iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2018

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Octylcyanoacrylate is a liquid adhesive being used for the closure of lacerations and surgical incisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2-octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive (OCA) as a wound closure material in comparison to standard skin sutures (SWC) in closure of abdominal incisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a randomized prospective study of 200 patients, Group 1(n=100, incisions closed by SWC) & Group 2 (n=100, incisions closed using OCA). Wounds were evaluated for time of closure and wound complications (pain, inflammation, dehiscence, infection, haematoma) and cosmesis (wound closure/wound seal). The scar and the surface texture were evaluated only after a minimum follow up of one month post operatively..........

Key words: Wound closure; 2-Octylcyanoacrylate; Tissue Adhesive; Suture; Cosmesis; Complication.

[1] Ardis AEUS. Patents no. 2467926 and 2467927, 1949.
[2] Coover HN, Joyner FB, Sheerer NH, Wicker TH. Chemistry and performance of cyanoacrylate adhesive. Special Tech Papers. 1959;5:413-417.
[3] Reece TB, Maxey TS, Kran IL. A prospectus on tissue adhesives. Am J Surg. 2001;182:40-44.
[4] Toriumi DM, Raslan WF, Friedman M, Tardy ME. Histotoxicity of cyanoacryalte tissue adhesives. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1990;116:546-550.
[5] Perry LC. An Evaluation of Acute Incisional Strength with Traumaseal Surgical Tissue Adhesive Wound Closure. Leonia, NJ. Dimensional Analysis Systems Inc., 1995

Abstract: Background:Keeping in view of the importance of guided FNACs, the aims of the study were: 1.) To establish the incidence of guided FNACs in our institute. 2.) To find out utility, adequacy & usefulness of guided FNACs in our institute. 3.) To establish the spectrum of various benign & malignant disorders of different organs with the use of guided FNACs in our institute. 4.) To correlate guided FNACs with guided biopsies of different organs where-ever possible. Methods: It was a 3 and 1/2 years cross sectional, hospital based, retrospective study from January 2014 to June 2017 including 195 cases of guided FNACs of different organs.All the Guided FNACs were done by radiologist in radiology department of.........

Key Words: USG, CT, FNAC, H&E

[1] R.P.Kedar, V.H. Patel, S.A. Merchant, V Aggerwal, AA Pandit, Ultrasound guided aspiration cytology – a valuable diagnostic aid. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 1991; 37(2): 87-7.
[2] Sailesh Ray , Mimi Gangopadhyay, ArghyaBandyopadhyay, KaushikMajumdar, NilanjanaChaudhury, et al. USG guided FNAC of ovarian mass lesions: A cyto-histopathological correlation, with emphasis on its role in pre-operativemanagement guidelines. J Turk GerGynecol Assoc. 2014; 15(1): 6–2.
[3] Greogor Schafer, Alexander MM Eggerment, Christian A Voit, et al. Ultrasound – Guided FNAC Cytology of Lymph Nodes in Melanoma. Expert Rev Dermatol 2013; 8(2): 145-3.
[4] VK. Jain, M. Mishra, A.K Singh, S. Gupta, N. Jain, et al. Diagnostic Yield of Computed Tomography-guided Percutaneous Fine needle Aspiration Cytology of Radiological Suspected Cases of lung Mass Lesions. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2012;54:265-266
[5] Hemalatha A.L., SumanaSindhuram V., Sushma S., Suma J.K., Varna and AnubhaAditya, et al. Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration of cytology of Abdominal-Pelvic Masses- the pathologists' Perspective. Journal of clinical and Diagnostic Research.2013; 7(2): 273-7.

Abstract: Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the third most frequently reported nosocomial infection that accounts for 14% to 16% of all nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients. Patients with SSIs are 2-11 times higher risk of death, compared with operative patients without SSI. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the surgical site infection rate during hospitalization and also in post-discharge . Materials and Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted, comparing surgical site infection rates during hospitalization and the impact of post discharge reports through different methods in tertiary care hospital Shri Aurbindo Institute of medical sciences, Indore. Results: During patients' stay at Hospital , 2% of infections were detected before the 7th day after surgery. Regarding post-discharge detection, in hospital, the highest infection rates were found before the 14th day after surgery; 14%.

