iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: All over the world the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus has increased to reach epidemic proportions. The incidence has increased four times in the last three decades and today about 10percent of the population between the age of 20 and 80 years suffer from the disease worldwide. Most of these are type 2 diabetics.1. The prevalence figures of DM in Malaysia is 20.8% for adults over 30years age and the prevalence among the ethnic Indians over the age 18 years is 24.9 %. It is also projected that by the year 2020, 30 % of the population will suffer from the disease.2A sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical activity and unhealthy dietary habits (excessive consumption of red and processed meats, refined flour and sweetened drinks) are the major reasons for this epidemic spreading so rapidly. In addition to this an ageing population, with a better economic status living in urban conditions have all contributed.

Keywords: DM Diabetes Mellitus DF Diabetic Foot DFU Diabetic Foot Ulcer

[1]. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas — 7th Edition. DiabetesAtlas http://www.diabetesatlas.org/ (2015).
[2]. National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2011
[3]. Wylie-Rosset J, Walker EA, Shamoon H, Engel S, Basch C, Zybert P. Assessment of documented foot examinations for patients with diabetes in inner-city primary care clinics. Arch Fam Med. 1995;4:46–50.
[4]. Bailey TS, Yu HM, Rayfield EJ. Patterns of foot examination in a diabetes clinic. Am J Med. 1985;78:371–4.
[5]. Edelson GW, Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Caicco G. The acutely infected diabetic foot is not adequately evaluated in an inpatient setting. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:2373–8.

Abstract: Hypoglycemia in newborn is defined as blood sugar level less than 40mg/dl. It is very common problem in newborns especially pre-terms. The following study has been done to see the pattern of hypoglycaemia among newborns admitted in RIMS, Ranchi. Initialy blood sugar has been determined using glucometer followed by laboratorical confirmation.

Key words: Hypogycemia, pre-terms, boood sugar, glucometer

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Abstract: Myopia is the commonest refractive error followedby hypermetropia. Many conservative and surgical modalitiesare available for correcting the refractive errors, each withvarying efficacy and safety. This study was planned to find outthe pattern of refractive errors and the extent of correctionpossible with conservative methods.A hospital based cross sectional studywas done in the months of March, April and May 2018, among teenagepatients attending the Out-Patient Department(OPD) of tertiary hospital in Imphal,Manipur, India. A total of 980 teenage patients attending the OphthalmologyOPD who were having refractive error were included in the study. Around 42.85% of the participants complained of decreasedvision while 35.71% had recurrent bouts of..........

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Key words: Myopia, hypermetropia, refraction, visual acuity, refractive errors

[1]. Jobke S, Kasten E, Vorwerk C, The prevalence rates of refractive errors among children, adolescents, and adults in Germany, Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ), 2(3), 2008, 601.
[2]. Van Rens GH, Refractive error and axial length among Alaska Eskimos. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), 69, 1991, 27–32.
[3]. Lin LLK, Shih YF, Hsiao CK, et al. 2004, Prevalence of myopia in Taiwanes schoolchildren: 1983 to 2000, Ann Acad Med Singapore,33, 2004, 27–33.
[4]. Rose K, Smith W, Morgan I, et al, The increasing prevalence of myopia:Implications for Australia,Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 29, 2001, 116–20.
[5]. Saw SM, Tong L, Chua WH, et al, Incidence and progression of myopia in Singaporean school children,IOVS, 46, 2005,51–7..

Abstract: Background and Objective Fine needle cytology (FNC) has gained tremendous popularity in recent times among clinicians and pathologist. Liquid based cytology is a new technology for fine needle aspiration samples. It is used for mainly for cervical cancer screening , now also used for non gynaecological samples. In this study thyroid lesions( 30 cases) are compared with both techniques of FNAC Conventional preparation and Liquid based preparation (E-PREP) Materials and Methods This study is a prospective study conducted........

