iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2023

Abstract: Objective: The study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of the spina bifida at a South Indian tertiary hospital in six-year duration. Material and methods: The study was conducted in Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital (GDMCH), Tamil Nadu, South India. Data were obtained retrospectively by reviewing the patients' records from the department of paediatrics GDMCH. The overall number of the live births was recorded from 2015-2020.The patients' parents were contacted telephonically for collecting the patient's details......

Keywords : Neural tube defects (NTDs), meningomyelocele, Myelomeningocele, congenital abnormalities , live births.

[1]. Bhide P, Kar A. A national estimate of the birth prevalence of congenital anomalies in India: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC pediatrics. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-0.
[2]. Atta CA, Fiest KM, Frolkis AD, Jette N, Pringsheim T, St Germaine-Smith C, Rajapakse T, Kaplan GG, Metcalfe A. Global birth prevalence of spina bifida by folic acid fortification status: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of public health. 2016 Jan;106(1):e24-34.
[3]. Copp AJ, Adzick NS, Chitty LS, Fletcher JM, Holmbeck GN, Shaw GM. Spina bifida. Nature reviews. Disease primers. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.7.
[4]. Ntimbani J, Kelly A, Lekgwara P. Myelomeningocele-A literature review. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. 2020 Mar 1;19:100502.
[5]. Garg. S, Saxena. A. K, Aneja. P, Saha. S. a study of incidence of neural tube defects and their pattern in a tertiary care hospital of gurugram. Int J Anat Res 2020;8(1.2):7277- 7282. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2019.303.

Abstract: Background : In the past thirty years, there has been a significant decrease in maternal deaths resulting from antepartum hemorrhage (APH), likely due to advancements in obstetric care and blood transfusion services. Therefore, the goal of the research is to examine the outcomes of both the mother and fetus in cases where vaginal bleeding occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. Materials and Methods : At the Government Medical College Barmer (Raj), a study was undertaken which included 350 cases of antepartum hemorrhage......

Keywords: Antepartum Haemorrhage, Mortality, Vaginal bleeding.

[1]. Rayburn WF. Prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening and induction of labor: A critical analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Mar;160(3):529–34.
[2]. Pratt DS. 042700 Evaluation of Abnormal Liver-Enzyme Results. N Engl J Med.
[3]. LEEMAN L. Late pregnancy bleeding. Am Fam Physician. 2007;75(8):1199–206.
[4]. N. Chilaka, J. C. Konje, S. Clarke, V. Practice observed: is speculum examination on admission a necessary procedure in the management of all cases of antepartum haemorrhage? J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000 Jan;20(4):396–8.
[5]. Dhanalakshmi KR. Outcome of pregnancy in third trimester vaginal bleeding [PhD Thesis]. 2011..

Abstract: Background:Obesity is a major concern in our era with many adolescents and adults being obese. Obese individuals have numerous physiological changes which predispose them to many dermatological conditions. This is of concern to us as many of these conditions can act as markers for obesity and impending systemic consequences of obesity. This study was done to find the common dermatoses associated with adults with a BMI of > 30 kg/m2 who presented to the skin outpatient department. Materials &Methods –This is a descriptive.....

Keywords: Acanthosis nigricans,Plantar hyperkeratosis,Intertrigo, Striae

[1]. Divyashree RA, naveen KN, pai vv, Athanikar SB, Gupta G.cutaneous manifestations of obesity among dermatology patients in a tertiary care centre .Indian J Dermatol VenereolLeprol 2014:80:278.
[2]. Boza jc , Trindade EN, Peruzzo j, Sachett L, Rech L, cestari TF. Skin manifestations of obesity :a comparative study ,journal of the European academy of dermatology and venereology 2012;26(10),1220-1223.
[3]. Niaz F, Shams N,Qureshi S ,Bashir F, Shaikh Z, Ahmed I.dermatological manifestations of obesity, journal of Pakistan association of dermatologists 2015;15(2),90-95.
[4]. Matsuoka LY ,wortsman J , Goldman j, Acanthosis nigricans ,clin Dermatol 1993;11:21-5.
[5]. Sergeant A, Milne G,Shaffrali F. lichenoid eruption associated with orlistat. Br J Dermatol 2006:154:1020-1..

