iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: The Central Nervous System tumors arethe second most commontumors occurring in children following Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. these less frequently analysed due to relatively low incidence of occurrence of these tumors compared to cancers of other organs like aero-digestive tract, cervix and breast. The objective of this study was to correlate the histological grade and Ki 67 expression in various CNS neoplasms and provide a benchmark for future studies assessing data in continuum. This was a retrospective study carried out in our institution on 13 CNS neoplasms arising in children from a total of 100 cases . There was positive correlation between the Ki-67 expression and histological grade showing a proportionate rise in the labelling index with the corresponding histological grade.

Keywords: Childhood brain tumorss, Ki 67, labelling index.

[1]. Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States: Statistical report: Primary Brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2004- 2007, published February 2011.
[2]. Chang –Hyun Lee,Kyu Won Jung, HeonYoo, Sohee Park SeungHoon Lee. Epidemiology of primary brain tumors in Korea. J Korean NeurosurgSoc 2010;48:145-152.
[3]. Cho KT, Wang KC, Kim SK,Shin SH, Chi JG (2002) Pediatric brain tumors : statistic of SNUH, Korea (1986- 2000). Childs NervSyst 18:30-37.
[4]. Christopher Webb, Richard A Prayson. Pediatric pituitary adenomas. 2008; 132: 77-80.
[5]. Douglas M Miller Modern surgical pathology of the central nervous system. ; Third edition; vol 2. Pg 439- 450

Abstract: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a rare and fatal condition that is characterized by diffuse venous and/or arterial thromboembolism within a short period of time and histopathological confirmation of small-vessel occlusion in at least one organ or tissue in the presence of positive antiphospholipid antibodies. Here we discuss a case of a 28-year-old woman with CAPS. During the first week of her hospitalization, she was diagnosed with CAPS on the basis of skin necrosis, mesenteric ischaemia, renal dysfunction, and positive lupus anticoagulant. She was treated with corticosteroidsand anticoagulants. Inspite of getting adequate anticoagulation., thrombotic events did not subside, hence she was given clopidogrel as an antiplatelet agent. No further thrombotic events occurred. A loading dose of clopidogrel followed by maintainance therapy may be an effective treatment option for patients with CAPS.

Keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome, clopidogrel, skin necrosis,CAPS

[1]. Abdel-Wahab N, Lopez-Olivo MA, Pinto-Patarroyo GP, Suarez-Almozor ME. Systematic review of case reports of antiphospholipid syndrome following infection. Lupus. 2016;25:1520–31.https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203316640912. [PubMed]

[2]. Berman H, Rodriquez-Pinto I, Cervera R, Morel N, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Erkan D, et al. Rituximab use in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: Descriptive analysis of the CAPS registry receiving rituximab. Autoimmun Rev. 2013;12:1085–90.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2013.05.004. [PubMed]

[3]. Espinosa G, Cervera R, Asherson RA. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome and sepsis. A common link? J Rheumatol. 2007;34:923–6. [PubMed]

[4]. Ortel TL, Erkan D, Kitchens CS. How I treat catastrophic thrombotic syndromes. Blood. 2015;126:1285–93.https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-09-551978. [PubMed]

[5]. Cervera R, Rodriguez-Pinto I, Colafrancesco S, Conti F, Valesini G, Rosario C, et al. 14th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies Task Force Report on Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13:699–707.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.03.002. [PubMed]

Abstract: Exposure to gasoline vapour in a similar way as found at work place environment in wistar albino rats was shown to have untoward effects. The animals were exposed to gasoline vapour in an exposure chamber. The serum calcium and phosphate significantly increase (p<0.05) but potassium was significantly (p>0.05) decreased with sodium, chloride and bicarbonate showing slight decrease. The liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, ALT and AST all showed significant decrease (p>0.05) and so was the total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin significantly decreased (p>0.05), likewise total cholesterol and serum glucose (p>0.05). Lung histology showed oedema and exudates in the alveoli with infiltration of lymphoid cells around the terminal bronchioles. The kidney histology showed interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration, tubular ballooning and multi-focal hydrophobic changes within the tubular lumen and the liver showed focal mononuclear cell infiltration.