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Key words: Conventional smear, liquid based preparation, Thyroid

[1]. Kün M. A new instrument for the diagnosis of tumours. Monthly J Med Sci1846;7:853.
[2]. Svante R. Orell andandphilipevielh, Orell&Sterrett's fine needle aspiration cytology, 5th edition; The techniques of FNA Cytology, chapter 2: 8-27.
[3]. HeejaeJoo, HyuneeYim, Taehui Lee, Sunglim Kim "Concordance rate between E-Prep and SurePathincervicalcytologic examination":Department ofpathology, Ajouuniv p pgy, j ersity hospital, Medplan pathology laboratory center.
[4]. Mair S, Dumber F, Becker P, Plessis WD. Fine Needle Cytology – Is Aspiration Suction Necessary?A study of 100 masses in various sites. ActaCytol 1989;33:809-813
[5]. N.Mygdakos,Sylvia Nikolaidou,Anna TzilivakiD. Tamiolakis,"Liquid Based Preparation (LBP) cytology versus Conventional Cytology (CS) in FNA samples from breast,thyroid, salivary gland and soft tissues. Our experience in Crete (Greece): Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology 2009,50(2):245-250.

Abstract: We report a rare case of an 8year old female child who presented with 9months history of memory disturbances, behavioral and personality disturbances in the form of aggressiveness, lack of fear, disinhibition, auditory and visual hallucinations, gender misidentification, inability to recognize the parents, identifying everyone as transgender and using abusive language. Initially she was diagnosed as childhood psychosis/ conversion disorder by a psychiatrist and treated with antipsychotics. There was no response to treatment. Further evaluation revealed an interesting underlying organic cause [space occupying lesion of the temporal lobe] presenting with neuropsychiatric disturbances.

Key words: Behavioral and personality disturbances, neuropsychiatric illness, gender misidentification, organic lesion, DNET, ICSOL of temporal lobe.

[1]. Daumas-Duport C. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours. Brain Pathol 1993;3:283-95.
[2]. Sukheeja D, Mehta J. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: A rare brain tumor not to be misdiagnosed. Asian J Neurosurg 2016, cited 2017 Jun 7;11:174 10.4103/1793-5482.175643
[3]. Arbol D, Gandotra P, Maqbool M, Shah A, Ahmad S. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: A rare brain tumor presenting with atypical radiological findings. JK Sci 2007;9:145-7
[4]. Landais A,Crespel A, Moulis JL,Coubes P, Gilesse p 2016 Jun;62(3):165-70.,Epub2016May26.
[5]. Schultz W, Tremblay L, Hollerman JR. Reward prediction in primate basal ganglia and frontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 1998; 37:421-9

Abstract: To establish diagnostic role of CSF C-reactive protein quantitively in meningitis. Method: This prospective study was done on 50 patients. According to serum & CSF analysis 28 cases had pyogenic meningitis 22 cases had aseptic meningitis. Along with other appropriate investigations, quantitative CSF C- reactive protein(CRP) was assayed and data were analysed to set a diagnostic level and sensitivity and specificity of CSF –CRP in meningitis. Result::The differences in the mean values were statistically significant for CSF protein levels, CSF leukocyte count, and CSF/serum glucose between bacterial and aseptic meningitis groups (p<0.001). Values of serum CRP had significant difference in bacterial meningitis group compared to other group (p<0.001)..........

Keywords: CSF C-reactive protein(CRP),Meningitis

[1]. Ginsberg L (March 2004). "Difficult and recurrent meningitis". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
[2]. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults. A review of 493 episodes.DurandML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, Miller SI, Southwick FS, Caviness VS Jr, Swartz MN. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jan
[3]. Alteration of cerebrospinal fluid findings by partial treatment of bacterial meningitisConverse GM, Gwaltney JM Jr, Strassburg DA, Hendley JO. J Pediatr. 1973 Aug

[4]. The current status of pyogenic meningitis in children. Kumar L, Chitlangiya S, Ayyagari AIndian Pediatr. 1980 May

[5]. New and old diagnostic markers of meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).Kleine TO, Zwerenz P, Zöfel P, Shiratori K. Brain Res Bull. 2003 Aug

