iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2023

Abstract: Background: Myocardial pathologies are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients worldwide. Ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies have become worldwide epidemic of the 21st century with an increasing impact on health care system. Cardiomyopathies are defined as a heterogenous group of myocardial diseases associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction,which may be accompanied by hypertrophy or dilatation, having various causes, often genetic, in the abscence of hypertension, valvular disease, coronary artery disease and congenital heart disease. Cardiac MRI allows accurate assessment of myocardial anatomy, function, perfusion, and.....

Keywords : Cardiac MRI, Cardiomyopathies, Late Gadolinium enhancement, Viability

[1]. Chaturvedi V, Parakh N, Seth S, Bhargava B, Ramakrishnan S, Roy A, Saxena A, Gupta N, Misra P, Rai SK, Anand K. Heart failure in India: the INDUS (INDiaukieri study) study. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences. 2016;2(1):28-35.
[2]. Miller S, Simonetti OP, Carr J, Kramer U, Finn JP. MR imaging of the heart with cine true fast imaging with steady-state precession: influence of spatial and temporal resolutions on left ventricular functional parameters. Radiology. 2002 Apr;223(1):263-9.
[3]. Isbell DC, Kramer CM. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: structure, function, perfusion, and viability. Journal of nuclear cardiology. 2005 May;12(3):324-36.
[4]. Grothues F, Smith GC, Moon JC, Bellenger NG, Collins P, Klein HU, Pennell DJ. Comparison of interstudy reproducibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance with two-dimensional echocardiography in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy. The American journal of cardiology. 2002 Jul 1;90(1):29-34.
[5]. Zerhouni EA, Parish DM, Rogers WJ, Yang A, Shapiro EP. Human heart: tagging with MR imaging--a method for noninvasive assessment of myocardial motion. Radiology. 1988 Oct;169(1):59-63.

Abstract: I read with great interest the article published in your esteemed journal- "Dr. Anubhav Das Adhikari, et. al. "Osteomyelitis of the palate: A case report of a rare case." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS), 22(3), 2023, pp. 57-59". However, author has missed on various aspects of this useful information. I feel, it is pertinent for the readers to update their knowledge on certain issues, which authors have missed inadvertently to give justice to the readers of this esteemed journal. Osteomyelitis typically appears during the 5th and 6th decades of life. Osteomyelitis of maxilla was originally described by Rees....

[1]. Manimaran K, Suresh Kannan P, Kannan R. Osteomyelitis of maxilla bilateral involvement A case report. JIADS.April-June 2011; 2[2]:57-8
[2]. S P Lumba, A Nirola, B S Grewal. Healed osteomyelitis of Maxilla with tooth in the floor of nose. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. August 1971; 85[08] :877-9
[3]. Habib A, Sivaji N, Ashraf T: Maxillary osteomyelitis: a rare entity. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2016, 2016:9723806.
[4]. S R Rege, K L Shah, P T Marfatia. Osteomyelitis of maxilla with extrusion of teeth in the floor of the nose requiring extraction. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. May 1970; 84[05]:533-5
[5]. Lew D, Waldvogel F. Osteomyelitis. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 99..

Abstract: The most common and distressing symptoms following surgery and anesthesia are pain, nausea, and vomiting. Pain causes suffering and draws first attention. Sometimes nausea and vomiting may be more distressing especially after minor and ambulatory surgery, delaying the hospital discharge (1). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting is still very high despite few newer medication, in the range of 20-30%. The etiology and consequences of PONV are complex and multifactorial with patients' medical- and surgery-related factors. A thorough understanding of these factors, as well as the neuropharmacology of multiple emetic receptors and physiology relating to PONV is necessary to manage PONV (2). Dexamethasone was first reported to be an effective antiemetic agent in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy in 1981. Since then randomized, placebo.....

Keywords: Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, Postoperative nausea and vomiting

[1]. Barnes J. Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2020 Jun 2;81(6):1–3.
[2]. Schlesinger T, Meybohm P, Kranke P. Postoperative nausea and vomiting: risk factors, prediction tools, and algorithms. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2023 Feb 1;36(1):117–23.
[3]. Jin Z, Gan TJ, Bergese SD. Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV): A Review of Current Recommendations and Emerging Therapies. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2020;16:1305–17.
[4]. Henzi I, Walder B, Tramèr MR. Dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a quantitative systematic review. Anesth Analg. 2000 Jan;90(1):186–94.
[5]. De Oliveira GS, Castro-Alves LJS, Ahmad S, Kendall MC, McCarthy RJ. Dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg. 2013 Jan;116(1):58–74.
[6]. Rajan N, Joshi GP. Management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults: current controversies. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2021 Dec 1;34(6):695–702.

