iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2018

Abstract: Urethral strictures are a major cause of voiding difficulty in adult males and a common complaint faced by the Urologists.The male urethra is classically imaged by Retrograde Urethrography in combination with Voiding Cystourethrography. Although Retrograde Urethrography is the gold standard investigation for male urethral strictures, it has disadvantages including radiation exposure, limited information on periurethral structures, extravasation of contrast etc. In comparison, Sonourethrography provides an accurate, simple, dynamic, rapid and cost effective imaging of the urethra and periurethral structures which can be repeated without the harmful effects of radiation. Sonourethrography also has the potential to be a valuable preoperative investigation. Nevertheless, it is not..........

[1]. Alam, A. K. M. K., Hossain, M. S., Faruque, M. S., Siddique, F. H., Hossain, M. M., Amanullah, A. T. M., ... & Kibria, S. A. M. G. (2012). Sono-urethrography in the evaluation of male anterior urethral strictures. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, 13(2), 51-56.
[2]. Mandal, S. K., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Mandal, A., Deoghuria, D., & Mandal, P. K. (2012). Sonourethrography in the evaluation of anterior urethral stricture: correlation with retrograde urethrography in male. Int J Pharm Biomed Res, 3(2), 77-80.

[3]. Pushkarna, R., Bhargava, S. K., & Jain, M. (2000). Ultrasonographic evaluation of abnormalities of the male anterior urethra. Indian journal of Radiology and Imaging, 10(2), 89.
[4]. Kawashima, A., Sandler, C. M., Wasserman, N. F., LeRoy, A. J., King Jr, B. F., & Goldman, S. M. (2004). Imaging of urethral disease: a pictorial review. Radiographics, 24(suppl_1), S195-S216.

[5]. Gallentine, M. L., & Morey, A. F. (2002). Imaging of the male urethra for stricture disease. Urologic Clinics of North America, 29(2), 361-372.

Abstract: Diarrhea is still a major killer disease in under-5 children and responsible for 13% of all under-5 deaths in India. ORS and zinc has been recognized to be the mainstay of the treatment of acute watery diarrhea, whereas antibiotics are reserved for only specific cases only. Often prescriptions with unnecessary medications increase both the cost of therapy and side-effects. The present study was attempted to analyze the prescription patterns among admitted under five children for a year in a tertiary care setting. The bed head tickets of all children under 5 years of age with a diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis were collected and demographic, clinicalparameters, treatment outcome including prescription pattern was noted. The data was analyzed using MS Excel software. A total.........

Key Words: Acute watery diarrhea, antibiotic, rational use, current trend

[1]. Child mortality estimates CME info[homepage on the internet]. UNICEF; 2017[ cited 17 August, 2017]. Availablefrom: http:// www.childmortality.org/indax.php?r=site/graphR/D=IND_India
[2]. Diarrheal diseases among children in India: current scenario and future perspectives. J Nat SciBiol Med. 2015 JAN-JUN; 6(1):24-28
[3]. Proportion of children under 5 years old with diarrhea receiving oral rehydration salts UNICEF.org[homepage on the internet] Monitoring the situation of children and women:UNICEF; 2017[cited 17 August 2017]. Available from: http://data.unicef.org/country/ind/Lakshminarayana S, Jayalakshmi R
[4]. Nair GB, Ramamurthy T, Bhattacharya MK, et al. Emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Kolkata, India. Gut Pathogens. 2010;2(1):4.
[5]. Ahamed F, Farheen A, Ali I, Muzaffer A, Thakur M, Smina M. Management of Diarrhea in under-fives at home and health facilities in Kashmir. Intl J Health Sci. (Qassim). 2009 Jul; 3(2): 171-175.

Abstract: Phototherapy is the most common, most effective, and least dangerous treatment method for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and is the treatment of the first choice for neonatal icterus. Hypocalcemia is one of the lesser-known complications of phototherapy. Some studies have shown a relationship between increased urinary calcium excretion and phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia. Aim Of The Study: We aimed to assess the effect of phototherapy on urinary calcium excretion in term neonates and possibility of detecting hypocalcemia and giving calcium supplementation. It could be used a noninvasive method for detecting hypocalcemia..........