Key Words :Surgical site infections, Hospitalization, Post discharge patients, Surveillance, Nosocomial infections.

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[4] Wong ES. Surgical site infections. In: Mayhall CG, ed. Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control. 3rd ed. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins; 2004:287–10.
[5] Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 4(20):247-79..

Abstract: Objective: To establish the various endometrial causes of postmenopausal bleeding, through histopathological evaluation and to correlate the clinical and histopathological finding. Study Design: Prospective observational. Place and Duration of Study: The Dept of Pathology; V.S.S Medical college and Hospital, Burla, Sambalpur, 2 years duration. Methodology: A total of 105 consecutive hysterectomy specimens, endometrial biopsies and curettage samples specimens with history of postmenopausal bleeding were included. After microscopic examination, frequencies of histological findings........

Key words: Postmenopausal Bleeding, Endometrial polyp

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[2] Kumar P, Malhotra N. Menopause. In: Jeffcoat's principles of gynecology. 7th ed. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 2008 .p.862.
[3] Adams HIllard PJ. Benign diseases of the female reproductive tract. In: Berek JS, Rinehart RD, Adashi EY editors. Berek and Novak's Gynecology. 15th ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007 .p.427.
[4] Hendrickson MR, Longacre TA, Kempson RL. The Uterine Corpus. In : Mills SE, Carter D, Greenson JK, Oberman HA, Reuter VE, Stoler MH, editors. Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. 4th ed. Vol.3, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams; 2004 .p.2453.
[5] U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2014 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2017. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/uscs..

Abstract: Accommodation is a dynamic change in the dioptric power of the eye. The mechanism of accommodation has been studied for at least 400 years. But how the amplitude of accommodation varies with different refractive status (emmetropia / myopia / hypermetropia) is not much studied so far. So we conducted this study comprising of 600 eyes belonging to 300 healthy Bengali people of different age group of either sex in a tertiary level hospital, for a period of one year. After a routine ophthalmic examination and full distance correction, the near point of accommodation was measured, one eye at a time, using RAF rule by Duane's method. Observation led us to conclude that highest amplitude of accommodation was observed in myopes followed by emmetropes and hypermetropes. Although the gradual and steady decrease in amplitude of accommodation with age was similarly marked, irrespective of different refractive condition..

Key words: Amplitude of accommodation, Emmetropia, Hypermetropia, Myopia, Refractive condition.

[1]. Baumeister M and Kohnen T, Accommodation and presbyopia: Physiology of accommodation and development of presbyopia, Ophthalmology, 105(6), 2008, 597-608.
[2]. Kaufman PL, Accommodation and Presbyopia: Neuromuscular and Biophysical Aspects, in Hart WM, Adler's Physiology of the eye, 9 (St Louis: CV Mosby, 1994) 391- 411.
[3]. Atchison DA, Accommodation and presbyopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt, 15(4), 1995, 255-272.
[4]. Abrams D, Accommodation and Presbyopia, in Duke-Elder S, Practice of Refraction, 10 (Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1995) 85-94.
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Abstract: Background Back pain in lower region , is probably one of the commonest ailments people have in India and world over , spanning across both sexes affecting commonly middle and old ages across urban and rural population. In India apart from Tuberculosis, other important reasons are trauma , chronic ailments, inflammation , radiculopathy ,neuropathy and neoplastic reasons . It is further compounded with the fact that people initially resort to homemade therapies for its treatment , and wait and then seek medical consultation. Under these circumstances , an accurate diagnosis can be made by using Magnetic Resonance Imaging i.e MRI . This study was done to describe the various lesions identified using MRI. Methodology The present study was hospital based cross sectional starting Feb 2017 to Dec 2017. A total of 236 cases were evaluated and their MRI reports evaluated for the findings. Those........

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[5]. Atlas SJ, Deyo RA. Evaluating and managing acute low back pain in the primary care setting. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:120–31...

Abstract: Worldwide, cervical carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract and represents the second most common malignancy in women following breast cancer (and excluding skin cancer). Evidence exists supporting the association of early marriage, multiparity, having multiple sexual partners, and low economic level with a high incidence of cervical carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This Retrospective study is done in department of pathology, RIMS, Ranchi from January 2017 to December 2017. It included all cervical biopsies which were sent to histopathology section. Results: Histopathological examination of total 96 cervical biopsy specimen were done out of which 63 cases were diagnosed to have malignant........