Abstract: Introduction: Globally about 425 million people are suffering from diabetes mellitus and it is expected to rise to about 629 million by 2045. India is home of about 72.9 million diabetes patients which will rise to about 134 million by 2045. Diabetic foot is one of most common and devastating micro vascular complications of diabetes. Diabetic foot is defined as a group of syndromes in which neuropathy, ischemia and infection lead to tissue breakdown and possible amputation. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Diabetic Foot Syndrome and its determinants among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients attending Integrated Diabetes & Gestational Diabetes Clinic (IDGDC), Durgapur (West Bengal India). Materials & Methods: An.......

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Key words: Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS), Peripheral Neuropathy, Integrated Diabetes Care, Chronic Care Model, Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)

[1]. IDF Diabetes atlas 8th Edition; International Diabetes Federation. 2017. www.diabetesatlas.org
[2]. Roper NA, Bilous RW,KellyWF,Unwin NC, Connolly VM. Excess mortality in a population with diabetes and the impact of material deprivation: longitudinal, population based study. BMJ 2001;322:1389–1393
[3]. Currie CJ, Gale EA, Poole CD. Estimation of primary care treatment costs and treatment efficacy for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007. Diabet Med 2010;27: 938–948
[4]. Manuel DG, Schultz SE. Health-related quality of life and health-adjusted life expectancy of people with diabetes in Ontario, Canada, 1996-1997. Diabetes Care 2004;27:407–414
[5]. Forlee M. What is the diabetic foot? The rising prevalence of diabetes worldwide will mean an increasing prevalence of complications such as those of the extremities. Continuing Medical Education. 2010;28:152–6.

Abstract: Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) is known to disseminate into extra nodal sites constituting 20-30% of all the lymphomas, with the stomach, skin, oral cavity and pharynx, small intestine, and central nervous system being the common sites4. Primary Pancreatic Lymphoma (PPL) accounts for about 0.2-2% of the NHLs and among these Burkitt's Lymphoma is uncommon. The diagnostic criteria of PPL includes Mass predominantly located within the pancreas, with grossly involved lymph nodes confined to the peripancreatic region, no palpable superficial lymphadenopathy, no hepatic or splenic involvement, no mediastinal nodal enlargement on chest radiography and normal white blood cell count5. Unlike pancreatic adenocarcinoma for which surgery is the mainstay of treatment, chemotherapy has been shown to be the most efficacious first line of treatment for PPL. Thereby necessitating its importance in evaluation due to its high cure rate.........

[1]. M. W. Saif, "Primary pancreatic lymphomas," Journal of the Pancreas, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 262–273, 2006.

[2]. S. S. Nistala, N. R. Sawalakhe, N. R. Thiruvengadam, and P. M. Rathi, "A rare case of primary pancreatic Burkitt lymphoma in a young Indian male. Case report and review of the literature," Journal of the Pancreas, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 686–689, 2009.

[3]. C. Jacobson and A. La Casce, "How I treat Burkitt lymphoma in adults," Blood, vol. 124, no. 19, pp. 2913–2920, 2014

[4]. E. Federico, M. Falconi, G. Zuodar, G. Falconieri, and F. Puglisi, "B-cell lymphoma presenting as acute pancreatitis," Pancreatology, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 553–556, 2011.

[5]. Behrns KE, Starr MG, Strickler JG. Pancreatic lymphoma:is it a surgical disease? Pancreas 1994;9:662-7.

Abstract: Introduction : Endophthalmitis is one of the most serious complication following cataract surgery. Topically administered antibiotics are usually given at frequent interval starting few days before surgery to achieve desired concentration in aqueous humour for the prevention of endophthalmitis. Moxifloxacin significantly penetrates into aqueous humour after oral administration that may improve patient compliance. Objectives : Present study was designed to evaluate the aqueous and plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin administered orally at different time interval before cataract surgery. Methodology : Prospective study of 25 patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Patients were divided into 5 Groups (Group A, B, C, D & E) and each Group comprises...........