Abstract: This prospective clinical study investigated the survival probability of avulsed and replanted permanent teeth in relation to functional healing, replacement and inflammatory resorption. This study included 40 patients and 48 replanted permanent teeth. The patients were generally treated according to the current guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department of King Khalid hospital and Najran University. The mean observation period was 3 years. Functional healing was observed in 23.5% (N=11/48) of the included avulsion cases. In comparison, replacement resorption afected 55.0% (N=26/48) of the replanted teeth, of which 27.0% (N=7/26) were lost over the course of years (mean, 4 years). In contrast, infammatory resorption resulted in the early loss of all replanted teeth (mean, 1.4 years) and affected 21.5% (N=10/48) of all the monitored teeth. Therefore, it can be concluded that tooth avulsion remains a severe dental injury with an unpredictable prognosis. This topic demands further fundamental research aiming to maintain and/or regenerate the periodontal ligament after tooth avulsion, particularly in association with non-physiological tooth rescue.

[1]. Glendor U, Halling A, Andersson L, Eilert-Petersson E. Incidence of traumatic tooth injuries in children and adolescents in the county of Vastmanland, Sweden. Swed Dent J. 1996;20:15–28.
[2]. Andreasen JO, 2.. Andreasen FM, Avulsions TG. Andreasen. In: Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L, editors: Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 2019; p. 486–
[3]. Bücher, K., Neumann, C., Hickel, R. & Kühnisch, J. Traumatic dental injuries at a German university clinic 2004–2008. Dent. Traumatol. 29, 127–133, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01149.x (2013).
[4]. Pohl, Y., Filippi, A. & Kirschner, H. Results afer replantation of avulsed permanent teeth. I. Endodontic considerations. Dent. Traumatol. 21, 80–92, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-9657.2004.00297.x (2005).

Abstract: Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that contributes to the development of oral abscesses. If this oral abscess is not treated right away, odontogenic infection will develop. Antimicrobial drugs can be used to prevent oral abscesses. Antimicrobial substances made from natural materials are increasingly being used because they can make chemical drugs less effective due to side effects and drug resistance. Pomegranates are among the natural elements that may help prevent oral abscesses. Pomegranate peels.......

Keywords: Pomegranate peels, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibacterial.

[1]. Soedarto. (2014) MikrobiologiKedokteran: Medical Microbiology. SagungSeto. Jakarta.
[2]. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia (2018)
[3]. Stuart EL, Michael SB, Michael JZ. (2012). Dentoalveolar Surgery. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 7,50-70
[4]. Hari H, Efrida W. (2015). EkstrakBuahDelimaSebagaiAntibiotikPengobatanInfeksi MRSA. Bagian Mikrobiologi, FakultasKedokteran, Universitas Lampung.
[5]. Sudjijo. (2014) SekilasTanamanDelima Dan Manfaatnya. Solok Sumatra Barat: Balai PenelitianTanamanBuah Tropika,41-43
[6]. Kholisa, Purwanto, Sri H. (2018). PotensiEkstrakBuahDelima Merah (Punica granatum Linn) terhadapPenurunanJumlahKoloniStreptococcus mutans..

Abstract: The infants born before 37 weeks of gestation are known as preterm infants. Sleep is essential for brain development as well as plays a fundamental role in the new-born's growth. The main challenge of preterm infants after their birth is development of their circadian rhythm due to environmental factors of NICU. Objective: to find the existing scientific evidence regarding the effect of nesting and swaddling on preterm infant's sleep and physiological parameters. Methodology:The scooping review was carries out in March 2022 using search engine such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Academia, CINHAL....

Keywords: sleep, heart rate, respiratory rate, nesting, swaddling, preterm infants, neonatal intensive care units.

[1]. Reyhani T, Ramezani S, Boskabadi H, Mazlom S. Evaluation of the effect of nest posture on the sleep-wake state of premature infants. Evidence Based Care. 2016 Apr 1;6(1):29-36.
[2]. El-Nagger NS, Bayoumi OR. Effect of applying nesting technique as a developmental care on physiological functioning and neurobehavioral organization of premature infants. environment. 2016;8:16.
[3]. Maher G, Elarousy W. Effect of nested and swaddled prone positioning on sleep and physiological parameters of low birth weight neonates. Int J Nurs Health Care Res. 2018;5(3):48-55.
[4]. Abdeyazdan Z, Mohammadian-Ghahfarokhi M, Ghazavi Z, Mohammadizadeh M. Effects of nesting and swaddling on the sleep duration of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research. 2016 Sep;21(5):552.
[5]. Correia A, Lourenço M. Sleep promotion in neonatal intensive care units: scoping review. Enfermería Global. 2020;19(1):561-75..

