iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2023

Abstract: Background: Salivary gland tumors form nearly 3% of head and neck tumors. Due to their large histological variety and vicinity to facial nerves, pre-operative diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant parotid tumors are a major challenge for radiologists. Objective & Methods: Functional MRI techniques, namely dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE-) MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) can indicate the characteristics of tumor tissue. DCE-MRI analysis is based on the parameters of time intensity curve (TIC) before and after contrast agent injection. This method has the potential to identify the angiogenesis of tumors. DWI analysis is performed according to diffusion of water molecules in a tissue for determination.......

Keywords: DCE-MRI, DWI, Salivary Gland Tumors, MRI

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[5]. Yabuuchi H, Fukuya T, Tajima T, Hachitanda Y, Tomita K, Koga M. Salivary gland tumors: diagnostic value of gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging with histopathologic correlation. Radiology 2003; 226:345-54.

Abstract: Cervical cancer is a common gynecological malignancy and a frequent cause of death. Patient outcome depends on tumor stage, size, nodal status, and histological grade. Correct tumor staging is important to decide the the treatment strategy. Magnetic Resonance Imaging is accepted as a preferred imaging modality to assess the prognostic factors.

Keywords: Carcinoma; cervix; MRI; staging

[1]. 1.Haldorsen IS, Lura N, Blaakær J, Fischerova D, Werner HMJ. What Is the Role of Imaging at Primary Diagnostic Work-Up in Uterine Cervical Cancer? CurrOncol Rep. 2019 Jul 29;21(9):77. doi: 10.1007/s11912-019-0824-0. PMID: 31359169; PMCID: PMC6663927.
[2]. Rauch GM, Kaur H, Choi H, Ernst RD, Klopp AH, Boonsirikamchai P, Westin SN, Marcal LP. Optimization of MR imaging for pretreatmentevaluation of patients with endometrial and cervical cancer. Radiographics. 2014 Jul-Aug;34(4):1082-98. doi: 10.1148/rg.344140001. PMID: 25019443; PMCID: PMC4307629.
[3]. Chiang SH, Quek ST. Carcinoma of the cervix: role of MR imaging. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2003 Jul;32(4):550-6. PMID: 12968563.
[4]. Boss EA, Barentsz JO, Massuger LF, Boonstra H. The role of MR imaging in invasive cervical carcinoma. EurRadiol. 2000;10(2):256-70. doi: 10.1007/s003300050042. PMID: 10663755.

Abstract: Brain infarction leads to high mortality and morbidity.The quick and precise radiological diagnosis is an important factor when analysing the timing and assessing the stages of brain infarction. Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) has emerged as an important tool in early diagnosis of brain infarction in recent years.The present study is to analyse changes in the values of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and relative ADC (rADC) at various time points after brain infarction as well as multiple brain regions to learn whether the ADC evaluation could be useful in the clinical diagnosis of severity and management of brain infarction..

Keywords: DWI, rADC, ADC

[1]. Okorie CK, Ogbole GI, Owolabi MO,A. Role of Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Acute Stroke Management using Low-field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Resource-limited Settings. West Afr J Radiol. 2015 Jul-Dec;22(2):61-66. doi: 10.4103/1115-3474.162168. Epub 2015 Nov 16. PMID: 26709342; PMCID: PMC4689208.
[2]. Shen JM, Xia XW, Kang WG, The use of MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in monitoring the development of brain infarction. BMC Med Imaging. 2011 Jan 6;11:2. doi: 10.1186/1471-2342-11-2. PMID: 21211049; PMCID: PMC3022840.
[3]. Pantano P, Totaro P, Raz E. Cerebrovascular diseases. Neurol Sci. 2008 Oct;29 Suppl 3:314-8. doi: 10.1007/s10072-008-1006-2. PMID: 18941721.
[4]. SchaeferPW,CopenWA,LevMH,GonzalezRG.Diffusion-weightedimaginginacute stroke. NeuroimagingClin N Am. 2005;15:503-30.