Key words: Cervical biopsy, cervical carcinoma

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Abstract: Background: When rupture of membranes occur beyond 37th week but before the onset of labor it is called term pre-labor rupture of membranes ( PROM) and when it occurs before 37 completed weeks, it is called preterm PROM.1 Material and Method: A prospective study to assess the fetomaternal outcome of term pregnancy with PROM carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal from November 2014 to April 2016 among 100 pregnant women with PROM. The collected data were analyzed using SSPS software version ver. 21.0 and described using mean and percentages. Result: Out of 16,968 total deliveries........

Key words: PROM, preterm PROM, PPH

[1]. Dutta DC. Preterm labor, preterm rupture of the membranes, postmaturity, intrauterine death of the fetus. In: Konar H, editor. Textbook of obstetrics. 7th ed. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd;2013.p.317-8.
[2]. MacDonald T, Saurette K. Management of PROM at term. AOM Clinical practice guideline 2010;13(1):1-25.
[3]. Shah M, Sandesara P. Fetomaternal outcome in cases of PROM-A case control study. Guj Med J 2011;66(1):36-8.
[4]. Gibbs RS. Premature rupture of the membranes. In: Scott JR, Gibbs RS, Karlan BY, Haney AF, editors. Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. 9 th ed. Philadelphia:Lipinncott Williams & Wilkins;2003.p.108-14.

[5]. El-Messidi A, Cameron A. Diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes: Inspiration from the past and insights for the future. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2010;32(6):561–9.

Abstract: Fistula-in-ano being one of the most common benign anal conditions in daily surgical practice and for its chronic and recurring nature, adequate and effective surgery is the prime expectation of the patient from a surgeon. Conventional surgical options for a low fistula-in-ano include a fistulotomy and a fistulectomy. A fistulectomy involves complete excision of the fistulous tract, thereby eliminating the risk of missing secondary tracts and providing complete tissue for histopathological examination. A fistulotomy lays open the fistulous tract, thus leaving smaller unepithelised wounds, which hastens the wound healing. The purpose of our study is to review the role of fistulotomy and fistulectomy as management options for low anal fistula and to evaluate their outcomes. This study demonstrated shorter operating time and wound healing time, less post operative pain and earlier return to normal activities following a fistulotomy in comparison to a fistulectomy and should therefore be recommended as a standard surgical procedure in the treatment of low fistula-in-ano..

Key words: fistula-in-ano, fistulotomy, fistulectomy

[1]. Parks, A.G., Gordon, P.H. & Hardcastle, J.D. (1976) A classification of fistula-in-ano. British Journal of Surgery, 1976; 63: 1-12.
[2]. Bhatti, Y., Fatima, S., Shaikh, G.S. &Shaikh S. (2011) Fistulotomy versus fistulectomy in the treatment of low fistula in ano. Rawal Medical Journal36, 284-286.
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Abstract: Wound dehiscence or burst abdomen is a very serious post operative complication, associated with high morbidity & mortality. It has significant impact on the healthcare cost. While it is recorded to be 1–3% in most centres, whereas some centres in India recorded incidence of burst abdomen as high as 10–30 %. Among the cases operated in our study, cases of perforative peritonitis constituted 63.1%. Most cases follow emergency laparotomy for peritonitis. Among the total 90 patients who were closed with continuous suture, 9 patients developed burst abdomen. 9 out of the 10 patients of burst abdomen had post operative abdominal distention, signifying high probability of relationship. We came to a conclusion that Interrupted X suture is a better option than continuous suture in emergency cases of midline laparotomies, particularly in patients of hypoprotenemia. Presence of peritonitis found intra operatively,........

Key words: Laparotomies, Serosanguinous, Hypoprotenemia, Burst Abdomen.

[1]. Srivastav A, Roy S, Sahay KB, Seenu V, Kumar A, Chumber S, Bal S, Mehta S. Prevention of burst abdominal wound by a new technique: A randomized trial comparing continuous versus interrupted X- suture. Indian Journal of Surgery 2004;66:19-27.