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Key words: Gasoline, liver, kidneys, lungs, rats

[1]. Al-Saggaf,S.M.,Shaker,S.,Ayoub,N.N.,Al-Jahdali,N.H.,andAbdel-Hamid,G.A. (2009).Effect of Car Fuel (Gasoline) Inhalation on Trachea of Guinea Pig: Light and Scanning Microscopic Study under Laboratory Conditions. J.Anim.Vet.Adv., 8(11):2118-2124
[2]. Boudoung,D., Jinsart,W., Karita,K., Tamura,K., and Yano,E. (2001). Respiratory Symptoms and Pulmonary Function among Traffic Police in Bangkok, Thailand. Archives of Environmental Health.1-6
[3]. Dudhmal, V.B., Sayeda, A., Jadhav, S.S. and Kharadkhedkar, S.S. (2006). Pulmonary Function in Saw Mill Factory Workers. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 50(3):313-315
[4]. Farah,K., Sameer,S., and Tandon, O.P. (2006). Pulmonary Function in Air Conditioner Users. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 50(1):67-72
[5]. Kapil Soni, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Arun Gupta, and Vedpal Yadav (2016). Impact of Petroleum Fumes on Liverand Kidney Function of Petrol Filling Attendants working in South Haryana, India. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical research (ejpmr) 3(8), 569-573

Abstract: Objective: To compare the effectiveness of prophylactic administration of topical Flurbiprofen 0.03% and Nepafenac 0.1% in maintaining mydriasis during small incision cataract surgery (SICS). Materials and methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study in elderly cataract patients given topical flurbiprofen or nepafenac prior to SICS. Horizontal and vertical diameters of pupil were measured at the beginning and end of surgery, and the mean values were compared across the two groups. Unpaired t-test was used to analyse the results. Results: A total of 70 eyes of cataract surgery patients, 35 in each group were included in the study. The mean vertical diameter of the two groups were similar whereas mean horizontal diameter was greater in nepafenac group than flurbiprofen group (p=0.001). Significant differences were seenafter IOL implantation, with the nepafenac group having the larger mean diameters in both horizontal (P = 0.003) and vertical (P = 0.000) pupillary measurements. Conclusion: Topical Nepafenac is more effective in maintaining mydriasis than Flurbiprofen.

[1]. Solomon KD, Turkalj JW, Whiteside SB, Stewart JA, Apple DJ. Topical 0.5% ketorolac vs. 003% flurbiprofen for inhibition of miosis during cataract surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1119–22.
[2]. Cervantes-Coste G, Sánchez-Castro YG, Orozco-Carroll M, Mendoza-Schuster E, Velasco-Barona C. Inhibition of surgically induced miosis and prevention of postoperative macular edema with nepafenac. ClinOphthalmol. 2009;3:219–26.
[3]. Rushforth, R. L., White, R. L., Solum, K. R. &Laukkanen, H.V. (1996). The effect of illumination on the time to, and pupil area of, maximum mydriasis.Canadian Journal of Optometry58(3): 117-122
[4]. Sarkar S, Mondal KK, Roy SS, Gayen S, Ghosh A, De RR. Comparison of preoperative nepafenac (0.1%) and flurbiprofen (0.03%) eye drops in maintaining mydriasis during small incision cataract surgery in patients with senile cataract: A randomized, double-blind study. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015;47(5):491-5.
[5]. Rodriguez-Garcia, Alejandro & Hernandez-Camarena, Julio & Lopez Jaime, Gilberto Raul & Nava-García, J.A.. (2017). Effect of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Pupillary Size During Uncomplicated Cataract Surgery.. Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J.: 1995). 33. 236-242. 10.3928/1081597X-20161206-06.