Keywords : Aqueous humour, cataract surgery patients, oral moxifloxacin

[1]. Mather R, Karenchak LM, Romanowski EG, et al. Fourth generation fluoroquinolones: new weapons in the arsenal of ophthalmic antibiotics. Am J Ophthalmol 2002;133:463–66.
[2]. Donnenfeld ED, Perry HD, Snyder RW, et al. Intracorneal, aqueous humor and vitreous humor penetration of topical and oral of loxacin. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:173–76.
[3]. Fiscella RG, Nguyen TK, Cwik MJ, et al. Aqueous and vitreous penetration of levofloxacin after oral administration. Ophthalmology 1999;106:2286–90.
[4]. "Gatifloxacin and Moxifloxacin: Two New Fluoroquinolones," The Medical Letter, 2000, Vol 42, 1072:15.
[5]. Isvadharm T, Keratithakul P, Wattl D, Webster G HK, Edstein: Measurement of Ciprofloxacin in human plasma, whole blood and erythrocytes by high performance liquid chromatography. Therap Drug Monitoring 1991;13:263-7.

Abstract: The quest for an ideal restorative materials in dentistry leads to the discovery of newer generation of material which aims at improving the efficiency and reliability. These materials can alter its properties in a controlled manner at various stimuli such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH and electric or magnetic field. These materials returns to its original state on removal of the stimulus, thus referred as smart material. These properties of smart materials have a beneficial application in various fields of dentistry. This recent inovation in the material science marked an era of biosmart dentistry.

[1]. Ali A, Saraf P, Patil J, Gokani B. Biomimetic Materials in Dentistry.
[2]. Jalewa S,Pandey V.Biosmart Materials-Gateway to the Future Dentistry.International Journal of Research in Health and Allied Science.2018.
[3]. Heggade V, Bhandary S, Naik R, Damda A. IntelligentMaterial: the essence of smart materials. Int J Appl Dent Sci. 2016;2:7-10.
[4]. Mahalaxmi S,Materials used in Dentistry.First Edition ,2013.
[5]. Bansode PV,Pathak SD,Wavdhane MD,Khedgikar S,Rai SH.Think Smart,Think of Biosmart Materials.IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Science.2016..

Abstract: Chronic inguinodynia is one of the major problem arising after mesh hernioplasty leading to patient discomfort.The mechanism seems to be injury by suture, adherence to overlying implanted mesh, or involvement by scar tissue. Ilio-inguinal neurectomy during Lichtenstein hernioplasty may offers prophylaxis to such devastating pain. Our study aims to study the short term neurosensory effects of prophylactic ilioinguinal neurectomy during Lichtenstein repair of inguinal hernia. Methods and Material: This prospective observational study was conducted in............

[1]. Bay-Nielsen M., Perkins F. M., Kehlet H. Pain and functional impairment 1 year after inguinal herniorraphy: a nationwide questionnaire study. Annals of Surgery 2001;233:1-7.
[2]. Amid PK Lichtenstein tension free hernioplasty in Fischer J E and Bland K I Mastery of Surgery, 7th edn. Lippincott Williams & Wikins;2007.p.1934-6.
[3]. Seymour EN, Bell RL. Abdominal wall, Omentum, Mesentry and Retroperitoneum. In:F.CharlesBrunicardiet al,Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 10 th Edition. McGraw Hill Education; p.1496-8.
[4]. Lichtenstein IL, Shulman AG, Amid PK, Montllor MM. The tension-free hernioplasty. Am J Surg 1989;157:188–93.
[5]. Madura JA Inguinal Nurectomy for Postinguinal Nerve Entrapment in Fischer J E and Bland K I,Mastery of Surgery,7thedn. Lippincott Williams & Wikins;2007.p.1970-2.

