iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2018

Abstract: Posterior segment Ocular manifestations among children are diverse and global. At this age, eye lesions are often unnoticed because of the incapacity to express eye discomfort and lack of availability of experienced posterior segment eye specialists. The purpose of this study is to describe posterior segment ocular manifestations among children and hence associated factors in the Department of Ophthalmology at the JLN Hospital, Ajmer (Rajasthan) which is a tertiary eye care centre in central Rajasthan, India. This is prospective study conducted between 1st September 2015 and 30th march 2017. A complete ophthalmic examination was done to all children attending the Retina clinic, as part of their routine medical visit.

Key Words: Fundus changes in children, Congenital retinal disorders, Berlin's edema

[1]. Deboharah Pavan Langston ; refractive errors and clinical optics in manual of ocular diagnosis and therapy. 3rd edition, p-361-388,Lippincot William and Wilkins Philadelphia, 2002
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[4]. Gopal L, Khan B, Jain S, Prakash VS. A clinical and optical coherence tomography study of the margins of choroidal coloboms. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 571-580.
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Abstract: : Peritonitis is defined as an inflammation of the serosal membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and the organs contained in it. Its a life threatening condition having significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis is based on clinical background, Plain X-ray abdomen, Ultrasound and CT scan with Local and systemic findings. Our prospective observational study was carried out on such patients admitted in Department of Surgery from 1st Dec 2015 to 31st of March 2017 to assess disease's morbidity & mortality. A total of 51 patients were in this study. Our study concluded that delay in presentation, hypotension at time of admission, hypoalbumenia, site of perforation and type of operative procedure performed are significant factors affecting the morbidity and mortality in case of perforation peritonitis Simple repair is the recommended procedure in most of the cases, but more definite resection and anastasmosis can be justified in patient with favourable outcome. In gross peritoneal contamination, stoma formation should be procedure of choice.

[1]. Waqer S, Malik Z, Razzaq A, et al.: Frequency and risk factors for wound dehiscence/burst abdomen in midline laparotomies. Journal Ayub Med Coll 2005, 17(4):70-73.
[2]. Spiliotis J, Konstantino S, Tsiveriotis, Datsis AD, Archodaula, Georgios et al. Wound Dehiscence. World Journal of Emergency surgery 2009;4:12.
[3]. Gabrie¨lle H. van Ramshorst • Jeroen Nieuwenhuizen •Wim C. J. Hop •Pauline Arends • Johan Boom . Johannes Jeekel • Johan F. Lange. Abdominal Wound Dehiscence in Adults: Developmentand Validation of a Risk Model.World J Surg (2010) 34:20–27.
[4]. Afzal S., Bashir M.M. Determinants of Wound Dehiscence in Abdominal Surgery in Public Sector Hospital. Annals vol14. NO. 3 jul-sept. 2008
[5]. Granam DJ, Stevenson JT, Mettenry CR. Association of intrabdominal infections and abdominal wound dehiscence. Am Surg 1998 Jul;64 (7):660-5.

Abstract: Dry eye syndrome (DES) or keratoconjunctivitissicca (KCS) is a common disorder of the tear film caused by decreased tear production or increased evaporation and manifests with a wide variety of signs and symptoms. The present review from interpretation of the literature gives detailed information on the causes, diagnostic tests, and medical management of dry eye disease. A number of systems contribute to the physiological integrity of the ocular surface and disruption of system, may or may not produce symptoms. Therefore accurate diagnosis of dry eyes with no or minimal disruption of physiological function is necessary. Due to the wide prevalence and number of factors involved, more sensitive diagnostic techniques and novel therapeutic agents have been developed to provide ocular delivery systems with high therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this review is to provide awareness among the patients, health care professionals, and researchers about diagnosis and treatment of KCS and recent developments and future challenges in management of dry eye disease..

