iosr-JDMS   Volume-17 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2018

Abstract: Background- Thyroid disorders constitute one of the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy.Thyroid undergoes profound modification in pregnancy but less study has been done on thyroid function changes in preeclampsia . Pregnancy is associated with increased total thyroxin (T4) and, in preeclampsia, biochemical hypothyroidism occurs (i.e. raised thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH). Hypothyroidism has been listed as one of the causes of high blood pressure.Material and Methods-The present study was carried out on the pregnant women in their second and third trimesters attending outpatient department of obstetric and gynaecology from October2012 to September2014. 100 Preeclamptic women were included in the study group and 50 normotensive women were included.........

Key words: Preeclampsia,thyroid stimulating hormone,pregnancy

[1]. Arulkumaran, N.; Lightstone, L. (December 2013). "Severe pre-eclampsia and hypertensive crises". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology27 (6): 877–884. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.07.003.
[2]. Al-Jameil (2013). "A Brief Overview of Preeclampsia". Journal of Clinical Medicine Research. doi:10.4021/jocmr1682w
[3]. Abalovich M ,Amino n, Barbour LA, et al. Management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum.an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinal Metab. 2007;92 (8);1-47.
[4]. A. Stagnaro-Green, S. H. Roman, R. H. Cobin, E. El-Harazy, S. Wallenstein, and T. F. Davies, ―A prospective study of lymphocyte-initiated immunosuppression in normal pregnancy: evidence of a T-cell etiology for postpartum thyroid dysfunction,‖ Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 645–653, 1992.
[5]. A. Stagnaro-Green, ―Overt hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism during pregnancy,‖ Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 478–487, 2011..

Abstract: NAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus play an important role in development of micro and macrovascular complications. NAFLD results in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by increasing insulin resistance(6) and pancreatic β-cell lipotoxicity caused by sustained elevation in FFAs formed from lipolysis of adipose tissue resulting in defective insulin secretion. NAFLD is found to be independently associated with an increased prevalence of Diabetic complications. Our study aims to look for an association between NAFLD and micro vascular and macro vascular complications of Type2DM. This comparative cross sectional study was conducted in the patients who attended the OPD in the Department of Diabtology from June – Oct 2017. A total of 60 patients were included in the study. The Urine PCR for Diabetic Nephropathy and Fundus changes for Diabetic Retinopathy were found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased the patients with NAFLD. Hence forth the above study showed as association between NAFLD and the development of micro and macro vascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.

[1]. Bjornsson E, Angulo P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 42:1023–1030. [PubMed: 17710666]
[2]. Prashanth M, Ganesh HK, Vima MV, John M, Bandgar T, Joshi SR, et al.; Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Assoc Physicians India, 2009; 57: 205-10.
[3]. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine J, Diehl AM, Brunt E, Cusi K, et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liverdisease: practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. HEPATOLOGY 2012;55:2005-2023.
[4]. Targher G, Day CP, Bonora E; Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 2010; 363(14), 1341-1350.

[5]. ParadisV,PerlemuterG,BonvoustF,DargereD,ParfaitB, Vidaud M, Conti M, Huet S, Ba N, Buffet C, Bedossa P 2001 High glucose and hyperinsulinemia stimulate connective tissue growth factor expression: a potential mechanism involved in progression to fibrosis in nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis. Hepatology 34:738–744.

Abstract: Introduction- PPIUCD insertion is a good option as a family planning method. In country like India IUCD insertion during delivery may prove to be the best option to reach out to the population. Objective- To assess and evaluate cases of PPIUCD and reason for discontinuation of PPIUCD at a tertiary care teaching hospital ,over a period of 1 year. Material and Methods- This prospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care teaching hospital associated with S.M.S. Medical College Jaipur for 1 year period.Women opting for discontinuation of PPIUCD were assessed for reason of removal and analysis done. Result-total number of PPIUCD inserted during 1 year........