[1]. Stoll BJ, Klieg man RM. Jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn. In: Behrman RE, Klieg man RM, Jenson HB, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.; 2011. p. 603-12.
[2]. Gartner LM, Green HL. Effect of milk feeding on intestinal bilirubin absorption in the rat. J Pediatr 1983;103:464.
[3]. Kaplan M. Neonatal jaundice and liver disease. In: Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ, eds. Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Disease of the Fetus and Infant. 9th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2011. p. 1470-6.
[4]. Tan KL, Stocker R, Swinney DC, et al. The pattern of bilirubin response to phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Pediatr Res 1982; 16:670.
[5]. Romagnoli C, Polidore G, Cataldi L. Phototherapy- induced hypocalcemia. J Pediatr 2006; 94:815-6.

Abstract: Introduction: Malaria is a global health problem with over 40% of the world's population i.e. more than 3000 million people exposed to varying degrees of malaria risk in some 108 countries. The intravacualr haemolysis can be due to non-immune destruction of parasitized red blood cells in case of high parasitemia or due to immune mediated destruction of parasitized as well as non-parasitized red cells. 2. Material and Method: The present study "A hospital based study on the value of hemoglobinuria in the diagnosis and outcome in cases of complicated malaria" was carried out in the patient admitted in the Department of Medicine of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, with diagnosis of P. falciparum malaria suggestive of complicated (severe) form of falciparum. ......

Key words: Malaria; Hemoglobinuria; Parasitemia

[1]. K. Park Text Book of PSM 21st Ed.2011 year.
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[5]. Kochar D, Banshi Lal Kuniawat, Karan S and others. Severe and complicated malaria in Bikaner, Western India. The South East Asian Journal Trop Med Public Health 1997;28:259-267..

Abstract: Objective: Anaemia in pregnancy is a major health problem with adverse maternal and foetal outcome worldwide specially, developing countries like India. The aim of the present study was to understand the prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women and its deleterious effects on pregnancy outcome. Material and Method:This is a retrospective observational study done at a tertiary care hospital M.G.M. Medical College, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand over a period of one years from January 2017 to December 2017 Result:A high prevalence of anaemia, 76% was observed among pregnant women. The current study shows 925 (20%) cases of mild anaemia, 2011(44%) cases of moderate anaemia , 1407 (31%) cases of severe anaemia and 195(4%) cases of very............

Key words: Anaemia, Maternal outcome,Perinatal outcome, Pregnant women,Rural health.

[1]. Baig-Ansari N, Badruddin SH , Karmaliani R ,Harris H, JehanI,et al Anaemia prevalence and risk factors in pregnant women in an urban area of Pakistan. Food Nutr Bull. 2008 Jun;29(2):132-9.
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[3]. Kalaivani K. Prevalence of Anaemia in pregnancy ,IndianJ.Med Res . 2009:627-33.
[4]. Mangla M, SinglaD.Prevalence and consequences of anaemia among pregnant women in rural India : a longitudinal observational study .Int J ReprodContraceptObstet Gynecol.2016;5:3500-5.
[5]. Sharma JB, Shankar M. Anaemia in Pregnancy .JIMSA. 2010;23(4).

Abstract: Introduction: This clinical study was conducted to assess the long term follow up results of using free fibular graft to augment fracture fixation with cannulated cancellous screw or dynamic hip screw as a treatment option for femoral neck fractures in young adults who presented after 24 hours of injury but within 3 weeks. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on the patients of femoral neck fractures managed with multiple cancellous screws or dynamic hip screw with fibular graft. Patients aged between 15 and 50 years, having Gardens type III or IV fracture with duration of injury less than three weeks were included in the study. They were assessed for radiological outcome..........

Keywords: Fresh fracture neck of femur, Multiple cancellous screws, Free fibular graft

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Abstract: Mucopolysaccharidosis(MPS) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders. These disorders are uncommon yet an important topic in continuing education in clinical anaesthesiologyTherefore there is a need to study their clinical features and effect of these features on anaesthetic management with special reference to airway management In the last few years many scientific studies have been published emphasizing the risks involved in anaesthetic management of such patients.These are patients of potential difficult airway and entire anaesthetic management revolves primarily around proper assessment of clinical features leading to difficult airway and judicious use of available airway equipment. We want to review the literature as regards the clinical features and anaesthetic complications especially...........

[1]. Moores C, Rogers JG, McKenzie IM, Brown TCK. Anaesthesia for children with Mucopolysaccharidosis. Anaesth Intens Care 1996; 24:459-63.
[2]. Diaz JH, Belani KG. Perioperative management of children with Mucopolysaccharidosis.Anaesth Analg 1993; 77: 1261-70.
[3]. MuenzerJ. Overview of the mucopolysaccharidoses.Rheumatology(Oxford) 2011;50(Suppl 5): V4-v12. Doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ker394
[4]. Arn P,Whitley C,Wraith JEet al. High rate of postoperative mortality in mucopolysaccharidoses TypeI:findings from registryI.J Paediatr Surg. 1993;28:403-408
[5]. KaminW.Diagnosis and management of respiratory involvement in Hunters Syndrome.ActaPaediatr Suppl.2008;97:57-60.