Keywords: Dry eye syndrome, keratoconjunctivitissicca, tear film

[1]. Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J. 1995;21:221–232. [PubMed]

[2]. Lemp MA, Chacko B. Diagnosis and treatment of tear deficiencies. In: Tasman W, Jaeger E, editors. Duane's Clinical Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Harper and Row; 1997.

[3]. Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, Gao J, Mircheff AK, Pflugfelder SC. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands. Cornea. 1998;17:584–589. [PubMed]

[4]. M. Uchino, Y. Uchino, M. Dogru et al., "Dry eye disease and work productivity loss in visual display users: the Osaka study," The American Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 157, no. 2, pp. 294–300, 2014.

[5]. J. R. Grubbs Jr., S. Tolleson-Rinehart, K. Huynh, and R. M. Davis, "A review of quality of life measures in dry eye questionnaires," Cornea, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 215–218, 2014.

Abstract: Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare cuspal deflection of class II (MOD) bulk-fill Tetric EvoCeram, SonicFill bulk-fill resin composite, and layered Filtek Z250 resin composite restorations. Materials and Methods: Thirty MOD cavities were prepared in extracted human molar teeth. The cavities were divided into three groups (n=10) according to the restorative material used (Sonic fill, Tetric Evoceram Bulk fill and Filtek Z250). Cuspal deflection was evaluated using digital image correlation technique. Results: There were no significant differences (P<0.05) between the tested bulk fill restorative materials (Sonic Fill and Tetric Evoceram Bulk fill) and the conventional one (Filtek Z250). Conclusions: Bulk fill restorative materials (Sonic fill& Tetric Evoceram Bulk fill) showed cuspal deflection like that of conventional resin based composite..

Key words: Keywords: Bulk Fill, Cuspal deflection, Digital image correlation, Incremental.

[1]. Fleming GJ, Hall DP, Shortall AC, Burke FJ.Cuspal movement and microleakage in premolarteeth restored with posterior filling materials ofvarying reported volumetric shrinkage values. J Dent2005;33:139-146 .
[2]. Gamba J, Forchelet J, Cattani-Lorente M,Chatelain V, Krejci I, Bouillaguet S, Yverdon-lesbains.Cuspal deformation during light-curing ofresin-based restorative materials measured by (ESPI) Electronic Speckle PatternInterferometry.European Cells and Materials 2004; 7:3-32 .
[3]. Cara RR, Fleming GJ, Palin WM, WalmsleyAD, Burke FJ. Cuspal deflection and microleakage inpremolar teeth restored with resin-based compositeswith and without an intermediary flowable layer. JDent 2007; 35: 482-489.
[4]. Davidson CL, Feilzer AJ. Polymerization shrinkage and polymerization shrinkage stress in polymer-based restoratives. J Dent 1997; 25:435-440.
[5]. Lee IB, Cho BH, Son HH, Um CM. A new method to measure the polymerization shrinkage kinetics of light cured composites. J Oral Rehabil 2005; 32:304-314.

Abstract: 32 cases of intra cranial Brain Abscess (BA) depending on CT (Computerised Tomography) scan imaging were treated by emergency aspiration by a single burr hole and application of antibiotics into the cavity of abscess, till two consecutive negative aspirations were obtained. A combination of loop diuretics and antibiotics in appropriate doses were also given. The mortality rate with the procedure was nil and the morbidity rate being 12.5%.No role of corticosteroids (CS) in the management of brain abscess. Thus, emergency aspiration was found to be an effective mode of surgical management of brain abscess

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[3]. Heineman HS, Braude AI, Osterholm JL : Intracranial suppurative disease : Early presumptive diagnosis and successful treatment without surgery. JAMA 1971; 218 : 1542-1547.

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[5]. Duma CM, Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD : Image guided stereotactic treatment of non-AIDS-related cerebral infection. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1992; 3(2) : 291-302.....

