iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Selecting the best from various approaches used to expose the orbital skeleton to facilitate open re-duction and internal fixation or other orbital procedures , depends on good accessibility , better aesthetics and fewer complications . This study compares the subciliary, lower eyelid, infra orbital, trans conjunctival ap-proaches and evaluates various parameters like accessibility, peri orbital fat interference, wound dehiscence, scar visibility, scleral show, ectropion, entropion, paresthesia, hematoma, epiphora and restricted ocular mo-vements.. The result shows even though trans conjunctival approach gives good esthetics, lower eyelid approach gives better esthetic, less intra operative and post operative complications. Subciliary approach provides less exposure and post operative problems like ectropion, scarring whereas infra orbital approach provides good exposure with poor esthetics.

Keywords: Orbital Floor, Infra orbital Approach, Sub ciliary approach, Lower eyelid approach ,Transconjunctival approach.

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[2]. Baumann A, Ewers R, Use of the preseptaltransconjunctival approach in orbit reconstruction surgery, Journal of oral and maxil-lofacial surgery, 59(3),2001, 287-291.
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[5]. McCord Jr CD, The correction of lower lid malposition following lower lid blepharoplasty - (Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1999) 103(3):1036-9...

Abstract: Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the interventions implemented to reduce morbidity and mortality due to HIV/AIDS. The evaluation of implementation process and its fidelity can give insight in to the "black-box" of the program and give on time information for improvement of the program. Objectives of the evaluation: The general objective of the study was to evaluate the quality and level of Adherence to the care and treatment among clients receiving of Antiretroviral Therapy Dessie Referral Hospital, Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: The evaluation was conducted in Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie. Adherence, quality of delivery, facilitating strategies, participant.......

Keywords: Grading, Quality, Level of Adherence, Antiretroviral Therapy

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Abstract: Enterococci, once regarded as commensal flora are emerging as pathogen for multiple human infections. Their intrinsic resistance and properties of quick acquisition of resistance towards many in use and reserve antimicrobials draws the problem statement for these bacteria. The study eyes to determine the prevalence of Enterococccal infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern to create a database and formulate guidelines for the empirical treatment. A prospective study was done over a period of 12 months in a rural tertiary care hospital enrolling patients having features of infections. Various samples were collected depending on clinical syndromes following criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Culture of samples was done followed by identification of resultant organisms....... .

Keywords: Enterococci, Vancomycin, Prevalence, Resistance

[1]. Washington C. Winn Jr., Stephen D. Allen, William M. Janda, Elmer W. Koneman, GrayW.Procop, Paul C. Schreckenberger et al; Gram –Positive cocci Part-II: Streptococci, Enterococci, and the Streptococci like bacteria; Koneman‟sColor Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology; 6th edition; USA; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins –A Wolters Kluwer Company; p700-4
[2]. Fauci,Braunwald,Kasper,Hauser,Longo,Jameson,Loscalzo; Sterptococcal and Enterococcal Infections; Harrison‟s principles of Internal Medicine ; vol-1 ,17th Edition, USA, McGraw Hill,2008;p 881-90
[3]. Betty A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm, Alice S. Weissfeld; In: Infection of the urinary tract. Bailey & Scott‟s Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th edition: USA; Mosby Elsevier; 2007; p 842-55.
[4]. Betty A. Forbes, Daniel F. Sahm, Alice S. Weissfeld; In: Bloodstream infection. Bailey & Scott‟s Diagnostic Microbiology. 12th edition: USA; Mosby Elsevier; 2007; p 778-97.
[5]. J.Colle/A.G. Fraser/B.P.Marmion /A.Simmons; In: Laboratory strategy in the diagnosis of Infective Syndrome, Lab control of antimicrobial therapy,eds. Mackie & McCartney, Practical Medical Microbiology, International Student Edition ; 14th edition USA; Churchill Livingstone,1996; p53-94, p151-78..

Abstract: Background :- The Achilles tendon is one of the most frequently ruptured tendons in the human body due to its superficial position. The primary repair of open Achilles tendon injury is important as it is associated with several complications if the treatment is delayed. Objectives :- The purpose of this study is to evaluate the final clinical outcome of open achilles tendon injury when the primary repair is perform within 12 hours of injury. Methods :- 18 patients who presented within 12 hours of open Achilles tendon injury between the age of 5to 60 years were included. All the patient were treated with emergency debridement and primary repair using krackow technique. Results :- Out of 18 patient, 11 patient returned to its normal activity level without any postoperative complications. 2 patients develop.........

Keywords – Achilles tendon, open injuries, primary repair, krackow technique, complications

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[4]. Moller M, Movin T, Granhed H, Lind K, Faxen E, Karlsson J. Acute rupture of Achilles tendon: a prospective randomized study of comparison between surgical and non-surgical treatment. J Bone Joint Surg (Br) 2001; 83(6):843-848.
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Abstract: Background: To Study the surgical outcomes of Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) technique with and without the use of silicon stent intra operatively. Materials and Methods: This is a combined retrospective and prospective study to evaluate the different causes of recurrence of epiphora in a case of endonasal DCR operation. Results – Out of 40 cases of Endoscopic endonasal DCR 34 (85%) cases were successful and only 6 (15%) cases were failure. Conclusion – Endoscopic Endonasal DCR with stent is a safe and minimally invasive procedure as it is a direct approach to the sac and no other structure is to be dissected..