Abstract: Background: Traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among the young children are tragic but often an ignored problem. Children with injuries to their anterior teeth, and their concerned parents present a challenge for the dentist that is often unparalleled. The objective of the present study was to investigate or assess the prevalence or pattern of fracture of traumatic injuries to permanent anterior teeth in 8-14 years old patients according to Ellis classification. Materials & Methods: Only the patients whose ages were between 8-14 years were considered for this study. Results: A total of 7056 children between the ages 8-14 years were included in this study, out of which 150 patients had injured permanent anterior teeth. Results showed that boys are usually more affected than girls (boys to girls ratio was 1.83: 1 or nearly 2:1) in case of anterior tooth trauma and Upper teeth, particularly, maxillary central incisors are most commonly affected than the rest of the anterior teeth..........

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Key words: Anterior teeth, Traumatic dental injuries, Maxillary central incisors, Ellis and Davey's Classification, Epidemiology.

[1]. Andreasen FM; Andreasen JO, Bayer T. Prognosis of root fractured permanent incisors: prediction of healing modalities. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989; 5: 11.

[2]. Andreasen JO. Etiology and pathogenesis of traumatic dental injuries. A clinical study of 1298 cases. Scand J Dent Res 1970; 78: 339-42.

[3]. Von Arx T. Developmental disturbances of permanent teeth following trauma to the primary dentition. Aus Dent J. 1993;38(1):1–10.

[4]. Andreasen JO and Andreasen FM. Essentials of traumatic injuries of the teeth; 2nd Edn. Copenbagen : Munksgaard; 2000.

[5]. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Injuries to the teeth, ed 3, Copenhagen, Munksgaard, 1994.

[6]. Zerfowski M and Bremerich A. Facial trauma in children and adolescents. Clin Oral Invest, 1998; 2: 120-4.

Abstract: Background: Type-2 diabetes mellitus is an increasingly common metabolic abnormality associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications, one of which is diabetic retinopathy which is the most common cause of visual loss in adults in the developed countries. Atherogenic lipoproteins such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, oxidized low density lipoprotein, and triglycerides are associated with progression of retinopathy. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between lipoprotein A, Lp(a) and retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: 100 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. Presence of retinopathy were evaluated. Serum lipid profile..........

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Key words: Lp(a), Diabetic retinopathy, Microvascular, Macrovascular, Triglycerides, Dyslipidemia

[1]. Zheng Y, He M, Congdon N. The Worldwide epidemic of diabetic retinopathy. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, 60(5), Sept.-Oct. 2012, 428-431.

[2]. Kempen JH, O'Colmain BJ, Leske MC, Haffner SM, Klein R, Moss SE et al. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among adults in the United States. Archives of Ophthalmology, 122(4), 2004,552–563.

[3]. Powers AC; Diabetes mellitus, In : Braunwald (ed.): Harrison's principles of internal medicine 2, 18th edn. New York; McGraw Hill 2012;2152.

[4]. Newfield RS, Polak M, Marchase R, Czernichow P. Epidemiology and genetics of diabetic complications. Diabetologia,40(3),1997,B62–B64.

[5]. Hohman TC, Nishimura C, Robison Jr. WG. Aldose reductase and polyol in cultured pericytes of human retinal capillaries. Experimental Eye Research, 48(1),1989,55–60..

Abstract: Introduction: Colorectal cancers is a common malignancy and early detection and treatment of polyps before they become malignant, as well as early detection of malignant tumors has significantly made the prognosis better. Optical Colonoscopy has been the standard test for evaluation of the colon, but the information is restricted to the lumen only. However Computed Tomography Colonography with Virtual colonoscopy acts as a single investigation combining the advantages of endoscopy with cross sectional imaging, thus allowing intraluminal, transmural and also extra colonic..........

