iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare manifestation of chronic kidney inflammation.It is an uncommon chronic destructive granulomatous process of renal parenchyma in association with long-term urinary tract obstruction and infection.It can be life-threatening if not recognized early and treated appropriately. It affects females more often than males, with a wide range of age, from newborn to elderly. The present study describes the case of 42 year old female who presented with the complaint of pain abdomen right side and radiological evidence of renal calculi..

[1]. Ghoz HM, Williams M, Perepletchikov A, et al. An unusual presentation of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: psoas abscesswithreno-colic fistula. Oxf Med Case Reports 2016;2016:150–3.

[2]. Alan C, Ataus S, Tunc B. Xanthogranulamatous pyelonephritis with psoas abscess: 2 cases and review of the literature. IntUrolNephrol 2004;36:489–93.

[3]. Chuang CK, Lai MK, Chang PL, Huang MH, Chu SH, Wu CJ, Wu HR. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: experience in 36 cases. J Urol. 1992;147(2):333–6.

[4]. Craig WD, Wagner BJ, Travis MD. Pyelonephritis: radiologic-pathologic review. Radiographics. 2008;28(1):255–77. doi: 10.1148/rg.281075171.

[5]. Leoni AF, Kinleiner P, Revol M, et al. Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Review of 10 cases. Arch Esp Urol. 2009;62(4):259–271

Abstract: Introduction- Generally, the method of choice for high volume cataract surgery in a camp setting is the Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery. We assessed the feasibility of Phacoemulsification surgery for cataract patients identified in a rural camp.Methods- The present study was designed as a retrospective review of the hospital records of patients who underwent phacoemulsification in a rural camp. The surgery was performed by a single expert Phacoemulsification surgeon using foldable acrylic lenses.The details on various demographic and outcome related variables were collected. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Results-A total of 146 eligible patients were included in this study. Nearly 82.2% (120/146) had grade 2 nuclear sclerosis, followed by grade 3 (14/146, 9.6%),.........

.

Key words: Phacoemulsification, Cataract, Rural Eye Camp, High Volume Cataract Surgery.

[1]. Murthy G, Gupta SK, John N, Vashist P. Current status of cataract blindness and vision 2020: The right to sight initiative in India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008;56:489-94.
[2]. Yorston D. High volume surgery in developing countries. Eye 2005;19:1083-89.
[3]. Yorston D, Foster A. Audit of extra-capsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation as a routine treatment for age related cataract in east Africa. Br J Ophthalmol 1999; 83: 897–901.
[4]. Sangameswaran RP, Verma GK, Raghavan N, Joseph J, Sivaprakasam M. Cataract surgery in mobile eye surgical unit: Safe and viable alternative. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 2016;64:835-39.
[5]. Devendra J, Agarwal S, Singh PK. A comparative study of clear corneal phacoemulsification with rigid IOL versus SICS; the preferred surgical technique in low socio-economic group patients of rural areas. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR. 2014;8:VC01-VC03..

Abstract: Gastric perforation in an adolescent age group is a very rare disorder. Etiology of gastric perforation still remains unclear. Although case reports on duodenal perforation are available but only handful of case reports are available for gastric perforation in adolescent age group. If we overlook, it will end up in life threatening situations. Although perforations due to various etiologies are common, spontaneous gastric perforation is very rare. Here we share our experience on a 17year old boy who presented with complaints of abdominal pain which turned out to be a gastric perforation. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed, which revealed pre-pylorus perforation and was closed with modified graham's patch.

.

Key words: Gastric perforation, Adolescent, pneumoperitoneum, Grahams patch repair

[1]. Akalonu A, Yasrebi M, Rios ZM. Spontaneous gastric perforation in two adolescents. Am J Case Rep. 2016;17:694
[2]. Nasio NA, Saidi H. Perforated peptic ulcer disease at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Central African J Surg. 2009;14(1):13-6
[3]. Libeer F, Vanhamel N, Huyghe M, Verlinden E. Spontaneous gastric rupture in non-neonatal children: A case report. Acta Chir Belg. 2007;107:560–63
[4]. Testini M, Portincasa P, Piccinni G, Lissidini G, Pellegrini F, Greco L. Significant factors associated with fatal outcome in emergency open surgery for perforated peptic ulcer. World J Gastroenterol. 2003;9:2338-40.
[5]. Syanes C, Lie RT, Syanes K, Kie SA, Soreide O. Adverse effects of delayed treatment for perforated peptic ulcer. Ann Surg. 1994;220(2):168-75.

