality of life of patients helps in the formulation of strategies to alleviate it. Objective: to carry out screening to quality of life in children and adolescentscarrier of intestinal constipation. Method:Application of the general PedsQLTM 4.0 short-form questionnaire answered by parents or guardians or by children and adolescents of both genders........

Keywords: constipation, children, adolescent, qualityoflife, questionnaire

[1]. Regina A, Ramos L, Borges Pinto R, Sanfelice F. Constipação crônica funcional: como o pediatra deve manejar [Internet]. 2019 May: 1-4.Availablefrom: https://www.sprs.com.br/sprs2013/bancoimg/190521112509Artigo_Constipacao_cronica_funcional.pdf
[2]. Tabbers MM, DiLorenzo C, Berger MY, Faure C, Langendam MW, Nurko S, et al. EvaluationandTreatmentofFunctionalConstipation in InfantsandChildren. JournalofPediatricGastroenterologyandNutrition [Internet]. 2014 Feb;58(2):265–81.
[3]. Hyams JS, Di Lorenzo C, Saps M, Shulman RJ, Staiano A, van Tilburg M. ChildhoodFunctional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Child/Adolescent. Gastroenterology. 2016 May;150(6):1456-1468.e2.
[4]. Vieira M, Krueger Negrelle I, Webber K, Gosdal M, Krüger Truppel B E Solena S, Kusma Z. Conhecimento do pediatra sobre o manejo da constipação intestinal funcional. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2016;34(4):425-431
[5]. Souza JGS, Pamponet MA, Souza TCS, Pereira AR, Souza AGS, Martins AME de BL. Tools used for evaluationofBrazilianchildren'squalityoflife. Rev PaulPediatr. 2014 Jun;32(2):272–8..

Abstract: BACKGROUND-Females with clinically palpable breast lumps frequently present to imaging departments. Imaging is crucial for determining the patient's diagnosis and deciding whether or not they should have additional investigations.However, there is still a lot of confusion regarding the best imaging modality used and how frequently imaging is needed. The radiologist can guide proper management of the patients by understanding their clinical, pathologic, and imaging characteristics. The goal of this article is to evaluate & describe various imaging findings in female patients coming with clinically palpable breast lumps. METHODOLOGY- This was a prospective study, a total number of 33 cases referred to the department of Radio-diagnosis, Tezpur medical college & hospital were evaluated using USG & MRI. All cases were histologically verified; their findings were reviewed and compared to radiological findings. CONCLUSIONS- In young women, the majority of breast lesions are benign. Ultrasonography is a critical first imaging modality in the diagnosis of breast lesions.

KEYWORDS: Breast lesions, female, MRI, US.

[1]. El Khouli RH, Macura KJ, Jacobs MA, Khalil TH, Kamel IR, Dwyer A, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the breast: Quantitative method for kinetic curve type assessment. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2009;193(4).
[2]. Abdullah N, Mesurolle B, El-Khoury M, Kao E. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Lexicon for US: Interobserver Agreement for Assessment of Breast Masses. Radiology. 2009 Sep;252(3):665–72.
[3]. Ha R, Kim H, Mango V, Wynn R, Comstock C. Ultrasonographic features and clinical implications of benign palpable breast lesions in young women. Ultrasonography. 2014;34(1).
[4]. Makanjuola D, Alkushi A, Alzaid M, Abukhair O, Al Tahan F, Alhadab A. Breast cancer in women younger than 30 years: Prevalence rate and imaging findings in a symptomatic population. Pan African Medical Journal. 2014;19.
[5]. Liberman L, Morris EA, Lee MJY, Kaplan JB, LaTrenta LR, Menell JH, et al. Breast lesions detected on MR imaging: Features and positive predictive value. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2002;179(1)..

Abstract: The stamp technique is a novel approach that attempts to simulate the natural occlusal topography of the toothexhibiting an intact occlusal surface with composite restorations while maintaining its form and function. An occlusal stamp or matrix is created that imitates the tooth's morphology and restores the tooth to its original form and that too in less time.

Keywords: Class I caries, Direct composite restoration, Biomimetic, Stamp technique

[1]. Raghu R, Srinivasan R. Optimizing tooth form with direct posterior composite restorations. J Conserv Dent. 2011;14:330–6.
[2]. Mary G, Jayadevan A. Microbrush stamp technique to achieve occlusal topography for composite resin restorations – A technical report. J Sci Dent. 2016;6:76
[3]. Hamilton JC, Krestik KE, Dennison JB. Evaluation of custom occlusal matrix technique for posterior light-cured composites. Oper Dent. 1998;23:303–7.
[4]. Murrashkin A. Direct posterior composite restorations using stamp technique-conventional and modified: A case series. IJDR. 2017;2:3–7.
[5]. Alshehadat SA, Halim MS, Carmen K, Fung CS. The stamp technique for direct Class II composite restorations: A case series. J Conserv Dent. 2016;19:490–3..