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Key words: Computed tomography colonography, Multiplanar imaging, Optical colonoscopy, Virtual colonoscopy, Polyps, HPE (Histopathological examination)

[1]. Kaur T. Consensus document for management of colorectal cancer. 2014;88. Available at http://icmr.nic.in/guide/cancer/Colorectal/Colorectal %20Cancer.pdf. Assessed August 10, 2015.
[2]. Laishram RS, Kaiho N, Shimray R, Sorokhaibam BD, Pukhrambam P, Sharma DC. Histopathological Evaluation of Colorectal Carcinomas Status in Manipur, India. International Journal of Pathology 2010;8(1):5-8.
[3]. Gray H. Abdomen. In: Darke RL, Vogl WA, Mitchel AWM, editors. Anatomy for students. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2015. p. 255-420.
[4]. Langman J. Digestive System. In: Salder TW, editor. Langmans' Embryology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2004. p. 305-19.
[5]. Ganeshan D, Elsayes KM, Vining D. Virtual colonoscopy: Utility, impact and overview. World J Radiol 2013;5(3):61–7..

Abstract: Introduction: Lymph node lesions a common clinical problem often presents a diagnostic dilemma to the clinician. Fine needle aspiration cytology is valuable in solving the above problem. Common causes of neck lymphadenopathy are inflammation, reactive hyperplasia, lymphoproliferative disorder and metastatic disease. Material and methods: This study was a prospective cross sectional study over period of one year[January 2018-December 2018] conducted in the pathology department of J.K hospital attached to L.N. Medical college and Research center, Bhopal .A total of 100 patients referred from various departments were included in our study. Result: Female were more common than males.Most common age group was third decade,most common site was cervical lymph node and most common.........

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Key words: Lymphadenopathy, Metastatic, Tubercular, Neoplastic.

[1]. Svante.R.Orell, Sterrett G F, Walter M N,Whitaker D, Manual and atlas of fine needle aspiration Cytology. 4thedition. Churchill Livingstone , 2005. Lymph node: 64-94.
[2]. Russel RCG, William NS, Bulstrode CJK (2004). Bailey and Love's short practice of surgery. 24th ed. London: Arnold.
[3]. Chau et al :.Rapid access multidisciplinary lymph node diagnostic clinic: analysis of 550 patients. Published online 2003 Feb10. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600738PMCID: PMC2747551

[4]. Shamshad RK, Naran S, Lallu S, Fauck R. Diagnostic value of needle aspiration cytology in the assessment of palpable axillary lymph nodes. A study of 336 cases..Cytology Unit, Department of Laboratory Services, Wellington Hospital, School of Medicine, Wellington, New Zealand. 2000 Nov-Dec;44(6):960-6.

[5]. Rizwan A. Khan et al;;Children with significant cervical lymphadenopathy: clinicopathological analysis and role of fine-needle aspiration in Indian setup; J. Pediatr. (Rio J.) vol.84 no.5 Porto Alegre Sept./Oct. 2008

Abstract: Peripheral ameloblastoma (PA) is a rare, benign, extraosseous odontogenic soft tissue tumour that is confined to the gingiva or the alveolar mucosa. PA presents the same histological characteristics as of intraosseous ameloblastoma, although it is less aggressive than this classical subtype. We report here, a clinical case of PA of the gingiva in the left posterior mandible. This reports emphasis the need for submitting all excised tissue for microscopic examination and to include ameloblastoma in the differential diagnosis of a gingival lesion which clinically resembles a pyogenic granuloma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, or peripheral ossifying fibroma.

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Key words: Lower gingiva, Odontogenic tumor, Peripheral ameloblastoma.

[1]. Larsson Å, Almerén H. Ameloblastoma of the jaws. Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica Section A Pathology. 1978;86(1‐6):337-49.
[2]. Gardner DG. Some current concepts on the pathology of amelo¬blastomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1996; 82: 660-9.
[3]. Gardner DG, Heikinheimo K, Shear M, Philipsen HP, Coleman H. Ameloblastoma. In: Barnes L, Eveson J, Reichart P, Sidransky D, eds. World Health Organization classi_cation of tumours; pathol¬ogy and genetics of head and neck tumours. Lyon: IARC Press, 2005: 296–300.
[4]. Kishino M, Murakami S, Yuki M, Iida S, Ogawa Y, Kogo M, et al. A immunohistochemical study of the peripheral ameloblastoma. Oral Dis 2007; 13: 575-80.
[5]. Iordanidis S, Makos C, Dimitrakopoulos J, Kariki H. Ameloblastoma of the maxilla. Case report. Australian Dental Journal. 1999;44(1):51-5..