Abstract: Background And Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the proportion of burst abdomen in post midline laparotomy patient using interrupted X sutures versus continuous suture technique in sheath closure. Materials And Methods: A total of 100 patients undergoing midline laparotomy electively and in emergency settings ,from the department of general surgery whose satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria ,after taking written and informed consent were divided in to two groups of 50 each.In group A ,closure was performed using No.1 prolene suture, using interrupted X type, and in group B closure was done by continuous method, and these patients were followed up in the post operative period.......

Key words: Laparatomy, Rectus sheath, Interrupted X, Continuous, Burst abdomen

[1]. Tariq M, Jamal A, Khan MA, et al. Comparison of two suturing techniques: Interrupted mass closure and continuous mass closure with polypropelene in laparotomy wound. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2008;2:174-6.
[2]. Lofty W. Burst abdomen: Is it a preventable condition? Egyptian Journal of Surgery 2009;28:128-32.
[3]. Srivastava A, Roy S, Sahay KB, et al. Prevention of burst abdomen wound by a new technique: A randomized trial comparing continuous versus interrupted X–suture. IndianJournal of Surgery 2004; 66:19-27.
[4]. Blanco E, Aller MA, Ortega L, et al. Vertical figure-of-eight stitches for surgical closure of laparotomies in the rat. Spanish Journal of Surgical Research 2005;8:186-92.
[5]. Ceydeli A, Rucinski J, Leslie W. Finding the best abdominal closure: An evidence–based review of the literature. Current Surgery 2005;62:220-5...

Abstract: Aim: To identify cause, clinical profile and evaluate final visual outcome of ocular trauma in pediatric age-group (= < 15 years) patients attending OPD. Materials and Methods: Hospital based observational study was carried out in opd& casualty of MKCG medical college &hospital ,Berhampur(Orissa) during OCT 1 2017-DEC 31 2017 where children up to 15 years age with history of ocular trauma attending the opd were included. Demographic details like age and sex, activity at time of injury, identifiable objects causing injury, presence or absence of supervision during injury were noted with follow-up period of 60 days. Results: In our study, total 23 patients...........

[1]. MacEwen CJ, Baines PS, Desai P. Eye injuries in children: The current picture. Br J Ophthalmol1999;83:933‑6.
[2]. Kaur A, Agrawal A. Pediatric ocular trauma. Curr Sc 2005;89:43‑6.
[3]. Brophy M, Sinclair SA, Hostetler SG, Xiang H. Pediatric eye injury‑related hospitalizations in the United States. Pediatrics 2006;117:e1263‑71.
[4]. BurgueñoMontañés C, Colunga Cueva M, González Fernández E, Cienfuegos García S, Diez‑Lage Sánchez A, DiabSafa M. Eye injuries in childhood. An EspPediatr1998;48:625‑30.
[5]. MacEwen CJ. Ocular injuries. J R Coll Surg Edinb1999;44:317‑23..

Abstract: Pregnancy is a period throughout which women undergo significant changes. Virtually all body systems are affected, including the skin.. Most changes in the female body are due to hormonal and mechanical alterations. During pregnancy profound immunologic, metabolic, endocrine and vascular changes occur, that are responsible for the changes of the skin and its appendages, both physiologic and pathologic. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of physiological and pathological skin changes in pregnancy. This study included 400 pregnant women attending the DVL OPD, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of a ACSR Govt. General hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, with skin problems. The present study was conducted from June 2017 to December 2018 over a period of 18 months. Detailed history elicitation and complete physical and dermatological examination........

Key words: Cutaneous, Dermatophytes, infections, Gravidarum, Pregnancy etc

[1]. Gary Cunningham, Texas John C. Hauth, MD Alabama Kenneth J. Leveno, WILLIAMS OBSTETRICS - 22nd Ed. (2005) , NewYork McGRAW-HILL 56. Dermatological Disorders, Page No. 1249-56.
[2]. Elling SV, Powell FC, Physiological changes in the skin during the pregnanacy. Clin Dermatol 1997;15:35-40.
[3]. Silonie sachdeva, The Dermatoses Of Pregnancy, silonie sachdeva, Indian J Dermatol. 2008; 53(3): 102–103.
[4]. Rudolph CMA. Dermatoses of Pregnancy - Clues to Diagnosis, Foetal Risk and Therapy. Ann Dermatol 2011; 23(3): 265-75.
[5]. Stephansson O, Dickman PW, Johansson A, Cnattingius S. Maternal hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy and risk of stillbirth. JAMA 2000; 284:2611.