Keywords: epiphora, dacryocystitis, dacryocystorhinostomy, lacrimal stent.

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Abstract: This hospital based study was conducted to determine the amount of weight gain amongst edentulous patients undergoing complete denture treatment. Height and weight of edentulous patients who gave written informed consent were measured and Body Mass Index calculated at the time of denture treatment followed by 1month and 3 month intervals. Out of the total participants (n=53), 48 (90.66%) of the participants were more than 50 years of age. In this study although the weight gain after treatment was statistically insignificant a weight loss of 1-2 kgs was recorded..........

Keywords: Weight Changes, Complete Denture, Dental Caries

[1]. F. Yang, Y. Zhang, X. Yuan, J. Yu, S. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Guo, J. Cai, N. Ma, and E. Guo, Caries experience and its association with weight status among 8-year-old children in Qingdao, China, J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 5(1), 2015, 52–58.
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[3]. E. Emami, R. De Souza, M. Kabawat, and J. Feine, The Impact of Edentulism on Oral and General Health, International Journal of Dentistry, 2013, Article ID 498305
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[5]. P. Preshaw, W. Walls, N. Jakubovics, P. Moynihan, N. Jepson and Z. Loewy, Association of removable partial denture use with oral and systemic health, Journal of Dentistry, 39(11), 2011, 711-719..

Abstract: Objectives: The objective was to present 30 mucoceles and to describe their clinical characteristics, etiology and the site of occurences. Methods: A retrospective study of 30 patients who reported to the out patient Department of Dental Surgery, Government Tiruvannamalai Medical College & Hospital, Tiruvannamalai diagnosed as mucoceles were recorded. The study variables included age, gender, location, color, etiology and dimension of the lesion was analyzed. Results: During the period..........

Keywords: Mucocele, retention type, extravasation type, trauma

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[3]. Marcello MM, Park JH, Lourenc SV. Mucocele in pediatric patients: Analysis of 36 children. Pediatr Dermatol. 2008;25:308–11.
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[5]. Oliveira DT, Consolaro A, Freitas FJ. Histopathological spectrum of 112 cases of mucocele. Braz Dent J. 1993;4:29–36..

Abstract: Calcium hydroxide is commonly used as an intracanal medicament in endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical infections. Although it is generally accepted as a highly biocompatible material, it may cause significant change in fracture resistance of root dentin of a tooth. Aims: The study aims at evaluating the effect of short term application of intracanal calcium hydroxide on resistance of root dentin of mature human permanent teeth against compressive forces with an objective to understand the interaction of the material with root dentin. Settings and Design: Sixty human extracted permanent teeth..........

Key-words: Calcium hydroxide, compressive strength, fracture resistance,intracanal medicament,root dentin.

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[5]. Cvek M. Prognosis of luxated non-vital maxillary incisors treated with calcium hydroxide and filled with gutta-percha. A retrospective clinical study. Endod Dent Traumtol1992;8:45-55..

Abstract: Malnutrition is a public health problem in developing countries and an underlying factor in one-third of the 6.6 million global under-five deaths recorded in 2012. Malnutrition is still prevalent in Nigeria as, 35.8% and 10% of Nigerian under-fives were stunted and wasted respectively in 2011. The study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of malnutrition among under-fives in Okrika Town in South-South region of Nigeria. It was a cross sectional descriptive study that obtained data on socio-demographics and nutritional history from the caregivers of 410 children selected by multistage random sampling. Their measured weights and heights were used to calculate their WAZ, HAZ and WHZ anthropometric indices. Children with WAZ, HAZ and WHZ < -2SD were classified as underweight, stunted.........

Keywords: Malnutrition, stunting, under-fives, underweight, wasting.

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[5]. Blössner M, De Onis M. Malnutrition: quantifying the health impact at national and local levels. WHO Environmental Burden of Disease Series, No. 12.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005

Abstract: Informed consent is a cornerstone of the ethics of modern medical care. In an ideal world, informed consent is a process of education – a conversation between a surgeon and a patient or family that allows the patient or family to make the best possible decision regarding care. The consent form was designed to serve as documentation of this conversation. However, in recent times, the consent form itself has become a medico legal necessity. (1) Informed consent is an established ethical and legal requirement for surgical treatment. It has important roots in Anglo-American political theory and has been articulated in the law in a series of judicial decisions (2,3). Informed consent also forms the ethical foundation for the modern practices of shared decision making and patient-centered care........

[1]. Allison et al, perspective evaluation of patient comprehension of informed consent, The journal of bone & joint surgery,2011;93:e114(1-7)
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Abstract: Dental caries is a highly prevalent multifactorialinfectious disease that afflicts a large proportionof the world's population. Detecting pathologies at their earlieststages can significantly affect patient discomfort, prognosis, therapeuticintervention, survival rates, and recurrence. Saliva has the potential to be used in the early detection and diagnosis of caries. This is due to the abundant biomarkers presentin saliva. This paper is aimed to compose a systematic review about the potential salivary biomarkers of dental caries

Keywords: Caries Susceptibility, Microorganisms, Presymtomatic State, Proteins, Salivary Biomarkers.