Abstract: The art of phacoemulsification surgery has evolved over a period of time and perfecting itself in every aspect from the construction ofincisions to the intricacies of intraocular lenses (IOLs). Cornealedemafollowing phacoemulsification is a postoperativecomplication that may occur in some cases. In the age where cataract surgeryis deemed to have vision par perfection, the slightest error canleave a patient in misery. Even immediate blurry vision,however temporary, is accountable for. Postoperative cornealedema, hence, can plague even the most proficient of surgeons.

[1]. Maurice DM. The structure and transparency of the cornea. J Physiol 1957;136:263‑86.
[2]. Yi DH, Dana MR. Corneal edema after cataract surgery: Incidence and etiology. SeminOphthalmol 2002;17:110‑4.
[3]. Gagnon MM, Boisjoly HM, Brunette I, Charest M, Amyot M. Corneal endothelial cell density in glaucoma. Cornea 1997;16:314‑8.
[4]. Bigar F, Witmer R. Corneal endothelial changes in primary acute angle‑closure glaucoma. Ophthalmology 1982;89:596‑9.
[5]. Alfawaz AM, Holland GN, Yu F, Margolis MS, Giaconi JA, Aldave AJ, et al. Corneal endothelium in patients with anterior uveitis. Ophthalmology 2016;123:1637‑45.

Abstract: A total of 115 consecutive patients having cervical lymphadenopathy both inpatient and outpatient department in the above mentioned hospitals were enrolled in this study to see the clinicopathological correlation. Almost one third (29.6%) patients belonged to age 21-30 years and the mean age was found 42.1±15.6 years. The association between age with histological findings it was observed that lymphoma was found 27.6% in patients belonged to age 41-50 years, tuberculosis 14(43.8%) patients belonged to age 21-30 years, metastatic carcinoma was 10(41.7%) patients belonged to age 51-60 years, nonspecific lymphadenopathy 11(45.8%) patients belonged to age 21-30 years. Male to female ratio was 2.59:1. More than three fourth patients were married. More than one fourth..........

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Key words: Clinical profile, Histopathological pattern, cervical lymphadenopathy

[1]. Ageep, A.K. (2012), "Assessment of adult peripheral lymphadenopathy in Red Sea State, Sudan‟, International Journal of Tropical Disease. 2(1). p. 24-32.
[2]. Albasri, A.M., Ei-Siddig, A.A., Hussainy, A.S & Alhujaily, A.S. (2014), "Pattern of lymph node pathology in western Saudi Arabia‟, Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 15(11). p. 4677-81.
[3]. American Academy of Pediatrics. Tuberculosis. In: Pickering LK, ed. Red Book: 2003Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 26th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2003:p. 642-60.
[4]. Bazemore, A.W & Smucker, D.R. (2002), "Lymphadenopathy and malignancy‟, Am Fam Physician.66.p. 2103-10.
[5]. Bhattacharya, S. (1998), "FNAC diagnosis of Tuberculosis an eight year study at Banglore‟, Indian journal of medical science. 52 (11). p. 498.

Abstract: The study provided evidence for the ethno-medicinal claims of Chaya and scent leaves. The in vitro antibacterial effect ofCnidoscolusaconitifolius(Chaya) and Ocimumgratissimum (Scent) hydromethanolic leaf extracts were determined and compared. They were tested against pure cultures of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiellaoxytoca,Shigellaflexneri, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcusaureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilisandVibrocholerausing agar well diffusion method.Methanol (80%) was used for theSoxhlet extraction of the active constituents of the....... .

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Key words: Antibacterial, Hydromethanolic Extracts, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Ocimumgratissimum

[1]. World health organization (WHO) (1999).African traditional medicine. Afr. Tech. Rep series 1:3-4.
[2]. Ojinnaka, C.M. (2011). In defense of traditional/herbal medicine: valedictory lecture series No.3, University of Port Harcourt Press, Port Harcourt: 4 & 10.
[3]. Aluyi, A. S. H., Ekhaise O.F., and Irhuegbe, B.O. (2003). Antimicrobial properties of Palisortahirsute(thumb) K.schum. Nigeria journal of applied sciences. 21:96-100.