[1]. Norton M. Shelton JD. Stillbirth and healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy. Lancet. 2011;378(9794):876.
[2]. Post-partum IUCD reference manual;Family Planning Division. Ministry of health and family welfare. Gov India.2010;1:2.
[3]. Kapp N, Curtis K. Intrauterine device insertion during the postpartum period: a systematic review. Contraception. 2009;80:327-36.
[4]. Gupta G. Goyal R. Kadam VK. Sharma P. The clinical outcome of post-placental copper T 380 A insertion with long placental forceps (kellys forceps) after normal vaginal delivery and caesarean section. J Obstet Gynecol India .2015 65(6)386-388.
[5]. Halder A. Sowmya M S. Gayen A. Bhattachary P. Mukherjee S. Datta S. A Prospective Study to Evaluate Vaginal Insertion and Intra caesarean In sertion of Post-Partum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device. J Obstet Gynecol India 2016 66(1):35-41..

Abstract: The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of orally administered clonidine with respect to Pregabalin in maintaining hemodynamic stability during laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia. Materials methods – After obtaining the institutional ethical approval 68 patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups. Group A-34 patients received oral Pregabalin 75mg with 50 ml of water.Group B—34 patients received oral Clonidine 100 mcg with 50 ml of water—30 min before anticipated start time of surgery.Heart rate,Systolic lood pressure(SBP),Diastolic blood pressure(DBP),Mean arterial blood pressure(MBP) were recorded in two groups at different point of time i.e before premedication, before induction, immediately after intubation, 10min,20min after pneumoperitoneum , immediately after release.......

KEY WORDS- Clonidine ,Pregabalin, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,haemodynamic stress response

[1]. Perioperative Haemodynamic Response Of Oral Clonidine Premedication In Gynae Laproscopic Surgeries. Dr. Gurpinderbeer singh, Dr. Dinesh chauhan. Department of anaesthesiology,Sbks medical institute& research centre, Sumandeep vidyapeeth university Piparia, vadodara, Gujarat
[2]. Larsen JF, Svendsen FM, Pedersen V. Randomized clinical trial of the effect of Pneumo-peritoneum on cardiac function and haemodynamics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg. 2004;91(7):848-54.
[3]. Myre K, Rostrup M, Buanes T, Stokland O. Plasma catecholamines and haemodynamic changes during Pneumo-peritoneum.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1998;42(3):343-47.
[4]. Mann C, Boccara G, Pouzeratte Y, Eliet J, Serradel-Le Gal C, Vergnes C, et al. The relationship among carbon dioxide Pneumoperitoneum,vasopressin release, and hemodynamic changes. Anesth Analg. 1999;89(2):278-83.
[5]. Hayashi Y, Maze M. Alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists and anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1993 Jul;71(1):108-18...

Abstract: Introduction: These days of industrialization and automobiles chest injury is a common problem in patients sustaining blunt or penetrating trauma.1 Chest injury occurs in 16% of poly trauma cases, around 25% of all trauma death is due to chest injury.2 The incidence of hemothorax, pneumothorax and combined hemo-pneumothorax following blunt chest trauma accounts for around 37.4%, 18.4% and 21.5% respectively.3 Not every thoracotomy, majority can be managed with a closed tube thoracostomy and simple fluid resuscitation.4,5 A major morbidity associated with this is empyema. Although the prophylactic use of antibiotic has been well established and proved beneficial for many trauma related interventions6,7 the value of prophylactic antibiotics in decreasing infectious complications after tube thoracostomy remains controversial.9.......

KEY WORDS- Blunt chest trauma, haemo-thorax, pneumothorax, intercostal drain, prophylactic antibiotics.