Abstract: Introduction: Amyloid is a protein mucopolysaccharide structure. It appears as a hyaline homogenous, acellular substance. In liver, it may get deposited in blood vessels, sinusoids, bile ductules and liver parenchyma. Current patient was a female, aged 43 years. Microscopic examination of liver showed massive deposition of amyloid in perisinusoidal region. Sinusoidal dilatation, ballooning and atrophy of hepatocytes were also seen. At several places, hepatocytes had disappeared and were replaced by amyloid. In addition, dense lymphocytic infiltration was seen in portal tract. Thick bands of fibrosis were also seen......

Keywords: Congo red positive Amyloid deposition, chronic hepatitis, massive hepatic fibrosis

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Abstract: In brachial plexus blocking, a variety of methods and procedures are available. This study focuses on one of them, the supraclavicular method. Several investigations have been conducted on the supra clavicular method. Many research have focused on local anaesthetics, the various concentrations that are utilised, and the resulting effects on patients. Adjuvants are simply the medications that are added to local anaesthetics in order to hasten the onset of blockage, prolong block duration, or enhance blockage quality(1). Few drugs that are used as adjuvants are Epinephrine, sodium bicarbonate, clonidine, dexamethasone, tramadol,dexmedetomidine, butorphanol.......

Keywords: Buprenorphine, Clonidine, Bupivacaine, Supraclavicular block

[1]. D'Souza RS, Johnson RL. Supraclavicular Block. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 9]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519056/
[2]. Baloda R, Bhupal JPS, Kumar P, Gandhi GS. Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block With or Without Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to 0.5% Levobupivacaine: A Comparative Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Jun;10(6):UC09-12.
[3]. Vadhanan P, Ganesh N, Ahmed MIH. Comparison of Dexamethasone and Buprenorphine as Adjuvant in Ultrasound-guided Brachial Plexus Blocks: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2018;12(1):176–9.
[4]. Joshi SA, Sheth1 RA, Joshi2* SA, Pandya3 M, Internationals O. Comparative study of Nalbuphine and Buprenorphine as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Journal of Anesthesia and Surgery. 2019 Sep 19;6(1):31–7.
[5]. Hrishi AP, Rao G, Lionel KR. Efficacy of Clonidine as an Additive on the Duration of Action of Brachial Plexus Block Performed Under Ultrasound and Nerve Locator Guidance: A Prospective Randomized Study. Anesth Essays Res. 2019;13(1):105–10...

Abstract: INTRODUCTION :N-Terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) is a prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide produced primarily within heart and released into circulation in response to increased wall tension. Previous studies have shown increased plasma concentration of BNP in some patients of liver cirrhosis where renin angiotensin system is activated even in absence of LV clinical dysfunction. Because they seem to be related to severity of liver....

[1]. . Kowalski HJ, Abelmann WH. The cardiac output at rest in Laennec's cirrhosis. J Clin Invest 1953;32:1025–33.
[2]. Varun Bogadi, Mohammed Saad Uddin Azmi, K. Panduranga Rao, B. Prabhakar, B. Ramesh Kumar, Vivek Sagar P, D. Rahul, K. Ravikanth."Serum Pro–Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Pro-BNP) in patients with Cirrhosis : Relation to Cardiac Dysfunction and Severity of Disease." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2015; Vol. 4, Issue 96, November 30; Page: 16150-16154, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2015/2369
[3]. Henriksen JH, Gøtze JP, Fuglsang S, Christensen E, Bendtsen F, and Møller S. "Increased circulating ProBrain Natriuretic Peptide (pro-BNP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) in patients with cirrhosis: Relation to cardiovascular dysfunction and severity of disease." Gut, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 1511–1517, 2003
[4]. KinnenenP ,Verolteenalo O, Puskoahoff Mechanism of atrial and brain natriuretic peptide release from ventricular myocardium

Abstract: Aim of the study:evaluation of efficacy of buccal infiltration anesthesia using 4% articaine compared to inferior alveolar nerve block using mepivacaine Hcl 2% in mandibular primary second molar pulpotomy regarding pain and behavior management.
Method:Fifty patients aged 7-9 years old,who needed pulpotomy for both mandibular 2ndprimary molars were selected from the Pediatric Dental Clinic, Faculty of dentistry, Mansoura University. Eachchild chose an envelope from previously prepared 50 envelopes to be assigned for articaine buccal infiltration or mepivacaine using inferior alveolar nerve.......

Keywords: articaine; infiltration; mepivacine; nerve block

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[3]. Martin E, Nimmo A, Lee A, Jennings E. Articaine in dentistry: an overview of the evidence and meta-analysis of the latest randomised controlled trials on articaine safety and efficacy compared to lidocaine for routine dental treatment. BDJ open. 2021 Jul 17;7(1):27.
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Abstract: Background andpurpose;-The purpose of the study is to compare maternal and foetal outcomes among Subclinical Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Pregnant Women. Materials and Methods: Study design: Case control study, Tata steel Mines Hospital, Joda, District- Keonjhar, Odisha, Period of study: December 2020 to december2022. Study participants: Pregnant women of age group >18 years Inclusion criteria -Case: Newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroid cases. Control: Euthyroid pregnant women matched for age, parity and previous LSCS. Sample size: A convenience sample of 120 case and equal number of controls were enrolled. Sampling method: About 900 pregnant......