Abstract: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterised by the non-malignant overgrowth of prostatic tissue surrounding the urethra, ultimately constricting the urethral opening, and giving rise to associate lower urinary tract symptoms. This was a prospective observational study of the histopathological findings of biopsy of patients undergoing TURP or open prostatectomy for obstructive urinary symptoms due to BPH admitted to Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, from January 2017 to October 2018. Those cases, with elevated age adjusted PSA values, abnormal DRE, documented UTI and proved adenocarcinoma prostate (CaP) were excluded from the study. 100 patients included in the study. Out of 100 BPH cases 8 cases were found to have occult carcinoma prostate on......

Key words: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Occult carcinoma prostate, open prostatectomy, TURP.

[1]. Dhingra N, Bhagwat D. Benign prostatic hyperplasia: An overview existing treatment. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2011;43(1):6.
[2]. Miah S, Catto J. BPH and prostate cancer risk. Indian Journal of Urology. 2014;30(2):214-218.
[3]. Jens E. Altwein, Peter Faul, Wolfgang Schneider (Eds.) Incidental Carcinoma of the prostate. Springer Science & Business Media, 06-Dec-2012.
[4]. Bostwick DG, Cooner WH, Denis L, Jones GW, Scardino PT, Murphy GP. The association of benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate. Cancer. 1992;70(1 Suppl):291–301.
[5]. Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, et al. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: Results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men. J Urol 1994;151:1283-90...

Abstract: Background.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing problem due to the epidemic of obesity. Although the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still not fully understood, some studies suggested that angiogenesismight play a role in its progression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a main proangiogenic factor implicated in angiogenesis. Aim. To asses the significance of serum VEGF levelsin NAFLD patients. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 40 consecutive NAFLD patients and 40 healthy controls who came to Adam Malik General Hospital Medanbetween May 2018 and July 2018 were included. The NAFLD diagnosis required evidence of hepatic steatosis on ultrasound and exclusion of other causes of liver injury. Serum VEGF levels were determined........

Keywords: NAFLD, angiogenesis, VEGF.

[1]. Ahmed M. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2015. World J Hepatol.2015;7(11): 1450-1459.
[2]. Younossi ZM, Koenig AB, Abdelatif D, Fazel Y, Henry L, Wymer M. Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease—meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and outcomes. Hepatology. 2016;64(1):73-84.
[3]. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Hepatology. 2012;55(6):2005-2012.
[4]. LaBrecque et al. World Gastroenterology Organisation Global Guidelines Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2014;48(6):467-473.
[5]. EASL–EASD–EASO. Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol (2016)...

Abstract: This study was done on job satisfaction of the nurses working in Malda medical college and hospital, is a hospital based observational descriptive study, the design being cross sectional in nature. Total of 180 samples were taken which were analysed and hence we can derive that Majority of the nurses (73.33%) had good relations with their colleagues.Majority of them enjoying their job and are fully satisfied.

Keywords: Job, Nurses, Satisfaction

[1]. 2012 nurses survey questionnaire, www.jacksonhealthcare.com
[2]. Curationals September 2007: Job satisfaction among nurses in a public hospital in Gauteng by C Selebi and A Minnaar
[3]. International journal of science and research (IJSR) , volume 3 issue 6, June 2014 :job satisfaction among nurses working at selected tertiary care hospitals by Namrata Mohite, Mahadeo Shinde and Apeksha Gulavani , www.ijsr.net
[4]. American journal of nursing science, vol.4, no. 4,2015: job satisfaction among nurses in public hospitals in Calabar, Cross river state Nigeria, by Samson-Akpan patience Edoho ,Edet Olaide Bamdele, Ojong Idang Neji, Asuquo Ekaette Frank http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajns
[5]. Job satisfaction of nurses and their productivity by Md Dilnawaz ,MBA (HM) http://www.slideshare.net/MDDILNAWAZ1/job-satisfaction-of-nurses-and-their-productivity?from_m_app=android.