Abstract: Cerebrovascular diseases include some of the most common and devastating disorders. On the other hand, Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a physiological variable of haemostatic importance. Ischemic stroke is thought to occur as a result of thrombotic occlusion of a stenosed atherosclerotic blood vessel. Platelets are anucleate cells and are heterogeneous regarding their size, density &hemostatic potential. They play a crucial role in pathogenesis of atherosclerotic complications, contributing to thrombus formation. A morphological consideration of platelets has important implications for both interpreting the functional expression of platelets & experimental measurement of platelet size. Though there have been quite a few studies which have demonstrated an association between myocardial infarction and platelet size, very few studies have looked at the association between platelet size and...........

[1]. O'Malley T, Langhorne P, Elton R, Stewart C. Platelet size in stroke patients. Stroke 1995;26:995–999.
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[3]. Ross R. Cell biology of atherosclerosis. Annual Review of Physiology 1995;57:791-804 .
[4]. Bath P, Algert C, Chapman N, Neal B. Association of mean platelet volume with risk of stroke among 3134 individuals with history of cerebrovascular diseases. Stroke 2004;35:622-626.
[5]. D'Erasmo E, Aliberti G, Celi F. Platelet count, mean platelet volume and their relation to prognosis in cerebral infarction. Journal of Internal Medicine 1990;227:11–14...

Abstract: There is a link between unfavorable living conditions and child cognition. However, no such study has been conducted in our community. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of socioeconomic status and preschool attendance on children's cognition profile in Lubumbashi, Katanga/ DRC. We enrolled 95 school-aged children (46 boys and 49 girls), 6 to 11 years living in the vicinity of a mining industry in Lubumbashi. The SES was assessed by the adapted Kuppuswamy's status scale constructed by parent's educational level, occupation of the main breadwinner and family incomes. We asked about being at preschool or not. Children cognition was assessed using Kauffman Assessment Battery for Children second edition (KABC-II). The association of KABC–II subtests with explanatory variables was...........

Key Words: Socioeconomic status, children school age, KABC-II, Lubumbashi/ Katanga/ DRC

[1]. Walker, S.P., et al., Inequality in early childhood: risk and protective factors for early child development. Lancet, 2011. 378(9799): p. 1325-38.
[2]. McCoy, D.C., et al., Early Childhood Developmental Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: National, Regional, and Global Prevalence Estimates Using Predictive Modeling. PLoS Med, 2016. 13(6): p. e1002034.
[3]. Stiles, J., et al., Cognitive development following early brain injury: evidence for neural adaptation. Trends Cogn Sci, 2005. 9(3): p. 136-43.
[4]. Tong, S., et al., Socioeconomic position, maternal IQ, home environment, and cognitive development. J Pediatr, 2007. 151(3): p. 284-8, 288.e1.
[5]. Black, M.M., et al., Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course. Lancet, 2017. 389(10064): p. 77-90..

Abstract: Restoration after caries development in posterior teeth is generally done with different restorative material which includes metallic and non-metallic materials like amalgam, gold, composite resin, glass ionomer and ceramic. Amalgam has its own disadvantages of unaesthetic appearance toxicity and for which tooth coloured restorations emerged with better aesthetic properties. Gold on the other hand is expensive, technique sensitive and has unaestetic gold hue which is unfavourable for restorations despite better physical properties. In recent years with advancement in restorative materials composite resins have undergone several modifications to improve its restorative properties like aesthetic, physical and mechanical properties. Similarly glass ionomer cements are also modified to achieve better restorative properties to increases fracture resistance of tooth. Z350 nanofill composite...........

Keywords - fracture resistance, Dental amalgam, Z350 composite resin, Cention-N, Class II cavity five key words in alphabetical order, separated by comma

[1] Joynt RB, Davis EL. Fracture resistance of posterior teeth restored with glass-ionomer-composite resin system, J Prosthet Dent. 1989; 62:28-31.
[2] Stephan EW, Staninec M, Lacy AM. Effect of bonded amalgam on the fracture resistance of teeth, J Prosthet Dent. 1992; 68:257-260.