Abstract: Background: Knowledge of variations in the external morphology of liver is essential during radiological investigationsand surgeries. Objective: The objective of the study is to estimate the morphological variations of caudate lobe of liver. Materials& Methods: For the present study, 50 formalin fixed adult cadaveric livers of unknown age and sex were obtained from Department of Anatomy, JNIMS, Imphal, Manipur. Liver specimens which werecut and distorted during dissection were excluded. The caudate lobe of the liver specimens were studied and their shapes (whether it was rectangular, pear, triangular and irregular)were recorded and photographed. Further inspection and observation was.......

Keywords: Caudate lobe, caudate process, papillary process, accessory fissure

[1]. Bannister LH, Dyson M. Reproductive system. In: Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek JE, et al, editors. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery. 38th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2000. p. 1797.
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[3]. Auh YH, Rosen A, Rubenstein WA, Engel IA, Whalen JP, Kazam E. CT of the papillary process of the caudate lobe of the liver. Am J Roentgenol 1984;142:535-8.
[4]. Heloury Y, Leborgne J, Rogez JM, Robert R, Barbin JY, Hureau J. The caudate lobe of the liver. Surg Radiol Anat 1988;10:83-91.
[5]. Joshi SD, Joshi SS, Athavale SA. Some interesting observations on the surface of the liver and their clinical implications. Med J Singapore 2009;50(7):715-9.

Abstract: Funding: The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article......

Keywords: Eye Injuries, intraocularlenses

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Abstract: Implant positioning plays a vital role for providing estheticsas well as for appropriate functioning of the prosthesis. Accuratediagnosis and treatment planning are essential for successfulimplant treatment. Improper positioning of implant createsestheticsandfunctionalchallengefortheprosthodontist. This case report describes the use of customized abutment to give esthetics, proper functioning and emergence profile in Malpositioned implants. This article also describes the problem faced while rehabilitating the case. For that clinician should try to provide esthetics by applying basic clinical knowledge, experience and advanced technique.

Keywords: Maxillary Anterior Implant, Customized abutment, Esthetics, Malpositioned Implant

[1]. Buser D, Sennerby L, De Bruyn H. Modern implant dentistry based on osseointegration: 50 years of progress, current trends and open questions. Periodontol 2000 2017;73(1):7–21. DOI: 10.1111/ prd.12185
[2]. Steigmann M, Wang HL. Esthetic buccal flap for correction of buccal fenestration defects during flapless immediate implant surgery. J Peiodontol. 2006; 77:517–522
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[4]. ShambharkarVI,SonareSR,MishraMK,RautAW.EstheticManagementofMisplacedImplant.IntJClinImplantDent2015;1(3):104-106.
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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a major cause of female morbidity and mortality. Early breast cancer discovery improves care and reduces complications. Breast self-examination helps discover breast abnormalities in settings with low access to clinical breast examination and mammography. All women in such situations are encouraged to undertake regular breast self-exams, and evidences are mandatory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 180 women and their female relatives were identified and enrolled using a random sampling. If a woman has already had a screening mammography.....

[1]. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71: 209-249 [PMID: 33538338 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21660]
[2]. DeSantis C, Siegel R, Bandi P, Jemal A. Breast cancer statistics, 2011. CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61: 409-418 [PMID: 21969133 DOI: 10.3322/caac.20134]
[3]. Saxena S, Szabo CI, Chopin S, Barjhoux L, Sinilnikova O, Lenoir G, Goldgar DE, Bhatanager D. BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Indian breast cancer patients. Hum Mutat 2002; 20: 473-474 [PMID: 12442273 DOI: 10.1002/humu.9082]
[4]. India State-Level Disease Burden Initiative Cancer Collaborators. The burden of cancers and their variations across the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016. Lancet Oncol 2018; 19: 1289-1306 [PMID: 30219626 DOI: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30447-9]
[5]. International Agency for Research on Cancer. India Source: Globocan 2020. [cited11 June 2021] Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/populations/356-india-fact-sheets.pdf.

Abstract: Background and Aims: Post-operative sore throat (POST) occurs in 21-65% of patients. Ketamine used earlier as gargle for reducing POST has limitations. The aim of this study was to see if nebulised ketamine reduces POST. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomised, placebo-control, and double-blind controlled trial. After written informed consent, 100 patients belonging to American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I-II in the age group 20-60 years, of either sex undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia (GA) were enrolled. Patients were randomised into two groups; group saline (S) received saline nebulisation 5.0 ml and group ketamine (K) received ketamine 50 mg (1.0 ml) with 4.0 ml of saline nebulisation for 15 min. GA was induced 10 min after completion of nebulisation in the patients....