Abstract: Need for the study: -Rabies is highly fatal viral disease of central nervous system. There are certain cultural practices in management of wound following animal bite, which are widely prevalent. Objectives: 1) To study socio-demographic profile in animal bite victims. 2) To study cultural practices in animal bite victims regarding the initial management of animal bite. Methodology: - A cross sectional study was carried out in the anti-rabies clinic from 1st January to 31March 2018.Systematic random sampling method was used. Every 3rd animal bite victim is enrolled in study after consent, till 260 samples achieved. Results:-In this study 73.08 % were male and 26.92 % were female. Most of the animal bite victims were educated up to primary school (21.54%) and secondary school (21.54%).43.08 % of animal bite victims belong to class IV socioeconomic status. Most.......

Keywords: Animal bites, Cultural practices, Food taboos

[1]. Kishor J, National Health Programs of India. 11th edition, New Delhi. Century Publications. 2014;441
[2]. (Jakasania AH, Dixit GT, Patel AP, Mansuri FM, Makadia KD. Misconceptions and Myths Regarding Animal Bite and Rabies: A Community Based Study in Ahmedabad. Hindu.;202:75.).
[3]. KendreVarsharani V, Chinte LT, Jadhav YU. Cultural Practices among Animal Bite Cases of Government Medical College, Latur.MedPulse – International Medical Journal.2014 Feb;1(3):61-64.
[4]. Chinnaian S, Sekaran G, Ramachandran U, Ravi R, Pandurangan MK. Taboos related to dog bite in an urban area of Kancheepuram District of Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015 Jul;9(7):LC11.
[5]. Park K.: Park's Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 24th Ed. Jabalpur. BanarasidasBhanot; 2017:P294-99..

Abstract: The cystic artery is the key structure to be ligated during laparoscopic or conventional cholecystectomy. The possible complications like hemorrhage or hepatobiliary injury are always centered on the search, dissection, and ligation of the cystic artery, many a time because of possibility of variations in its course and relations to the hepatic ducts. This study was carried out to document the normal anatomy and variations of the cystic artery in relation to calot's triangle to improve surgical safety. This study conducted on 50Adulthumancadaversshows. the arteries approached the gall bladder anterior to common hepatic duct in 5 cadavers out of the 50, that is 10% of cases..

Keywords: cystic artery, calot's triangle, hepaticducts,cystic duct

[1]. Andall RG1, Matusz P2, du Plessis M1, Ward R3, Tubbs RS1,4, Loukas M5.The clinical anatomy of cystic artery variations: a review of over 9800 cases.1.SurgRadiol Anat016 Jul;38(5):529-39. doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1600-y. Epub 2015 Dec 23.PMID:26698600

[2]. Balija M1, Huis M, Nikolic V, Stulhofer M.Laparoscopic visualization of the cystic artery anatomy.2.World J Surgery 1999 Jul;23(7):703-7; discussion 707. PMID:10390590

[3]. Balija M1, Huis M, Stulhofer M, Nikolic V.[Contribution to the nomenclature of variations of the cystic artery].Chirurg. 2001 Feb;72(2):154-8.PMID:11253674

[4]. B KK1.Dual Cystic Arteries in Association with Caterpillar Hump of Right Hepatic Artery- A Case Report and its Surgical Relevance.J Clin Diagn Res.2015 Jul;9(7):AD01-2. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2015/13089.6156. Epub 2015 Jul 1.PMID:26393113

[5]. Chen X1, Luo D, Li S, Mao J, Zhou Z, Yu S, Duan Z.Experience in prevention of serious complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Chin Med J ((Engl).11996 Mar;109(3):223-7.PMID:8758314.

Abstract: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been a major public health problem during this century, and will remain a challenge for the future. Worldwide COPD is in spotlight, because of its high prevalence, morbidity and mortality create powerful challenges for healthcare systems [1]. The global prevalence of COPD in adults aged >40years was approximately 9-10 per cent and the overall prevalence of Chronic Bronchitis in adults >35years alone was 3.49%. COPD may develop due to multiple factors and the risk factors can be genetic or environmental[2]. In chronic respiratory disease like COPD, it becomes very essential to create awareness among the patients about medication and disease. This study was to Analyze drug prescription pattern in COPD using Gold..........