[1]. vanNieuwAmerongen A, Bolscher JGM, Veerman ECI. 2004. Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology? Caries Res. 38: 247–253.
[2]. Zalewska A, Zwierz K, Zółkowski K, Gindzien´ski A. 2000. Structure andbiosynthesisofhumansalivarymucins.ActaBiochim.Pol.47:1067– 1079.
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Abstract: Aim: To compare the bond strength of four different endodontic sealers to root dentin through push‑out test design.Materials and Methods: Forty single‑rooted teeth with completely formed apices were selected. Teeth were decoronated, and working length was determined. Instrumentation and irrigation were performed. The teeth were divided into four groups based upon the sealer used. Group 1: Bioceramic sealer (BioRootTMRCS), Group 2: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) based sealer (MTA Fill apex), Group 3: Epoxy resin based sealer (AH Plus Sealer), and Group 4: Calcium...........

Keywords: Bond strength; BioRootTMRCS Sealer; MTA Fill apex; AH Plus Sealer, Sealapex ,push‑out test

[1]. DeLong C, He J, Woodmansey KF. The effect of obturation technique on thepush‑out bond strength of calcium silicate sealers. J Endod 2015;41:385‑8.
[2]. Barbizam JV, Trope M, Tanomaru‑Filho M, Teixeira EC, Teixeira FB. Bond strength of different endodontic sealers to dentin: Push‑out test. J Appl Oral Sci 2011;19:644‑7
[3]. Shokouhinejad N, Hoseini A, Gorjestani H, Shamshiri AR. The effect of different irrigation protocols for smear layer removal on bond strength of a new bioceramic sealer. Iran Endod J 2013;8:10‑3.
[4]. Pawar S S, et al Journal of Conservative Dentistry Nov-Dec 2014 Vol 17
[5]. Ehsani M, Dehghani A, Abesi F, Khafri S, GhadiriDehkordi S. Evaluation of apical micro‑leakage of different endodontic sealers in the presence and absence of moisture. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2014;8:125‑9.

Abstract: Root resorption is largely pathological and known to be initiated by several factors, including pulpal necrosis, trauma, periodontal treatment, orthodontic treatment and tooth whitening agents. The loss of dental hard tissue results from the activity of osteoclasts and may occur both externally and internally. Accurate and early diagnosis of root resorption is essential for successful treatment.

Keywords: Ankylosis, Hyperplastic, Invasive, Osteoclastic activity, Resorption

[1]. Trope M. Root resorption due to dental trauma. Endod Topics 2002; 1: 79–100.
[2]. Mavridou A M, Hauben E, Wevers M, Schepers E, Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. Understanding external cervical resorption in vital teeth. J Endod 2016; 42: 1737–1751.
[3]. Patel S, Dawood A, Wilson R, Horner K, Mannocci F. The detection and management of root resorption lesions using intraoral radiography and cone beam computed tomography: An in vivo investigation. IntEndod J. 2009;42:831–8.
[4]. Silveira LF, Silveira CF, Martos J, Piovesan EM, Neto JB. Clinical technique for invasive cervical root resorption.J Conserv Dent. 2011;14:440–4
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Abstract: Adrenal and ovary are the source of androgens in female.We submit a case report of a fifty two year old, nulli parous, post menopausal woman, who presented with clinical features of virilization and abdominal distension. On further evaluation, she was found to have bilateral complex ovarian mass with adrenal mass.Blood investigation showed elevated androgens with normal adrenal hormones.The differential diagnosis of synchronous ovarian tumour with functioning adrenal carcinoma/adenoma causing virilisation or malignant ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours with adrenal metastasis was made. Patient underwent staging laparotomy with total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and left adrenalectomy...........

Keywords: virilisation, adrenal adenoma, adrenalectomy

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Abstract: Introduction Despite the decrease in the prevalence of dental caries globally, its impact on children can be life threatening. These impacts have been found to constitute health problems which affect their quality of life. 2 Saliva plays an important role in protecting the teeth from dental caries. Aim To compare the flow rate and buffering capacity of saliva in dental caries active and caries free subjects. Design A comparative study that included a representative samples of one hundred and sixty healthy children who were selected from 10 public........

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[2]. Sheiham.a: Dental caries affect body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. British dental journal 2006; 201(10): 625 -626
[3]. Ismail A T, Sohn W, Lim S, Willen J M. Predictors of dental caries progression in primary teeth. J. Dent Res 2009;88 (3):270 – 275.
[4]. Gopinath V K, Arzreanne . Saliva as a diagnostic tool for assessment of dental caries. Archives of orofacial Sciences 2006;1:57-59.
[5]. Prethi BP, Anand Pyati, Reshma Dodawad . Evaluation of flow rate, Ph, buffering capacity, calcium, total protein and total antioxidant levels of saliva in caries free and caries active children. Biomedical research 2010; 21 (3): 289-294..