Abstract: Background: Brain relaxation is essential in anesthesia for intracranial surgery and it has been considered a neuroprotective measure as it can reduce surgical compression, local hypo perfusion, cerebral ischemia, and blood loss. Mannitol is considered a standard and a first-choice hyperosmotic agent for the treatment of increased ICP in a variety of intracranial diseases. In recent years, hypertonic saline (HS) has emerged as an attractive alternative in hyperosmotic management to get satisfactory brain relaxation and ICP in a variety of neurosurgical practices. Aim:Aim of the study is to......

Keywords: Brain relaxation, Craniotomy, Intracranial pressure, Hypertonic saline, Mannitol

[1]. Hans P, Bonhomme V. Why we still use intravenous drugs as the basic regimen for neurosurgical anaesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006; 19:498-503.
[2]. Reese TS, Karnovsky MJ. Fine structural localization of a blood-brain barrier to exogenous peroxidase. JCell Biol 1967; 34:207-17.
[3]. Bedford RF, Morris L, Jane JA. Intracranial hypertension during surgery for supratentorial tumor: correlation with preoperative computed tomography scans. Anesth Analg 1982; 61:430–3.
[4]. Dinsmore J Anaesthesia for elective neurosurgery. Br J Anaesth.2007: 99: 68–74.
[5]. Infanti JL. Challenging the gold standard: should mannitol remain our first-line defense against intracranial hypertension? J Neurosci Nurs. 2008 Dec;40(6):362-8. PMID: 19170304.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: According to Indian studies, the prevalence of diabetes has increased by three times in both urban and rural areas, and in the near future, India may overtake the United States as the world's leading diabetic nation. Because to alterations in lipid profiles, type 2 DM patients are more likely to develop vascular problems. Increased serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), or both, or decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) are signs of diabetic dyslipidaemia, which is more atherogenic.Dyslipidaemia is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The goal of the current investigation was to ascertain the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in newly diagnosed.......

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c (Glycosylated haemoglobin), Fasting blood glucose, Dyslipidaemia, Triglycerides, Highdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol.

[1]. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 2009;32(S1):S62-S7.
[2]. Guyton AC, Hall JE. In: Insulin glucagon and diabetes mellitus Textbook of Medical Physiology. Saunder's Philadelphia, 12th edition; 2013, p. 618-22.
[3]. Tripathi BK, Srivastava AK. Diabetes mellitus: complications and therapeutics. Med Sci Monit 2006;12:RA130-47.
[4]. Maruthur NM. The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes: increased incidence or improved survival? Curr Diab Rep 2013;13:786-94.
[5]. International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, Eighth Edition, 2017. Available at: http://www.idf.org/idf-diabetesat.

Abstract: Background:A tourniquet is commonly used in total kneearthroplasty (TKA). However, the effectiveness and safetyof tourniquets are debated. We performed this study toinvestigate whether patients benefit from the torniquet use or without torniquet in TKA. Materials and Methods:30 patients are identified who were diagnosed with end stage arthritis of knee. Sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included in study and all patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty either with torniquet or without torniquet between no January 2021 and June 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.......

Keywords: Total knee arthroplasty , total knee replacement , with torniquet , without tourniquet

[1]. Wakankar HM, Nicholl JE, Koka R, D'Arcy JC. The tourniquet in TKA, a prospective randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999; 81-B:30–33.
[2]. Tetro AM, Rudan JF. The effects of a pneumatic tourniquet on blood loss in total knee arthroplasty. Can J Surg 2001;44(1):33-38.
[3]. Tsarouhas A, Hantes ME, Tsougias G, et al. Tourniquet use does not affect rehabilitation, return to activities, and muscle damage after arthroscopic meniscectomy: a prospective randomized clinical study. Arthroscopy 2012;28(12):1812-1818.
[4]. Vandenbussche E, Duranthon LD, Couturier M, et al. The effect of tourniquet use in total knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop 2002;26(5):306-309.
[5]. Wakankar HM, Nicholl JE, Koka R, et al. The tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty. A prospective, randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 1999;81(1):30-33..

Abstract: Introduction: Peroneus longus tendon autograft is biomechanically similar to the hamstring tendon autograft. The objective of our study is to compare functional outcome of peroneus longus tendon autograft compared to hamstring tendon autograft for arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Methods: This prospective study included 30 patients with complete ACL tear and arthroscopic ACL reconstruction done. In 14 patients peroneus longus autograft used and in 16 patients hamstring tendon autograft used. The functional outcome of knee was assessed using lyshomsocre, IKDC(International Knee Documentation Committee)score preoperatively and 1year after operation. Diameter of the graft measured during procedure. To know Donor site morbidity at ankle FADI( The Foot & Ankle Disability Index) & AOFAS( American Orthopaedic.......

Keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, peroneus longus tendon autograft, hamstring tendon autograft.

[1]. E. von Elm et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol(2008)
[2]. K.Y. Phatama et al. Tensile strength comparison between hamstring tendon, patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon and peroneus longus tendon: a cadaver research J. Arthros. Joint Surg.(2019)
[3]. R.A. Magnussen et al. Graft size and patient age are predictors of early revision after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstringautograftArthroscopy(2012)
[4]. Liu CT, Lu YC, Huang CH. Half-peroneus-longus-tendon graft augmentation for unqualified hamstring tendon graft of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sci . 2015;20(5):854–60.
[5]. Shi FD, Hess DE, Zuo JZ, Liu SJ, Wang XG, Zhang Y, et al. Peroneus Longus Tendon Autograft is a Safe and Effective Alternative for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. J Knee Surg. 2019;32(8):804–811.

Abstract: Background: Congenital anomaly is due to structural and functional abnormalities that occur during intrauterine life. High prevalence of this condition is one of the major causes for mortality and morbidity in countries. Objective: The objective of present study is to estimate the prevalence of morphologically detectable congenital malformations in still births delivered at JNIMS. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, JNIMS on the still birth foetuses collected from Obstetrics and GynaecologyDepartment, JNIMS for thesis purposes over a period of 5and half years from 2017-2022 in a total of120 formalin-fixed still birth foetuseswhich were collected for thesis purposes.Foetuses with congenital anomalies were selected and their morphological features were analysed.....

[1]. World Health Organization. Section on congenital anomalies. [Cited on 2022 Feb]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/birth-defects.
[2]. Penchaszadeh VB. Preventing congenital anomalies in developing countries. Community Genet 2002;5(1):61-9.
[3]. Mishra PC, Baveja R. Congenital malformations in the newborn–a prospective study. Indian Pediatr 1989;26(1):32-5.
[4]. Sadler TW. Langman's medical embryology. 13th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015.
[5]. Parmar A, Rathod SP, Patel SV, Patel SM: A study of congenital anomalies in newborn. NIJRM. 2010;1(1):13-7..

Abstract: Introduction:The third trochanter of femur is a rounded, oblong or conical elevation present on the upper end of gluteal tuberosity. It may perhaps serve to increase attachment surface area for the gluteus maximus thereby providing greater efficiency of contraction. The present was undertaken on the human femora of the department of Anatomy,JNIMS with the aim to determine the prevalence of third trochanter. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 60 human adult dry femora of unknown sexes in the Department of Anatomy, JNIMS, Manipur.The femora were inspected for the presence of third trochanter.If present photographs are.....

[1]. Lozanoff S, Sciulii PW, Schneider KN. Third trochanter incidence and metric trait covariation in the human femur. J Anat 1985; 143:149-59.
[2]. Aziz N, Nadeem T, Mubarik A. A Study of Third Trochanter in Femora of Pakistani Population. Annals KEMU. 2020Jul;2(1&2):8-11.
[3]. Muthukumaravel N, Manjunath KY. A study on occurrence of third trochanter in the femora in northern Tamil Nadu region. Natl J Clin Anat. 2015;04(04):186–9.
[4]. Rajad R, Rani RM, Romi S. A study on the occurrence of human femoral third trochanter. Indian J Clin Anat Physiol. 2017;4(3):316–8.
[5]. Ghosh S, Sethi M, Vasudeva N. Incidence of third trochanter and hypotrochanteric fossa in human femora in Indian population. OA Case Reports 2014 Feb 25;3(2):14.

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the hormonal, biochemical, and hematological parameters during three trimesters of normal pregnant women of Abbottabad. To compare the results of the same blood Parameters with the control group of non-pregnant women having similar criteria. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2021 and September 2022 at the Women Medical College, Abbottabad in collaboration with Women and Children, hospital (WCH) Abbottabad. A total of 90 pregnant women of middle socio-economic class within the age range of 18 to 35 years from the outpatient door (OPD).....

Key Words: Blood parameters, pregnant women, Abbottabad

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[4]. Macaulay S, Dunger DB, Norris SA. Gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa: a systematic review. PLOS One. 2014; 9, e97871.
[5]. Gray SC, Edwards SE, Schultz BD, Miranda ML. Assessing the impact of race, social factors, and air pollution on birth outcomes: a population-based study. Gray et al. Environmental Health. 2014; 13(4): 1-8..