[1]. Joan B, Soriano, Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overview epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2011; 8:363-367.
[2]. V.K. Vijayan. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Indian J Med Res.2013; 137:251-269.
[3]. Vestbo, Jørgen (2013). "Definition and Overview". Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. pp. 1–7.
[4]. Reilly, John J.; Silverman, Edwin K.; Shapiro, Steven D. (2011). "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". In Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony; Kasper, Dennis; Hauser, Stephen; Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (18th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp. 2151–9. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6.
[5]. Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M (April 2012). "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Lancet 379(9823): 1341–51. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9.PMID 22314182

Abstract: Jejunal strictures are rare and cause primarily problems of etiological diagnosis. They are often revealed by chronicle presentation that depends on the nature of the stricture. Radiological investigations can locate the stricture and the etiological diagnosis that is most often inflammatory. Endoscopy plays a major diagnosis and therapeutic role with the advent of new technologies. We report a rare case of idiopathic jejunal stricture in a patient aged 28 years admitted for chronic vomiting. Radiology and enteroscopy described a mega jejunum. No specific etiology was identified. Surgical resection has removed the obstacle and the pathological study of the surgical specimen did not find any inflammatory of cancerous lesion. The patient improved clinically with no relapse with a follow up of 48 months...........

[1]. Sonika U, Saha S, Kedia S, Dash NR, Pal S, Das P et al. Predictive factors for malignancy in undiagnosed isolated small bowel strictures. Intest Res. 2017 Oct;15(4):518-523.

[2]. Grattan BJ Jr, Bennett T, Starks MR.Diaphragm Disease: NSAID-Induced Small Bowel Stricture. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 25;12(2):327-330
[3]. Bessissow T, Reinglas J, Aruljothy A, Lakatos PL, Van Assche G. Endoscopic management of Crohn's strictures. World J Gastroenterol. 2018 May 7;24(17):1859-1867
[4]. Hwang Choi, Kyu-Yong Choi, Bo-in Lee, et al .Differentiation of small bowel strictures by double-balloon endoscopy .GIE.2006; 63(5),AB186.
[5]. Shahab Mehdizadeh, Simon K.Lo.Treatment of small-bowel diaphragm disease by using double-balloon enteroscopy. GIE.2004 ;64(6) ,1014-1017

Abstract: This Cross-sectional, hospital-based study was obtained to establish normative data for the Computerized Tomography (CT) measurement of liver volume and dimensions in healthy Sudanese Subjects. The study took place at Alkuwaitti Specialized Hospital. The participants were 197 healthy Sudanese adults; their ages were between 18year to 82 years old. CT evaluation for the liver volume and dimensions was obtained. The liver volume was correlated with the age, gender, weight, BSA, total body water contents, Hounsfield (HU) and other liver dimensions of the participants .The current study found that the minimum liver volume was 1010 cm3 , maximum volume.......

Key Words: Liver volume, age, CT scan ,BSA

[1]. Gao L, Heath DG, Kuszyk BS, et al. Automatic liver segmentation technique for threedimensional visualization of CT data. Radiology 1996;201:359–64.
[2]. Strunk H, Stuckmann G, Textor J, et al. Limitations and pitfalls of couinaud's segmentation of the liver in transaxial imaging. Eur Radiol 2003;13:2472–82.
[3]. Zhang B, Lewis SM. A study of the reliability of clinical palpation of the spleen. Clin Lab Haematol1989; 11: 7-10.
[4]. Joshi R, Singh A, Jajoo N, Pai M, Kalantri SP. Accuracy and reliability of palpation and percussion for detecting hepatomegaly: a rural hospital based study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2004;23: 171-174.

[5]. Kawasaki S, Makuuchi M, Matsunami H, Hashikura Y, Ikegami T, Chisuwa H, et al. Preoperative measurement of segmental liver volume of donors for living related liver transplantation. Hepatology 1993;18:115-120.
[6]. Urata K, Kawasaki S, Matsunami H, Hashikura Y, Ikegami T, Ishizone S, et al. Calculation of child and adult standard liver volume for liver transplantation. Hepatology 1995;21:1317-1321.