KEYWORDS: subclinical hypothyroid, preterm labour, euthyroid, foetal hypoxia, LBW, low birth weight, PIH, pregnancy induced hypertension, CS, caesarean section

[1]. Singh A, Pedduri S. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy. ObsGyne Review: J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;4(4):77–81.
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[5]. Manju VK, et al. Maternal outcome in thyroid dysfunction. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017;6(6):2361–5..

Abstract: Hepatic cirrhosis is a clinical condition that is frequently seen. Several assays, including as serum albumin levels, PT, INR, serum bilirubin, and aminotransferases, are used in its therapy. Serum cholinesterase has been investigated as a measure of liver function in this regard since the early 1950s(1). It was discovered that serum cholinesterase originates from the liver and so represents hepatic function. It can compensate for some of the limitations of the standard liver function tests(2). For instance, albumin or fresh frozen plasma transfusions have no effect on its levels. Several studies have demonstrated that it aids in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis as well as the evaluation of its severity....

[1]. Burnett W. An assessment of the value of serum cholinesterase as a liver function test and in the diagnosis of jaundice. Gut. 1960 Dec;1(4):294–302.
[2]. El-sayed H t AH, Mohamed EF, Ahmed KY, ElBagoury IMS. The Crucial Prognostic Role of Serum Cholinesterase in Detecting Liver Disease. Clinical Medicine and Diagnostics. 2019;9(3):41–6.
[3]. Sharma A, Nagalli S. Chronic Liver Disease. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 14]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554597/
[4]. Ramachandran J, Sajith KG, Priya S, Dutta AK, Balasubramanian KA. Serum cholinesterase is an excellent biomarker of liver cirrhosis. Trop Gastroenterol. 2014;35(1):15–20.
[5]. Meng F, Yin X, Ma X, Guo XD, Jin B, Li H. Assessment of the value of serum cholinesterase as a liver function test for cirrhotic patients. Biomed Rep. 2013 Mar;1(2):265–8.

Abstract: In order to facilitate surgery and lessen the need for bleeding and transfusions, controlled hypotension, also known as induced hypotension, is a technique in which the arterial blood pressure is reduced in a predictable and intentional manner. Controlled hypotension's primary goals are to reduce intraoperative blood loss and enhance surgical field visibility is surgeries like Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)(1,2). In order to achieve regulated hypotension, dexmedetomidine, a centrally acting -2 agonist, has been employed. Dexmedetomidine has very advantageous......

Key words: Dexmedetomidine, Esmolol, Hypotension, FESS

[1]. Sidiropoulou T, Tsoumpa M, Griva P, Galarioti V, Matsota P. Prediction and Prevention of Intraoperative Hypotension with the Hypotension Prediction Index: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med. 2022 Sep 22;11(19):5551.
[2]. Bhanu C, Nimmons D, Petersen I, Orlu M, Davis D, Hussain H, et al. Drug-induced orthostatic hypotension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS Med. 2021 Nov;18(11):e1003821.
[3]. Lee S. Dexmedetomidine: present and future directions. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2019 Aug;72(4):323–30.
[4]. Pevtsov A, Kerndt CC, Ahmed I, Fredlund KL. Esmolol. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 17]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK518965/
[5]. Erbesler ZA, Bakan N, Yilmaz Karaoren G, Erkmen MA. The Comparison Of The Effects Of Esmolol And Dexmedetomidine On The Clinic And Cost For The Controlled Hypotensive Anaesthesia. Turk J Anesth Reanim. 2013 Oct 11;41(5):156–61.
[6]. Reddy SV, Balaji D, Ahmed SN. Dexmedetomidine versus esmolol to attenuate the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: A randomized double-blind clinical study. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2014 Jul;4(2):95–100.

Abstract: Background: : Hyponatremia has been shown to be a predictor of cardiovascular mortality among patients with heart failure. In fact, the neurohormonal activation that accompanies acute myocardial infarction is similar to that which accompanies heart failure.Hence we aimed to investigate the prognostic importance of hyponatremia in the setting of acute ST elevation MI and to determine its usefulness in predicting short-term survival. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on patients presenting with acute ST-elevation Myocardial infarction coming to HSK hospital fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria.The sampling methodwasHospital-based Case series...

Key Word: .Acute myocardial infarction,Hyponatremia

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Abstract: AIM-To study peritoneal fluid culture and its antibiotics sensitivity in perforation peritonitis cases at SMS Hospital, Jaipur. METHODS- patient presenting to the emergency department of SMS hospital,Jaipur with hollow viscous perforation ,above 14 years of age ,were planned for exploratory laparotomy and the peritoneal fluid collected was sent for microbial culture and sensitivity. RESULTS- This study showed most common site of perforation as ileum,followed by stomach. The most common bacteria grown was E.....

Keywords: Perforation peritonitis, peritoneal fluid culture, antibiotic sensitivity, Tigecycline, Imipenem, Amikacin

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