[2]. Agarwal C.S, Tiwari P, Mishra S, Rao A, Hadke N.S, Adhikari S, Srivastav A; Interrupted Abdominal Closure Prevents Burst: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Interrupted-X and Conventional Continuous Closures in Surgical and Gynecological Patients; ijs aug 2012
[3]. Gupa H, Srivastava A, Menon G.R, Agarwal C.S, Chumber S, Kumar S; Comparison of Interrupted Versus Continuous Closure in Abdominal Wound Repair: A Meta-analysis of 23 Trials
[4]. Recent Advances in Surgery- 11; R L Gupta; pg 225 – 250
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Abstract: Today Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has replaced open cholecystectomy as the 'gold standard' in treatment of patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. Advantages being relatively less pain, early ambulation, shorter hospital stay and lower incidence of incisional hernia. The condition of the patient, the level of experience of the surgeon, and technical factors all can play a role in the decision for conversion. This study was conducted in an effort to determine the conversion rate and also identify the factors responsible for conversion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy to open cholecystectomy. Hence, these findings will allow us to preoperatively discuss the higher risk of conversion and allow for an earlier judgement and decision on conversion if intra-operative difficulty is encountered. This was a prospective clinical study consisting of 112 patients undergoinglaparoscopic........

Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, incisional hernia, Calot's triangle

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Abstract: Background: Corneal blindness is a major public health problem worldwide and infectious keratitis is one of the predominant causes. About half of corneal ulcers are fungal in tropical zones where the population is predominantly rural. People living in a tropical climate and working in agriculture are clearly significant risks, possibly amplified by the lack of safety precautions in the less advanced agricultural societies. Aims: To identify predisposing factors, causative fungi and to study different presentations of mycotic keratitis in the indigenous population of Manipur. Materials and methods: A cross sectional........

Key words: Mycotic corneal keratitis, culture

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Abstract: Gastrointestinal perforation has been a surgical problem since time immemorial. Perforation is said to occur once a pathology extends through the full thickness of hollow viscus leading to peritoneal contamination with intra luminal contents. In India, gastro duodenal perforation is the one of the commonest sites followed by enteric, appendicular, perforations. But the relative incidence of various types of perforations, the site, aetiological factors show a wide geographical variation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the current pattern of perforations, study various aetiological factors, management and overall mortality and morbidity with contributing factors. In my present study, total number of patients was 50, out of them 39 were male and 11 were female. Maximum patients were in between 41 to 50 years of age. Sex did not alter any surgical outcome in small bowel perforation. Old age patients.......

Key words: Gastrointestinal perforation, aetiological factors, hemodynamically

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Abstract: Caudal block is most popular regional anesthetic technique used in children. It provides excellent analgesia during surgery as well as in postoperative period in subumblical surgeries. In a randomised double blind study, 60 ASA I-II patients aged 2-8 years scheduled for Elective subumblical procedures were divided into two groups of 30 each patients. Group A received 1ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine in addition to 2g/kg of clonidine caudally and similar volume of normal saline intravenously and Group B received 1ml/kg of 0.2% ropivacaine and 2 g/kg clonidine intravenously and simultaneously same volume of saline caudally. Hemodynamic parameters, duration of analgesia........

Key words: Caudal, Clonidine, Intravenous, Ropivacaine, Subumblical

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Abstract: Aims:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure.Pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be associated with decrease respiratory compliance and increase airway resistance.. Baska mask is a newly introduced membranous cuffed supraglottic device. These improved devices could be used safely during anaesthesia for procedures associated with high peak pressure of airway like laparoscopic cholecystectomy.We conducted airway management of 85 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Baska mask to evaluate its performance and efficacy. Settings and Design: A prospective, open label study was planned in the department of Anaesthesia, after the approval from Institutional Ethics committee......

Key words: Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic,Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation,Masks, Baska mask

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Abstract: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine disorders characterized by hyperglycaemia. Diabetic nephropathy is a consequence of long standing diabetes. The prevalence of microalbuminuria predicts progression to diabetic nephropathy. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in relation to economic status. Lots of studies have been conducted on the levels of microalbumin in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Since the role of this parameter is increasingly reviewed and evaluated, the need to carry out further such studies become obvious. The present study is thus designed to evaluate the role of microalbumin in predicting incipient nephropathy in diabetics of lower socioeconomic group so as to prevent the onset of overt nephropathy........

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