Abstract: A comprehensive and retrospective study was conducted at post graduate department of general surgery SKIMS Medical College, Bemina over a period of 5 years from February 2012 to March 2016 where about 70 patients (children) of acute small gut obstruction were studied. The aim of this study was to find and decode the commonest cause of intestinal obstruction in our population with emphasis on age, sex and regional distribution. While studying it was found that the leading cause of obstruction was due to Ascariasis (73%) followed by adhesion obstruction(11.4%).The most vulnerable age group was between 4 to 11 years with peak between 4to 7 years, and majority of patients were from rural background. Conservative treatment was effective in maximum number of patients (71%) and lesser number of patients

.

Key words: Ascariasis, anastamosis,enterotomy,

[1]. Ahmad M, incidence of helminthic and protozoal infestation in rural population of kashmirThesis for MD (Medicine) ,University of Kashmir,1978.
[2]. Louw JH. Abdominal complications ofAscaris limbricoides infestation in children.Br] Sllrg 1966; 53: 510-521.
[3]. Louw ]H. Biliary ascariasis in childhood. S Afr] Sllrg 1974; 12: 219-225.
[4]. Khuro MS. Ascariasis. Gastroenterol Clin N Am 1996; 25:553-576
[5]. N. E. N. Agugua. Intestinal ascariasis in Nigerian children. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 1983; 29(4):237-239..

Abstract: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is the most common postoperative complication causing increased morbidity, mortality, hospital stay and high cost of treatment. Many aseptic precautions are applied to prevent SSI. Use of prophylactic antibiotic is a recognized and worldwide acceptable means to prevent SSI in clean contaminated surgery. But antibiotic regimen is still controversial in place to place and hospital to hospital. Somewhere single dose is used but somewhere 3 doses (Short Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy- SPAT) and 7 days conventional (Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy- PAT) dose is used. But which regimen is more acceptable is a matter of study. This interventional type of experimental study was carried out on 300 consecutive and purposive cases upon which clean contaminated..........

Key Words: Outcome, Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy, Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy (PAT), Comparison

[1]. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson MI, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Centre for disease control and prevention (CDC) hospital infection and control practice advisory committee. Am J Infect Control. 1999; 27:97-134.
[2]. Fabiano G, Pezzolla A, Filograna MA, Ferrarese F. Risk factors of surgical wound infection. Ann Ital Chir. 2004; 75(1):11-6.
[3]. Medeiros AC, Aires-Neto T, Azevedo GD, Pereira MJ, Araújo VL, Pinheiro M, Brandão-Neto J. Surgical Site Infection in a University Hospital in Northeast Brazil. The Brazilian J. Infec. Dis. 2005; 9(3):310-14.
[4]. Tom B, Jonathan V, Roberts, Kevin S, Karl A. German, A randomized trial of one versus three doses of Augmentin. Postgrad Med J. 1992; 68:811 -16.
[5]. Griffiths J, Demianczuk N, Cordoviz M, Joffe AM. Surgical site infection following elective caesarean section: a case-control study of post discharge surveillance. J ObstetGynaecol Can. 2005; 27:340-4..

Abstract: MRI of orbits is a non-invasive, non-ionizing and sensitive imaging modality which has become a key diagnostic tool in the field of radiology. The aim of our study is to highlight the importance of MRI in the evaluation of the orbital pathologies by the radiologists to aid attending ophthalmologist in the correct diagnosis of orbital lesions and manage them for better outcome. Total of 50 cases were included in the study/At the end of our study we were to conclude that MRI of orbit helps in accurately identifying the pathologies of eye in both opaque and non-opaque media and thereby helping in its effective management.

Keywords: MRI, Orbit, masses, lacrimal, Retinal detachment, Staphyloma, Coloboma, Melanoma

[1]. Mysore, N, Goncalves, FG, Chankowsky, J and Del Carpio-O'Donovan, R. Adult orbital masses: a pictorial review. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes. 2012; 63(1): 39–46.

[2]. Zimmerman CF, Schatz NJ, Glaser JS. Magnetic resonance imaging of optic nerve meningiomas. Enhancement with gadolinium-DTPA. Ophthalmology 1990;97:585-91.

[3]. Nayak BK, Desai S, Maheshwari S. Interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging of orbit: Simplified for ophthalmologists (Part I). Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research. 2013 Jan 1;1 (1):29.
[4]. Goh, PS, Gi, MT, Charlton, A, Tan, C, Gangadhara Sundar, JK and Amrith, S. Review of orbital imaging. European Journal of Radiology. 2008; 66(3): 387–95.
[5]. Barkovich AJ. Pediatric neuroimaging. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2005)