[1]. Higgins PP, Chung F, Mezei G. Postoperative sore throat after ambulatory surgery Br J Anaesth. 2002;88:582– 4.
[2]. Loeser EA, Bennett GM, Orr DL, Stanley TH. Reduction of postoperative sore throat with new endotracheal tube cuffs Anesthesiology. 1980;52:257–9.
[3]. Macario A, Weinger M, Carney S, Kim A. Which clinical anesthesia outcomes are important to avoid. The perspective of patients? Anesth Analg. 1999;89:652–8.

Abstract: Background: vernal keratoconjuctivitis(VKC) is a chronic, periodic seasonal incidence, bilateral,recurrent, interstitial, allergic external ocular inflammation of the conjuctiva response to allergens.it is more prevalent in the hot and dry tropics and subtropical climates of Africa, Middle East, Asia(Indian sub- continent,kota,rajasthan(Hadoti region).VKC is a self-limiting disorder with spontaneous.purpose of study is to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of VKC in a government medical college and attached Maharao Bhimsingh Hospital,Kota ,Rajasthan....

Keywords: vernal keratoconjuctivitis,prevalence,pattern of disease

[1]. Chenge B, Makumyamviri AM, Kaimbowa K. Limbalkeratoconjunctivitis in the tropics in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Bull Socbelge Ophtalmol 2003;290:9-16.
[2]. McMoli T, Assonganyi T. Limbal vernal kerato-conjunctivitis in Yaounde, Cameroon. A clinico-immunology study. Rev Int Trach Pathol Ocul Trop Subtrop Sante Publique 1991;68:157-170.
[3]. Dantas PE, Alves MR, Nishiwaki-Dantas MC. Topographic corneal changes in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2005;68:593-598.
[4]. Al-Akily SA, Bamashmus MA. Ocular complications of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis in Yemen. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2011;25:291-294.
[5]. Kawuma M. The clinical picture of vernal kerato-conjunctivitis in Uganda. Community Eye Health 2001;14:66-67

Abstract: Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and Blood Clot in Regenerative Endodontic Procedures (REP) of mature nonvital permanent teeth with or without periapical pathology. Material and Methods: After gaining access, root canals were cleaned & irrigated with 1.5% NaOCL & saline, filled with Ca(OH)2 and sealed with cavit. On 2nd appointment irrigation was done with 1.5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA , finally with normal saline. Autologous PRP was injected....

Keywords: REPs, blood Clot, PRP, CBCT

[1]. Murray PE, Garcia-Godoy F, Hargreaves KM. Regenerative endodontics: A review of current status and a call for action. J Endod. 2007; 33: 377-90.
[2]. Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp eleventh edition-Hargreaves K. & Berman L.
[3]. Hacer Aksel et al: Dentin conditioning protocol for regenerative endodontic Procedures, Journal of Endodontics (2020), JOEN 4553
[4]. Hakan Arslan et al: Regenerative Endodontic Procedures in Necrotic Mature Teeth with Periapical Radiolucencies: A Preliminary Randomized Clinical Study: JOE- Volume 45, Number 7, July 2019
[5]. David E. Martin et al: Concentration-dependent Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite on Stem Cells of Apical Papilla Survival and Differentiation, JOE — Volume 40, Number 1, January 2014

Abstract: Background: Epidural anaesthesia is an effective method of providing anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia, which produces intraoperative hemodynamic stability along with reduced perioperative stress response. Adding adjuvants like opioids and alpha 2 agonists to local anaesthetics through intrathecal or epidural routes helps to provide dose sparing effect and improve the quality of analgesia. Objective: This study was done to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl, when used as adjuvants to 0.5% levobupivacaine for epidural anaesthesia in patients undergoing infraumbilical surgeries.......

Keywords: Comparative study, Epidural Anaesthesia, Efficacy, Fentanyl, Infraumbilical surgeries, Levobupivacaine,

[1]. 1.Arunkumar S, Hemanth Kumar VR, Krishnaveni N, Ravishankar M, Jaya V, Aruloli M. Comparison of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine for epidural anaesthesia in lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Saudi J Anaesth 2015; 9:404-8. [2]. Mcleod GA, Burke D. Levobupivacaine. Anaesthesia 2001; 56:331-41. [3]. Casati A, Baciarello M. Enantiomeric local anesthetics: can ropivacaine and Levobupivacaine improve our practice? Curr Drug Ther 2006; 1:85-9 [4]. Crina L Burlacu, Donal J Buggy. Update on local anaesthetics: focus on levobupivacaine. Therapeutics and clinical risk management 2008:4:381-392. [5]. Gabriel JS, Cordin V. Alpha 2 agonists in regional anaesthesia and analgesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2001; 14:751-3.