[3] Hamouda IM. Fracture resistance of posterior teeth restored with modern restorative materials, J of Biomed Res. 2011; 25(6):418-424.
[4] Joynt RB, Wieczkowski G Jr, Klockowski R, Davis EL. Effects of composite restoration on resistance to cuspal fracture in posterior teeth, J Prosthet Dent. 1987; 57:431- 435.
[5] Rezvani MB, Mohammadi Basir M, Mollaverdi F, Moradi Z, Sobout A. Comparison of the Effect of Direct and Indirect Composite Resin Restorations on the Fracture...

Abstract: Objective: To study the association of cord serum albumin (CSA) level with incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) in term neonates. Method: We conducted a prospective study on 100 sequentially born term babies. Cord blood collected at birth was analyzed for estimation of serum albumin. After a follow up of 3 days, venous sample was taken at 72 hrs of age and analyzed for total serum bilirubin (TSB) level. A value of TSB ≥17 mg/dl at 72 hours of life was taken as significant NNH. Neonates were divided into 3 groups according to their cord serum albumin (CSA) levels; group A with CSA <2.8 gm/dl, group B with CSA 2.8-3.3 gm/dl and group C with CSA >3.3 gm/dl and incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia was studied in all these groups. Results: There were 13 neonates in groups A , 57 in group B and 30 in group C. Out of 13 neonates in group A, 5 (38.5%) developed significant NNH; in group...........

Keywords: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, Cord serum albumin, Total serum bilirubin.

[1] Gregory ML, Martin CR, Cloherty JP. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. In: Cloherty JP Eichenwald EC, Stark AR, editors. Manual of neonatal care. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Willkins; 2008. p. 304-339.
[2] Ambalavanan N, Carlo WA. Jaundice and Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn. In: Kliegman, Stanton, St. Geme, Schor, Behrman, editors. Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics 19th ed. Elsevier Saunders Company, 2011:603-607.
[3] Habib HS. Impact of discharge timings of healthy newborns on the rates and etiology of neonatal hospital readmissions. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2013; 23(10): 715-719.
[4] American Academy of Pediatrics. Sub-committee on hyperbilirubinaemia.Management of hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics 1004; 114(1): 297-316.
[5] Farhat R, Rajab M. Length of postnatal hospital stay in healthy newborns and rehospitalization following early discharge. N Am J Med Sci. 2011; 3(3): 146-151..

Abstract: Dental caries comprise the single most chronic disease affecting children today. Evidence increasingly suggests that for successful prevention of dental caries, preventive interactions must begin early. Gynecologists and pediatricians are more likely to see expecting mothers and infants much earlier than the dentist. They counsel mothers on nutrition, feeding practices and immunization. They also evaluate the overall health of expecting mothers. Thus, it is essential for these specialists to be aware of infectious nature of dental caries and its associated risk factors and make appropriate decisions regarding timely and effective intervention. Insufficient information about their role in prevention of dental caries led us to conduct a survey among pediatricians and gynecologists in Pune city to determine their knowledge, attitude and awareness towards oral health care of children..

Keywords: Gynecologists, Pediatricians, infant oral health, awareness.

[1]. Priya Subramaniam , KL Girish Babu ,P Suresh Babu , Premila Naidu Oral Health Care of Children: Gynecologists and Pediatricians' Perspective. J Clin Pediatr Dent 32(3): 253–258, 2008.

[2]. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Guideline on infant oral health care

[3]. Pediatr Dent, 34 (2012), pp. 132–136 (special issue

[4]. Chung MH, Kaste LM, Koerber A, Fadavi S, Punwani I. Dental and Medical Students Knowledge and Opinions of Infant Oral Health. J Dent Educ, 70: 5; 511–517, 2006.

[5]. Sanchez OM, Childers NK, Fox L, Bradely E; Physicians' views on pediatric preventive dental care. Ped Dent, 19: 377–383, 1991.