[1]. Wilson RF, Murray C, Antonenko DR. Nonpenetrating thoracic injuries. SugrClin North Am 1977; 57(1):17-36.
[2]. Richardson JD, Miller FB, Carrillo EH, Spain Da. Complex thoracic injuries. SugrClin North Am 1996; 76(4):725-48.
[3]. Shorr RM, Crittenden M, Indeck M, Hartunian SL, Rodriguez A. Blunt thoracic trauma. Analysis of 515 patients. Ann Surg 1987;206(2):200-5.
[4]. Meyer DM. Hemothorax related to trauma. ThoracSurgClin 2007;17(1):47-55.
[5]. Shelly P. Dev, M.D., BartolomeuNascimiento, Jr., M.D., Carmine Simone, M.D., and Vincent Chien, M.D. N Engl j med 2007; 357(15).
[6]. Stewart RM, Corneille MG. Common complications following thoracic trauma: their prevention and treatment. Semin Thor CardiovasSurg 2008; 20(1):69-71.

Abstract: FNAC is a simple and rapid diagnostic technique because of early availability of results, simplicity of the procedure, minimal trauma and complications. The aspiration cytology is now considered a valuable diagnostic aid and is part and parcel of a pathologist repertoire. The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of FNAC of lymph nodes in comparison to the results of histopathology. FNAC is useful and reliable in diagnosing neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of lymph nodes. It helps in planning treatment, where definitive operative intervention can be performed in the single session.

KEY WORDS- FNAC, lymphadenopathy.

[1]. Hirachand S, Lakhey M, Akhter J, Thapa B.Evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph nodes in Kathmandu Medical College, Teaching hospital.Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2009 Apr-Jun;7(26):139-42.
[2]. Tani EM, Christensson B, Porwit A, Skoog L.Immunocytochemical analysis and cytomorphologic diagnosis on fine needle aspirates of lymphoproliferative disease.Acta Cytol. 1988 Mar-Apr;32(2):209-15.
[3]. D.K. Das.Value and limitation of fine-needle aspiration cytology in diagnosis and classification of lymphomas: a review. DiagnCytopathol, 21 (1999), pp. 240-249.
[4]. Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A. Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools. Iran J Med Sci (2014) 39:158–70.
[5]. Pandit S, Choudhury S, Das A, Das SK, Bhattacharya S. Cervical lymphadenopathy – pitfalls of blind antitubercular treatment. J Health PopulNutr (2014) 32:155–9.

Abstract: Cowden syndrome is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder which affects various organs of the body and characterized by high risks for malignant tumors of breast, thyroid and other organs. The case in the present study presented with certain novel features which were not reported earlier. These includes grossly enlarged tonsils, adenoid facies, dysphagia and difficult breathing (as presenting symptoms), H/O cataract surgery at the age of 18 years and ECG changes in the heart (tachycardia, T wave inversion in leads III, aVF, V1, V2 and V3). The signs and symptoms of Cowden syndrome are highly variable, non-specific and subtle........

KEY WORDS- Cowden syndrome, Cowden disease, Multiple hamartoma syndrome, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS).

[1]. Liaw D, Marsh DJ, Li J, et al. Germline mutations of the PTEN gene in Cowden disease, an inherited breast and thyroid cancer syndrome. Nat Genet. May 1997;16(1):64-7. [2]. Eng C. PTEN: one gene, many syndromes. Hum Mutat.2003 Sep;22(3):183-98.
[3]. Paparo L, Rossi GB, Delrio P, Rega D, Duraturo F, Liccardo R, Debellis M, Izzo P, De Rosa M. Differential expression of PTEN gene correlates with phenotypic heterogeneity in three cases of patients showing clinical manifestations of PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome. Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2013 Jul 25;11(1):8. [Epub ahead of print]
[4]. Robert Pilarski. Cowden Syndrome: A Critical Review of the Clinical Literature. J Genet Counsel (2009) 18:13–27.
[5]. Brownstein MH, Mehregam AH, Biklowski JB, et al. The dermatopathology of Cowden's syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1997;100(6):667 – 673.