[4]. Maqsood, S., Singh, P.,Samoom, M.H. and Balange, A.K. (2010).Effects of dietarychitosanon non-specific immune response and growth of cyrinuscarpio Challenged with Aeromomahydrophilla.Iinter Aqua Res. 2:77-85.
[5]. Nacimento,G.C.F., Lacatelli, J., Freitas, P.C. and Silva G.L.(2003) Antibacterial activities Plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic resistant bacteria. Braz J Microbiology.pp 140-146.

Abstract: Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths in the world especially in developing countries, its ranked the 2nd common cause of cancer in women. Latin America, sub-Sahara African, south and South East Asia has the highest incident rate of cervical cancer of about 15% of cancer globally. Zambia is ranked second with Incidence Rate of (53.7/100,000 women) in sub-Saharan Africa. To determine the incidence of cervical cancer in Zambia, assess the risk factors of cervical cancer and find out the preventive measures available. The systematic review followed the checklist guidelines of PRIAMA and this review is based on scientific articles, Peer-reviewed journals on cervical cancer from databases like Pub med and Google scholar.........

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Key words: Cervical cancer, incidence rate, risk factors, screening test, prevention, Zambia

[1]. Anorlu RI. Cervical cancer: the sub-Saharan African perspective. Reprod Health Matters. 2008 Nov;16(32):41–49. [PubMed]
[2]. Bowa K, Wood C, Chao A, Chintu C, Mudenda V, Chikwenya M. The Epidemiology of Cancers at Lusaka University Teaching Hospital in Zambia. East and Central African Journal of Surgery. 2008;13(2):125–131.
[3]. Mwanahamuntu MH, Sahasrabuddhe VV, Kapambwe S, Pfaendler KS, Chibwesha C, Mkumba G, et al. Advancing cervical cancer prevention initiatives in resource-constrained settings: insights from the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia. PLoS Med. 2011 May;8(5):e1001032. [PMC free article][PubMed]
[4]. Ng'andwe C, Lowe JJ, Richards PJ, Hause L, Wood C, Angeletti PC. The distribution of sexually-transmitted Human Papillomaviruses in HIV positive and negative patients in Zambia, Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 16;7:77. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[5]. Sahasrabuddhe VV, Mwanahamuntu MH, Vermund SH, Huh WK, Lyon MD, Stringer JS, et al. Prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes among HIV-infected women in Zambia. Br J Cancer. 2007 May 7;96(9):1480–1483. [PMC free article] [PubMed].

Abstract: In this modern era, newer technologies and their applications improve the predictability and outcome of the conventional procedures to a great extent. Lasers are introduced into the field of dentistry in 1989, which is widely used in all branches of dentistry.In this article, the scope of lasers in various aspects of prosthodontics is discussed.

[1]. Lasers in Prosthodontics - An Overview Part 1: Fundamentals ofDental Lasers; Aruna M. Bhat; Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society; March 2010;Volume 10; Page13–26
[2]. Dental Lasers – A Prosthodontic Perspective!!! Dr. GursahibaSahni, Dr. Vijaysinh More; IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS); Volume 14, Issue 7 July. 2015; Page 32-36; www.iosrjournals.org
[3]. Laser and it's Application in Prosthetic Dentistry; Shaista Durrani;Int J Dent Med Res; VOL 1; ISSUE 6; MAR- APR 2015; Page 183-185
[4]. Management of hyperpigmentation of lips with 940 nm diode laser: Two case reports; Vidyaa Hari Iyer,Sana Farista; International Journal of Laser dentistry; January-April 2014; Volume 4; Isue 1; Page 31-38
[5]. Lasers in Prosthodontics- A Review; Priya Nachrani , Rajeev Srivastava , Umesh Palekar ,Vivek Choukse; NJDSR; Number 2, Volume 1, January 2014; Page 74-77.