Abstract: Background Hydrocephalus affects people of all ages with variable effects.Globally, the burden of hydrocephalus in the paediatric population is high.Childhood hydrocephalus can be congenital or acquired.Shunts are, and will continue to be the primary treatment for hydrocephalus. There is paucity of work on the effectiveness of ventriculo-peritoneal shunting among patients with congenital and acquired hydrocephalus and this work aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt and compare it between patients with congenital hydrocephalus and patients with post-infective hydrocephalus. Method...........

Keywords: effectiveness, VP shunting, hydrocephalus, congenital, post-infective

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[4]. Rekate HL. The definition and classification of hydrocephalus: A personal recommendation to stimulate debate. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 2008;5:2.
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Abstract: Perforation peritonitis is one of the most common surgical emergency in India and one of its main cause is Typhoid caused by bacterium Salmonella typhi. The spread of infection is usually by faeco-oral route. In underdeveloped countries like India contamination of drinking water and of edibles are major source. Blood culture is the most important diagnostic method. A serological Widal test detects antibodies against bacteria. Surgical intervention has to be carried out as soon as possible. In our Prospective comparative study done in Department of general surgery in Jay Arogya Hospital and Kamla Raja Hospital associated with Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior (M.P.) from 01 july 2010 to 30 June 2011. 100 Patients was treated with different surgical management according..........

[1]. Eggleston FC, Santoshi B, Singh CM. Typhoid perforation of the bowel.Ann Surg. 1979:190:31-35.
[2]. Singh KP, Singh Kuldip, Kohli JS. Chose of surgical procedure in typhoid perforation : Experience in 42 cases. J Indian Med. Assoc. 1991:89:9: 255-56.
[3]. Wani RA, Parray FQ, Bhat NA, Wani MA, Bhat TH, Farzana F.Nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation. World J Emerg Surg. 2006 Mar 24-11:7.
[4]. Adesunkanmi ARK, Badmas TA, Fadiora FO, Agbakwuru EA Generalised peritonitis secondary to typhoid ileal perforation:Assesment of severity using modified APACHE II score. Indian J Surg 2005-167(1):29-33.
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Abstract: Objective: To compare the efficacy of Mifepristone and Dinoprostone as a cervical ripening agent for induction of labour and also on the status of newborn. Methods: It is a single blind prospective randomized comparative study.One hundred antenatal cases as per the inclusion and exclusion criterias selected. Fifty women received 200mg oral mifepristone as cases and fifty women received 0.5mg dinoprostone gel intracervically as control. Pre induction Bishop's score was assessed just before administration of the drug. Post induction Bishop's score was assessed after 6 hr. in dinoprostone group and after 24 hr. in mifepristone group or with onset of labour, whichever was earlier. Oxytocin augmentation was started in cases with unsatisfactory progress of labour. The newborn was examined immediately after birth, the Apgar score being determined at 5 minutes. Any fetal abnormalities occurring in hospital were noted. All maternal side-effects were recorded...........

Keywords: Mifepristone, Dinoprostone, Induction of labour.

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[2]. S Petrou, SE Taher, G Abangma, O Eddama, P Bennett. Cost- effectiveness analysis of prostaglandin E2 gel for the induction of labour at term. BJOG 2011; 118: 726-734.
[3]. G. K. Pandis, A.T. Papageorghiou, C. M. Otigbah, R. J. Howard and K. H.Nicolaides. Randomized study of vaginal misoprostol (PGE1) and dinoprostone gel (PGE2) for induction of labor at term. 2001; 629-635.
[4]. FrydmanR,Lelaidier C, Baton-Saint-Mleux C, Fernandez H, Vial M,Bourget P. Labor induction in women at term with mifepristone (RU 486): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Dec; 80(6):972-5.
[5]. Clark K., Ji, H., Feltovich, H., Janowski, J., Carroll, C., Chien, E.K., Am J ObstetGynecol 2006, 194, 1391-1398...