Abstract: Although breastfeeding is a natural phenomenon, individual differences exist in the patterns adopted by Child-bearing women while breastfeeding their infants. This study examined how the demographic characteristics of postnatal mothers influence the breastfeeding patterns they adopt for their infants. It was a cross-sectional research design covering two primary, two secondary and two tertiary health care institutions in the South-East Zone of Nigeria. Convenient sampling technique was used to select 299 postnatal mothers who visited infant welfare clinics along with their infants. One research question and three null hypotheses guided the study. The instruments used for data collection in the study were questionnaire on patterns of breastfeeding by postnatal mothers (QPBF) and checklist on Health status of infants whose mothers had varied breastfeeding........

KEY WORDS- Breastfeeding patterns, Educational level, Marital status; Religion, Postnatal mothers

[1]. Almorth S, Latham MC. (1982). Breastfeeding practices in rural Jamica. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 28,103-109.
[2]. Brown KH, Dewey KG, Allen LH.(1998). Complimentary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific Knowledge. Geneva: WHO.
[3]. Dennis CL. (2002). Breastfeeding initiation and duration: a 1990-2000 Literature review. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecology and Neonatal Nursing , 31(1), 12-32.
[4]. Faridi MMM. (2008). Health Care System in the Protection, Promotion and Support of Breastfeeding. Solution Exchange for MCH Community Newsletter, Breastfeeding Month Special, August 2008, 7-8.
[5]. Grummer-Strawn LM. (1996). The effect of changes in the population characteristics on breastfeeding trends in fifteen developing countries. International Journal of Epidemiology, 25,94-102.

Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification surgery in effecting visual recovery and minimising adverse outcomes in complicated cataracts due to uveitis. Materials and Methods. 34 eyes with complicated cataract due to uveitis were included in this study. Complete preoperative ophthalmic and systemic evaluation was done. Meticulous phacoemulsification surgery was performed. Foldable single piece hydrophobic acrylic PC IOL with square edge optic was implanted in all eyes. Post operative follow up was done at periodic intervals. Visual Acuity and development of any postoperative complications like reactivation of uvcitis, IOL deposits, posterior capsular opacification and anterior capsular fibrosis, IOL decentration and cystoid macular oedema were recorded. Optical coherence tomography Fundus Fluorescin Angiography was done to confirm cystoid macular oedema........

KEY WORDS- Complicated Cataract, Phacoemulsification.

[1]. Meier FM, Tuft SJ, Pavesio CE. Cataract surgery in uveitis, Ophthalmol clin of N Am 2002; 15: 365-370
[2]. Suresh PS, Jones NP. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in patients with uveitis, Eye-2001 Oct; 15 (Pt 5): 621-8.
[3]. Foster CS, Rashid S. Management of coincident cataract and uveitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2003 Feb; 14(I): 1-6.
[4]. Rahman I, Jones NP. Long term results of cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in patients with uveitis. Eye 2005 Feb; 19(2) : 191-7.
[5]. Alio JL, Chipont E, Ben Ezra D, Fakhry MA. Comparative performance of intraocular lenses in eyes with cataract and uveitis. J. cataract Refract surg. 2002 Dec, 28 (12): 2096-108.

Abstract: Objective: An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intra nasally administered Ketamine and Midazolam for paediatric premedication. Materials and methods: The study was a prospective randomized double blind study involving 90 ASA grade I and II paediatric patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures of less than 2 hours duration; all these patients received the drug by nasal route in a double blind manner (20 minutes prior to induction) and were divided into three groups. Group M received intranasal midazolam 0.2mg/kg; Group MK1 received intranasal midazolam 0.2mg/kg and ketamine 2mg/kg; Group Mk2 received intranasal midazolam 0.2mg/kg and ketamine 4mg/kg........

KEY WORDS- Intranasal Ketamine,Midazolam,Premedication,Sedation,Cooperation.