Abstract: Meckel's diverticulum is a commonest abnormality of gastrointestinal tract. The incidence of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) varies between 1 and 2% and carries the lifetime risk of 4–6% to become symptomatic. The complications associated with MD include inflammation, perforation, hemorrhage, intussusception, volvulus, intestinal obstruction, and malignant transformation.A 5 yr old male child presented to paediatric emergency with complaints of pain abdomen for 3 days, green colored vomiting and non passage of stool for 2 days and fever for 1 day.A diagnosis of peritonitis was made and decision was made to go for exploratory laparotomy. Operative finding included..........

Key words: Meckel's Diverticulum, Perforation, Peritonitis

[1]. Yorganci K., Ozdemir A., Hamaloglu E., Sokmener C. Perforation of acute calculousMeckel's diverticulitis: a rare cause of acute abdomen in elderly. ActaChir. Belg. 2000:226–227.
[2]. Modi S, Pilai SK, DeClercq S. Perforated meckel's diverticulum in an adult due to fecolith: A rare case report and review of literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2015:15;143-5.

[3]. Ding Y, Zhou Y, JiZh, Zhang J, Wang Q. Laparoscopic Management of Perforated Meckel's Diverticulum in Adults. Int J Med Sci. 2012;9(3):243–7.

[4]. Hager M., Maier H., Eberwein M. Perforated Meckel's diverticulum presenting as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a case report. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 2005;9(6):809–811.
[5]. Tas I, Culcu S, Duzkoylu Y, Eryilmaz S, Deniz MM, Yilmaz D. A rare cause of acute abdomen: Perforation of double Meckel's diverticulum. Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine. 2015:648417.

Abstract: Hyperprolactinemia is an extremely common disorder, especially among women of reproductive age, affecting about one-third of infertile women in the world. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia among females in some gynaecological clinics in Rivers State, Nigeria. Serum prolactin levels of 81 infertile females aged between 24-38 attending gynaecological clinics over a period of 3 months were determined. Serum prolactin was assayed using microwell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Forty-Three (43) subjects had hyperprolactinemia with mean prolactin values of (25.29+5.13) (p<0.0001) showing a percentage prevalence of 53.09%..........

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Key words: Hyperprolactinemia, Infertility, Serum Prolactin

[1]. Agrawa, M., Samal, S., Hariharan, C. & Agrawal, S. (2013). Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in infertile cases and its correlation with TSH in a rural set up Hospital. International Journal Reproductive Contraception Obstetrics Gynecology, 2(4), 626-630.
[2]. Akande, A., Idowu, A.A. & Jimoh, A.K (2009). Biochemical infertility among female attending university of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Practice, 12(1), 1-4.
[3]. Akande T, Adesiyun A.G. Aliyu S., Randawa A., (2017). Prevalence of Hyperprolactinemia among infertile patients with menstrual abnormalities and or galactorrhea at a University Teaching Hospital North West Nigeria. Archives of Medicine and Surgery, 2(2), 55-59
[4]. Akpan U, Asibong U, Ekoh M and Udoh A. (2017). Differences in Socio-Demographic Profile of Infertile and Fertile Women in Calabar, Nigeria. EC Gynaecology 5(1):42-49
[5]. Amir, M.S., Abdel H., Tamer, F.B., Wael A.L & Madukour. (2015). Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and thyroid disorder among patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 131, 273-276..

Abstract: The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classify the cervical spinal pain as "pain perceived anywhere in the posterior region of the cervical spine, from the superior nuchal line to the first thoracic spinous process" (1). Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal condition with a point prevalence ranging from 21% to 22%(2). Chronic mean last for 12 weeks or more duration and Up to 50% of people with neck pain are categorised as ―chronic‖ with pain and subsequent disability lasting more than three months (3). Neck pain may cause a considerable personal and socioeconomic burden—which is one of the top five chronic pain conditions in terms...........

[1]. Misailidou V, Malliou P, Beneka A, Karagiannidis A, Godolias G, Assessment of patients with neck pain: a review of definitions, selection criteria, and measurement tools; Journal of Chiropractic Medicine Jun 2010;".

[2]. Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD. Findings from the Bone and Joint Decade 2000 to 2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. J Occup Environ Med 2010;52(4):424–7.