Abstract: Acute mechanical bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency and a frequently encountered problem in abdominal surgery. It constitutes a major cause of morbidity and financial expenditure in hospitals around the world and a significant cause of admissions to emergency surgical departments. This was a prospective observational study of patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India with a diagnosis of acute mechanical bowel obstruction between April 2015 and October 2016. 157 patients included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 58.8 years. Constipation (86.0%) and absence of passage of flatus (77.1%) were the most common presenting symptoms, and abdominal distension (89.2%) was the most frequent physical finding on clinical examination. In the total study group of patients........

Keywords -Acute mechanical obstruction, adhesion, malignancy, tuberculosis, perforation

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Abstract: Occlusal splints alone or in combination with other treatmentmodalities are efficacious in the management of pain in patients with temporomandibulardisorders.Splint therapy is a proven modality for alleviating the pain of many types of temporomandibulardisorders and bruxism. The goal of this article is to review the basic principles of occlusal splinttherapy for treating temporomandibular disorder (TMD), bruxism, and toreview the basic splint designs and explain how to use these effectively.

[1]. Dylina TJ. A common sense approach tosplint therapy. J Prosth Dent. 2001; 86:539-45
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Abstract: A C-shaped canal with varying configuration is commonly observed in single-rooted mandibular second molars. Cooke and Cox (1979) first documented the C-shaped canal in endodontic literature. The presence of high incidence of transverse anastomoses, lateral canals, and apical deltas makes it difficult to clean and seal the root canal system in these teeth. Inability to detect and debride C-shaped canal anatomy can lead to endodontic failure. This case report highlights the management of three different cases of C- shaped canal configurations using different obturation technique..

Keywords: C-shaped canals, Lateral Condensation, Obtura III, Endoseal MTA

[1]. Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Top 2005;10:3,29.
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Abstract: Aim: To assess the efficacy of somatostatin analogues combined with conventional treatment as compared to conventional treatment for adhesive intestinal obstruction. Methods: The Cochrane Library, Embase, Pubmed, Web of science, VIP, and Wanfang databases were systematically searched to select the relevant randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCT. Study quality was assessed; relevant data were extracted. Inter-study heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test, I2 test, and the Galbraith figure. The source of heterogeneity was determined using subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Publication bias was tested using funnel plots; funnel plot asymmetry was tested using Egger's and Begg's tests.........

Keywords: Adhesive intestinal obstruction; somatostatin；conventional treatment；efficacy；meta-analysis

[1]. Moradi Z, Besharat M, Minaiee B, et al. Avicenna's View on the Etiologies of Intestinal Obstruction. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2016;18(2):e20034.

[2]. Duron JJ. Postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion pathophysiology. Colorectal Dis. 2007;9 Suppl 2(s2):14-24. [3]. Van GH. Consequences and complications of peritoneal adhesions. Colorectal Dis. 2007;9(Supplement s2):25–34.

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[5]. Krabben AAVD, Dijkstra FR, Nieuwenhuijzen M, et al. Morbidity and mortality of inadvertent enterotomy during adhesiotomy. Br J Surg. 2000; 87(4):467–471..

Abstract: Pregnancy Outcomes Of Patients With Systemic Sclerosis Includes1abortion, Miscarriage,Preterm Birth , Preeclampsia , Iugr, Oligohydramnios And Perinatal Death. Besides These Poor Outcomes , Women With Systemic Sclerosis Can Safely Have Healthy Pregnancy. The Aim Of This Study Is To Evaluate A Pregnant Women With Systemic Sclerosis. A 24 Year Old Primigravida Women With A History Of Systemic Sclerosis For Last 5 Years Was Admitted At Esi, New Delhi , With 36 Weeks Of Pregnancy . On Admission She Fad Severe Degree Of Hypertension With Proteinuria . She Also Had Restricted Mouth Opening, Salt Pepper Pigmentation, Barnett Sign, Sclerodactyly, Thickening Of Skin. She Was Given Antihypertensives And Steroids For Lung Maturity Of The Foetus............

Keywords-Systemic Sclerosis, Pregnancy,Preeclampsia

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