[1]. Baker A R.Pre medication. Clinics in Anesthesiology 1986; 4:459-471.
[2]. McCann M E,kain ZN.The management of preoperative anxiety in children. Anesthesia Analgesia 2001;93:98-105
[3]. Steward D J.Psychological preparation and pre medication. Pediatric Anaesthesia.Edited by Gregory G A, New York. Churchill Livingstone1989:523-538
[4]. Helen W Karl, Anne T Kifer, James L Rosenberger, Merilyn G Larach, Joan M Ruffle. Comparison of the safety and efficacy of intranasal midazolam or sufentanil for pre induction of anesthesia in paediatric patients. Anesthesiology 1992;76:209-215

Abstract: The ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is an effective and mainstay of treatment for hydrocephalus. Here we present a case of 20 year old pregnant female who is a known case of arrested hydrocephalus who was asymptomatic, who refused to undergo VP shunt surgery at second trimester and wanted to proceed with pregnancy.

[1]. Wisoff JH, Kratzert KJ, Handwerker SM, Young BK, Epstein F (1991) Pregnancy in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunts: report of a series and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 29(6):827–831.
[2]. Schiza S, Stamatakis E, Panagopoulou A, Valsamidis D (2012) Management of pregnancy and delivery of a patient with malfunctioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt. J Obstet Gynaecol 32(1): 6–9. doi:10.3109/01443615.2011.622058.
[3]. Riffaud L, Ferre JC, Carsin-Nicol B, Morandi X (2006) Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 108(3 Pt2):801–804. Doi: 108/3/801.
[4]. Nikolov A, Surchev Z, Nalbanski B, Diavolov V, Dimitrov A (2008) Pregnancy and delivery in women with cerebrospinal fluid shunt due to hydrocephalus. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 47(2):3–10.
[5]. Bradley NK, Liakos AM, McAllister JP 2nd, Magram G, Kinsman S, Bradley MK (1998) maternal shunt dependency: implications for obstetric care, neurosurgical management, and pregnancy outcomes and a review of selected literature. Neurosurgery 43(3):448–460 discussion 460-441.

Abstract: Introduction: Prolotherapy is an emerging option in the management of osteoarthritis though its mechanism of action is not well established. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and we hypothesized that prolotherapy might mitigate oxidative stress in osteoarthritis. Aim: To study and compare the effect of prolotherapy and traditional management on oxidative stress and on follow up WOMAC score of the patients with osteoarthritis of knee. Materials And Methods: Comparative study lasting 3 years on 37 known cases of primary and secondary osteoarthritis with 58 knees was performed........

KEY WORDS- Antioxidants, methyl glyoxal, Reduced glutathione, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.

[1]. Peyron JG, Altman RD. The epidemiology of osteoarthritis.In: Moskowitz RW, Howell DS,Goldberg VM, et al, editors. Osteoarthritis: diagnosisand medical/surgical management. 2nd edition.Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1992 :15–37.
[2]. Haq SA, Davatchi F. Osteoarthritis of the knees in the COPCORD world. Int J Rheum Dis.2011; 14(2):122-129.
[3]. Rabago D, Slattengren A, Zgierska A. Prolotherapy in the primary care practice. Prim Care.2010;37(1):65-80.
[4]. Reeves KD,Hassanein K. Randomized prospective double blind placebo-controlled study of dextrose prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis with or without ACL laxity. AlternTher Health Me.2000;6(2):68-80.
[5]. Regan E, Bowler R, Carpo J. Joint fluid antioxidants are decreased in osteoarthritic joints compared to joints with macroscopically intact cartilage and subacute injury.Osteoarthritis and Cartilage.2008;16(4):515-521.