[3]. Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Cote P, Van GV, Holm LW, Carragee EJ, et al. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in workers: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine 2008;33(Suppl. 4):S93–100

[4]. Advances in the diagnosis and management of neck pain BMJ 2017; 358 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3221 (Published 14 August 2017 )Cite this as: BMJ 2017;358:j3221.

[5]. Cervical radiculopathy: pain, muscle weakness and sensory loss in patients with cervical radiculopathy treated with surgery, physiotherapy or cervical collar. A prospective, controlled study.Persson LC1, Moritz U, Brandt L, Carlsson CA.

Abstract: We report a case of 36 year old Hindu female who initially presented with the diagnosis of Tinea corporis two months back and was treated with oral and topical antifungals, later on lichenoid plaques were observed at the healed sites of the previous infection. This phenomenon is "Wolf's isotopic response" described as the occurrence of a new skin disorder at the site of another unrelated and already healed skin disease. There are few related cases of lichen planus presenting as isotopic response. The pathogenesis of this phenomenon is still unknown and further studies are needed........

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Key words:Isotopic response of Wolf.

[1]. Wolf R, Brenner S, Ruocco V, Filioli FG. Isotopic Response. Int J Dermatol. 1995;34:341-8.
[2]. Wyburn-Mason R. Malignant change arising in tissues affected by herpes. BMJ 1955;2:1106-9.
[3]. Wolf R, Brenner S, Ruocco V, Filioli FG. Isotopic response. Int J Dermatol 1995;34:341-8.
[4]. Boyd AS, Neldner KH. The isomorphic response of Koebner. Int J Dermatol 1990;29:401-10.
[5]. Jaka-Moreno A, López-Pestaña A, López-Núñez M, Ormaechea-Pérez N, Vildosola-Esturo S, Tuneu-Valls A, et al. Wolf's isotopic response: a series of 9 cases. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2012;103:798-805...

Abstract: We report a case of 3 year old Hindu female child who presented to skin OPD with complaint of spontaneous peeling of skin from complete body which was insidious in onset and progressive in nature, started since 10th day of birth mainly involving frictional sites. History of similar illness is found in father of the child.

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Key words: Peeling skin syndrome, TGM5 gene, Acral skin peeling syndrome

[1]. Kurban and Azar 1969; Levy and Goldsmith 1982; Abdel-Hafez et al. 1983; Silverman et al. 1986; Mevorah et al. 1987; Judge et al. 2004.
[2]. Mevorah B, Frenk E, Saurat JH, Siegenthaler G (1987) Peeling skin syndrome: a clinical, ultrastructural and biochemical study. Br J Dermatol 116:117–125.
[3]. Judge MR, McLean WHI, Munro CS (2004) Disorders of keratinization. In: Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox C, Griffiths C (eds) Rook's textbook of dermatology. Vol 2.
[4]. Kurban AK, Azar HA (1969) Familial continual skin peeling. Br J Dermatol 81:191–195.
[5]. Huber M, Rettler I, Bernasconi K, Frenk E, Lavrijsen SP, Ponec M, Bon A, Lautenschlager S, Schorderet DF, Hohl D (1995) Mutations of keratinocyte transglutaminase in lamellar ichthyosis. Science 267:525–528...

Abstract: Background & Objectives: Cold Circular Jet [CCJ] is specially made equipment that directs multiple small but powerful streams of water from all directions on the patient. It is clinically used as a treatment modality in Naturopathy however its effects on Autonomic and Respiratory variables (ARV) has not been reported. The present study was aimed at evaluating the effect of CCJ on ARV in healthy volunteers in causing sympathetic/parasympathetic activation immediately post treatment. Methods: A Pre-post study was conducted consisting of 60 healthy students from the SDM College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire. Group 1(n=30) were assessed for Heart Rate, Heart rate Variability, Pulse Plethysmography (PPG) and Respiration before.........