Abstract: Tripathi KD (1985) in his Essentials of Medical Pharmacology 5th edition, mentioned metronidazole is a nitroimidazole compound that exhibits broad spectrum of activity against protozoa and anaerobic bacteria.Metronidazole is selectively toxic to anaerobic microorganisms. Its nitro group is reduced by certain redox proteins to highly reactive nitro radical after entering the cell. It binds to the DNA, disrupts the helical structure and lead to rapid cell death. Tetracycline, which includes doxycycline and minocycline are primarily bacteriostatic, inhibiting protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomes in susceptible organism. They exhibit broad spectrum of activity against.........

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[4]. Cruz EV Kota K, HuqueJ, Iwaku M, Hoshino E Penetration of propylene glycol through dentine. IntEndod J 2002; 35,330-6.
[5]. Takushige T, Cruz EV, Moral A Hoshino E. Endodontic treatment of primary teeth using a combination of antibacterial drugs. Int. Endod J. 2004;37:132–8. )

Abstract: Background: Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is an adjunct sequence to DCE-MRI of breast imaging in differentiating benign and malignant findings. Many previous studies have established that malignant lesion shave low ADC values than benign lesions. DWI is sensitive to microstructural tissue properties including cell density, cellular organization, and cell membrane integrity. ADC mapping helps in identifying pathological lesion sin the breast. Due to increased cellularity and more restricted diffusion, malignant breast lesions commonly exhibit hyperintense signal on DWI with low ADC values relative to normal breast parenchyma. These ADC value can be taken in to account inspeculating molecular subtype and nuclear grade.......

Keywords: DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC),nuclear grade, molecular subtypes, breast cancer (BC), luminal type A, luminal type B, Her2 enriched, Basal like, triple negative, dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)

[1]. Trap I. Le Blanc SM, David J Lalonde L, Tran- Thanh D, Labelle M, et al. Molecular classification of infiltrating breast cancer: toward personalized therapy. Radiographics. 2014 34:1178-1195.
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[5]. Almir GV Bitencourt, Nara P Pereira, Luciana K L Franca, Caroline B Silva, Jociana Paludo. Role of MRI in staging of breast cancer patient: does histological type and molecular subtype matter? Br J Radiol. 2015. 88: 20150458.

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study wasto determine the prevalence of radix entomolarisand their correlations between female and male patients and the right-side and left-side in mandibular first molar byusing periapical radiographs in a subpopulation of central kerala. Materials and Methods:560 mandibular molars was evaluated for the presence of a radix endomolaris using intraoral periapical digital radiography. These patients had reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PSM Dental College, to seek treatment from 2021 to 2022. Screening identified 464subjects (205 male and 259 female) with bilateral permanent mandibular first molars . The total incidence of 3-rooted mandibular first molars....

Keywords: radixendomolaris,

[1]. Chandra SS, Chandra S, Shankar P, Indira R. Prevalence of radix endomolaris in mandibular permanent first molars: a study in a South Indian population. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 2011 Sep 1;112(3):e77-82.
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[3]. Dube M, Trivedi P, Pandya M, Kumari M. Incidence of radix entomolaris in the Indian population—an in vitro and in vivo analysis. J Int Oral Health. 2011 Oct 1;3:35-45.
[4]. De Moor RJ, Deroose CA, Calberson FL. The radix entomolaris in mandibular first molars: an endodontic challenge. Int Endod J2004;37:789-99
[5]. Duman SB, Duman S, Bayrakdar IS, Yasa Y, Gumussoy I. Evaluation of radix entomolaris in mandibular first and second molars using cone-beam computed tomography and review of the literature. Oral radiology. 2020 Oct;36:320-6.

Abstract: Aim: The main aim of the present study was to recognize the spectrum of bacteria associated with CSOM, their antibiogram and to detect the biofilm formation. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital. Patients between age 6 months -71 years clinically diagnosed with CSOM, approaching for treatment were included. Discharge was collected from the deeper aspect of external auditory meatus and processed using standard techniques for culture and sensitivity. Biofilm.....