Abstract: Introduction :L'infection De La Nécrose Pancréatique Est La Forme La Plus Péjorative Des Pancréatites Aigues, Leur Prise En Charge Chirurgicaleest Associéeà Une Morbi-Mortalité Très Elevé. Les Moyens Mini-Invasifs Semblent Etre Une Bonne Alternative Au Traitement Chirurgical, Notamment : Le Drainage Endoscopique Et/Ou Radiologique. La Nécrosectomieendoscopique Avec Mise En Place De Prothèse Est De Plus En Plus Utilisée.Cette Techniquene Cesse D'évoluertout En Essayant D'optimiser Lesrésultatspost-Interventionnels. Nous Présentons L'expérience Du Service Des Explorations Fonctionnelles Et Endoscopique Digestives Du CHU Hassan II De Fès Dans La Nécrosectomie Endoscopique........

[1] Franck Cholet, O. Pennec, M. Robaszkiewicz.La Nécrosectomie Pancréatique Endoscopique : Une Nouvelle Arme Dans L'arsenal Thérapeutique De La Nécrose Infectée.Actaendosc. (2014) 44:36-42. DOI 10.1007/S10190-013-0358-5.

[2] Van Brunschot S, Hollemans RA, Bakker OJ,Et Al. Minimally Invasive And Endoscopic Versus Open Necrosectomy For Necrotising Pancreatitis: A Pooled Analysis Of Individual Data For 1980 Patients.Gut 2017;0:1–10. Doi:10.1136/Gutjnl-2016-313341.

[3] Brahmi Abdessamad. Pancréatite Aigüe (A Propos De 305 Cas). Thèse, N° 098/12, Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculté De Médecine Et De Pharmacie Fès Année 2012

[4] Van Brunschot S, Fockens P, Bakker OJ, Et Al. .Endoscopic Transluminal Necrosectomy In Necrotising Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review. Surgendosc. 2014 May;28(5):1425-38. Doi: 10.1007/S00464-013-3382-9.

[5] Isayama H, Nakai Y, Rerknimitr R, Et Al . The Asian Consensus Statements On Endoscopic Management Of Walled-Off Necrosis Part2: Endoscopic Management. J Gastroenterolhepatol. 2016 Sep;31(9):1555-65. Doi: 10.1111/Jgh.13398.

Abstract: Wound dehiscenes is the most dreaded complications faced by surgeons having incidence ranges from 0.4% to 3.5% in post operative patients. It is of greatest concern because of risk of evisceration, the need for immediate intervention, and the other complications and has mortality rates reported as high as 45%. Various risk factors are responsible for wound dehiscence such as emergency surgery, intraabdominal infection, malnutrition (hypoalbuminaemia ,anaemia), advanced age >65yrs, systemic diseases( uremia, diabetes mellitus) etc. This retrospective observational study which was carried out on 50 patients clinically presenting as gaping of abdominal wound and discharge from the surgical site admitted in Department of Surgery, People's College of Medical.....

[1]. .Waqer S, Malik Z, Razzaq A, et al.: Frequency and risk factors for wound dehiscence/burst abdomen in midline laparotomies. Journal Ayub Med Coll 2005, 17(4):70-73.
[2]. Spiliotis J, Konstantino S, Tsiveriotis, Datsis AD, Archodaula, Georgios et al. Wound Dehiscence. World Journal of Emergency surgery 2009;4:12.
[3]. Gabrie¨lle H. van Ramshorst • Jeroen Nieuwenhuizen •Wim C. J. Hop •Pauline Arends • Johan Boom . Johannes Jeekel • Johan F. Lange. Abdominal Wound Dehiscence in Adults: Developmentand Validation of a Risk Model.World J Surg (2010) 34:20–27.
[4]. Afzal S., Bashir M.M. Determinants of Wound Dehiscence in Abdominal Surgery in Public Sector Hospital. Annals vol14. NO. 3 jul-sept. 2008
[5]. Granam DJ, Stevenson JT, Mettenry CR. Association of intrabdominal infections and abdominal wound dehiscence. Am Surg 1998 Jul;64 (7):660-5.