[1]. Rajiv Rastogi. Current Approaches of Research in Naturopathy: How Far is its Evidence Base? J HomeopatAyurv Med. 2010; 1:107.
[2]. Sarris J, Wardle J Eds. Clinical Naturopathy: An Evidence Based Guide to Practice. Sydney: Elsevier, 2010.
[3]. AANP "Definition of Naturopathic Medicine" House of Delegates Paper-Amended 2011
[4]. Fleming SA, Gutknecht NC. Naturopathy and the Primary Care Practice. Prim Care. 2010; 37:119–36.
[5]. Kellogg J.H. Rational Hydrotherapy-Part III; Michigan: Battle Creek, 1903. 2nd Edition, Reprinted by National Institute of Naturopathy, Pune, March 2005..

Abstract: Breast architectural distortion is an abnormal arrangement of tissue strands and happened linearly as an indicator of breast cancer and conceivably it has a benign cause also. This prospective analytic cross section study was to evaluate and correlate between breast architecture and mass morphology using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). The study was conduct during the period from 2015 to 2018. 300 mammograms of ladies aged between 15 and 90 were evaluated. The research results showed that the architectural distortion was present in 117 of 300 (39%), and absence in 171 of 300 (57%). The architectural distortion and mass shape was correlated.........

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Key words: BIRAD, Distortion, Breast, Malignant masses

[1]. Anand, S. and Rathana, R. A. V (2013) "Architectural Distortion Detection in Mammogram using Contourlet Transform and Texture Features‟, International Journal of Computer Applications, 74(5), pp. 12–19.

[2]. Baeg, S. and Kehtarnavaz, N. (2002) "Classification of breast mass abnormalities using denseness and architectural distortion‟, ELCVIA Electronic Letters on Computer Vision and Image Analysis, 1(1), pp. 1–20.

[3]. Bahl, M. et al. (2015) "Architectural Distortion on Mammography: Correlation with Pathologic Outcomes and Predictors of Malignancy‟, American Journal of Roentgenology, 205(6), pp. 1339–1345. doi: 10.2214/AJR.15.14628.

[4]. Berment, H. et al. (2014) "Masses in mammography: What are the underlying anatomopathological lesions?‟, Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. Elsevier Masson SAS, 95(2), pp. 124–133. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2013.12.010.

[5]. Boyer, B. and Russ, E. (2014) "Anatomical-radiological correlations: Architectural distortions‟, Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging. Elsevier Masson SAS, 95(2), pp. 134–140. doi: 10.1016/j.diii.2014.01.003...

Abstract: Introduction: Thyroid hormone is a central regulator of body functions. Disorders of thyroid function are considered to be a cause of electrolyte alterations. Only few data on the association between thyroid function and electrolyte disorders exist. Aim of the study was to find out the association between serum sodium, potassium and uric acid level with fT3, fT4&TSH in hypothyroid patients.Materials&Methods: Total 70 newly diagnosedhypothyroid patients were included in the study. Sera were collected from them and serum sodium, potassium, uric acid, fT3, fT4&TSH level were estimated in thestudy group. Result: Patients with hypothyroidism showed significant decrease in serum sodium level and significant increase in serum potassium and uric acid level (p<0.05).When correlated............

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Key words: Hypothyroid, TSH, fT3, fT4

[1]. KochupillaiN.Clinical endocrinology in India.Curr Sci 2000;79:1061-70.
[2]. Braverman LE, Cooper DS, editors. Introduction to hypothyroidism. In: Werner and Ingbar's the Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text. Wolters Kluwer (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Lippincott, Willams and Wilkins; 2013. p. 523.
[3]. Orlova M M, Rodionova T I. Functional state of kidneys in patients with clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2: 1-5 (2013).
[4]. Helford M, Grapo LM. Screening for thyroid disease. Ann intern Med 1990;112(11):840–58.
[5]. Schwarz C, Alexander BL, Spiros A, Georg MF, Heinz Z, Aristomenis KE, et al. Thyroid function and serum electrolytes: Does an association really exist? Eur J Med Sci 2012;142: 13669...