Keywords: Bacteriological profile, chronic suppurative otitis media, antibiogram and biofilm detection

[1]. Mariam, Khalil A., Ahsanullah M., Mehtab J. , Raja I., Gulab S. , Farmanullah and Abdul L. Prevalence of Bacteria in Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patients and Their Sensitivity Patterns Against Various Antibiotics in Human Population of Gilgit. Pakistan J. Zool. 2013; vol. 45(6): 1647-1653.
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[3]. Garud Sachin, Buche A ,Keche P, Chamania G. Socioeconomic impact on prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media in school going children in a Tribal district of India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2017; 6(4):699-702.
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[5]. Kombade S P, Kaur N, Patro SK, Nag VL. Clinicobacteriological and antibiotic drug resistance profile of chronic suppurative otitis media at a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021;10(7):2572.

Abstract: Background: Traditionally, the postoperative management undergoing gastrointestinal surgery has been to keep them "nil per mouth" and provide gastric decompression via a nasogastric tube until the postoperative ileus resolves and bowel function resumes and to protect the anastomotic repair. But on the other hand "nil per mouth" i.e. delayed feeding causes reduced gastric emptying, altered upper GI dynamics, reduced substrate in the gut, reduced biosynthesis and also villous atrophy with immunological incompetence. Aim and objectives: To compare the outcome of the early versus delayed enteral feeding with respect to of tolerance to feeding, serum albumin....

Keywords: Early enteral feeding, Delayed enteral feeding, Gut perforation

[1]. Bankhead R, Boullata J, Brantley S, Corkins M, Guenter P, Krenitsky J, Lyman B, Metheny NA, Mueller C, Robbins S, Wessel J. ASPEN enteral nutrition practice recommendations. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2009 Mar;33(2):122-67.
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[5]. KHAN AI, MASOOD N, ILYAS U, RAZA Z, KHAN J. Comparative Analysis of Early versus Late Enteral Feeding after Gastrointestinal Surgeries. P J M H S. 2021 Aug;15(8):2050-2053

Abstract: Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome is characterized by long-standing history of hypothyroidism, high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, unilateral or bilateral ovarian cysts, delayed bone age and precocious puberty but lacking pubic and axillary hair growth. All of the features can be reversed with treatment of the underlying hypothyroidism with thyroxine.Two cases having features of Van Wyk and Grumbach syndrome suspected on radiological imaging and confirmed with clinical findings and raised levels of TSH hormone are discussed here. Both the patients promptly responded to L-thyroxine with regression of the ovarian cysts and other symptoms. This case series highlight the importance of radiology in clinching this rare diagnosis.

Keywords: Enlarged multicystic ovaries, Computed tomography, Hypothyroidism, MRI, Precocious puberty, Pituitary hyperplasia, Radiological Imaging, USG

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Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of the pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical artery (UA) and that of the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA), as well as the ratio of the MCA PI to the UA PI (C/U ratio), in the diagnosis of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses and in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprised 80 pregnancies of 30-41 weeks gestation that had been diagnosed clinically as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) over a period of 1 year. The UA PI and the MCA PI as well as the C/U ratio were calculated.......

KEYWORDS: Intrauterine growth retardation; middle cerebral artery pulsatility index; middle cerebral artery to umbilical artery pulsatility index ratio

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Abstract: A 47-year-old patient with no pathological history, who consulted urgently for a painful red eye with reduced visual acuity, after contusive ocular trauma in his left eye, one day before his admission to the emergency room. Ophthalmological examinationrevealed a limited visual acuity to detect hand motions, palpebral echymosis and the intraocular pressure was 28 mmHg. Slit lamp examination showed complete lens dislocation in the anterior chamber with an intact capsule and vitreous prolapse; the cornea was clear......

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Abstract: 8 years old child, with no family history of ocular disease or congenital anomalies, who consulted for convergent strabismus in his left eye. The best corrected visual acuity was 2/10in the left eye and 10/10 in the right eye. Slit lamp examination, intraocular pressures, and motility were normal in both eyes, fundus examination of the left eye showed a large excavated discpartially occupied by glial tissue with peripapillary chorioretinalpigmentation. The blood vessels were supernumerary and spread radially from the disc.......

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