iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Background: Adverse reactions during blood donation have a negative impact on donor retention which subsequently results in decrease voluntary blood donation and availability of adequate blood supply. Objective: To analyse the types of adverse reactions in blood donors in a tertiary hospital. Subjects and methods: This study was a prospective one, conducted on whole blood donors who presented to our department over a period of one year. Donors were observed for the occurrence of any adverse reactions such as vasovagal reactions, injury and weakness, etc. Results: 12376 donors were enrolled of which 7021 were first time donors with respect to 5355 numbers of repeated donors. Donor reactions were observed in.........

Keywords: Donor reaction, donor retention, vasovagal reaction.

[1]. Bisht A,Singh S,Marwaha N. National blood donor vigilance programme: India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2016;10:1-2.
[2]. Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940. 16 th ed. Lucknow: Eastern Book Company; 2003.p.279-303.
[3]. John CA, Theodora UE, Gloria AN, Chika EA. Adverse reactions to blood donation: A descriptive study of 3520 blood donors in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Med J DY Patil Univ 2017 ;10:36-40.
[4]. Agnihotri N ,Marwaha N, Sharma RR. Analysis of adverse events and predisposing factors in voluntary and replacement whole blood donors: A study from north India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2012;6:155-60.
[5]. Boynton MH, Taylor ES. Complications arising in donors in a mass blood procurement project. Am J Med Sci 1945;209:421-36.

Abstract: Most liver cysts are benign, even though early diagnosis plays vital role for proper treatment of parasitic or cancerous subtypes. Simple hepatic cysts may be isolated or multiple and may vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters in diameter. Giant cysts of the liver are uncommon. A 60 years female patient was malnourished and pale. Vitals were stable. On per abdomen examination, a mass felt in right hypochondria region extended up to right lumbar region associated with tenderness, firm in consistency. On percussion it was dull. CT scan revealed a large hypodense lesion in segment VI & VII completely replacing and compressing the right lobe of liver, measuring approximately..........

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Key words: CT scan, Giant, Simple, Liver cyst.

[1]. "Liver cysts" Liver sourc, Department of Surgery. VCSF. Retrieved Apr 28. 2014. http:// Liver source.surgery. VCSF.edu/conditions - procedures/liver - cysts.aspx.
[2]. Horton KM, bluemke DA, Hruban RH et al. CT and MRI imaging of benign hepatic and biliary tumors. Radiographics. 1999 Mar-Apr; 19(2): 431-451.
[3]. Mortele KJ, Ros PR. Cystic focal liver lesions in the adut: differential CT and MR imaging features. Radiographics. 2001 Jul-Aug; 21(4): 895-910.
[4]. Ismail KA, Mousa GI, El Khadrawy OH, Mohamed HA. Symptomatic non-parasitic benign hepatic cyst: Evaluation of management by deroofing in ten consecutive cases. Ann Pad Surg. 2010;6(2):83-89.
[5]. Yawai H, Tada N. A Simple hepatic cyst with elevated serum and cyst fluid CA 19-9 levels: a case report.J Med Case Report. 2008;2:329..

Abstract: Atypical mycobacterial infections at the laparoscopic port site are a frequent problem encountered in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. In this study we concentrate on the clinical diagnosis, management and prevention of this problem. In this series we assess 21 patients presenting with port hole infections after laparoscopic surgery and were treated with oral clarithromycin. Eight patients who had persistent nodules were given injections of amikacin directly into the infection foci along with standard oral therapy. Most of the patients treated with standard oral therapy for 28 days showed recovery. The patients with persistent nodules 4 weeks after completion of therapy were treated with injections of amikacin directly into the nodule which lead to resolution of symptoms. For prevention of infection, proper sterilization and storage of instruments is recommended. Laparoscopic port hole infections is a preventable problem and can also be treated by nonsurgical method..

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Key words: Laparoscopy, Atypical mycobacteria, Aminoglycosides, Sterilization, Disinfection-port hole infection.

[1]. Gayathri Devi DR, Sridharan D, Indumathi VA, Babu PRS, Sandhya Belwadi MR, Swamy ACV. Isolation of Mycobacterium Chelonae from wound infection following laparoscopy: a case report. Indian J Tuberc. 2004;51:149–151.
[2]. Veena Kumari HB, Nagarathna S, Chandramouli BA, Umamaheshwara Rao GS, Chandramukhi A. Investigation of an outbreak of device-related postoperative ventriculitis: a lesson learnt. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2008;51(2):301–303. doi: 10.4103/0377-4929.41697. [PubMed] [CrossRef]
[3]. Woods RK, Dellinger EP. Current guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis of surgical wounds. Am Fam Physician. 1998;57(11):2731–2740. [PubMed]
[4]. Stone HH, Kolb LD, Geheber CE, Dawkins EJ. Use of aminoglycosides in surgical infections. Ann Surg. 1976;183(6):660–666. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197606000-00007. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef]
[5]. Falkinham OJ., III Epidemiology of infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996;9(2):177–215. [PMC free article] [PubMed]..

Abstract: Introduction: The hilar structures of both the right and left lungs shows considerable variations. The aim of the present study is to understand the relative positions of the pulmonary artery, principal bronchus and pulmonary veins in the hilum of both right and left lungs. Methods: In the present study 39 lungs dissected from cadavers of both sexes were studied for the hilar structures and there relative positions from above downwards and before backwards with in the hilum. Results: The study has shown upper pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery and principal bronchus from before backwards in all the 35 lungs. In the 19 right lungs from above downwards the structures observed are as follows eparterial bronchus, pulmonary artery............

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Key words: Lung Hilum, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Vein, Principal Bronchus, Eparterial Bronchus

[1]. Gray's Anatomy The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice 41st edition page no.958.
[2]. Anatomical variations of the arrangement of structures at the pulmonary hilum: a cadaveric study. Murlimanju BV1, Massand A2, Madhyastha S3, Pai MM2, Prabhu LV2, Saralaya VV2 Surg Radiol Anat. 2017 Jan;39(1):51-56. doi: 10.1007/s00276-016-1716-8. Epub 2016 Jun 23
[3]. Approach to unequal hilum on chest X-ray Supriya Sarkar, Debraj Jash, Arnab Maji, Anupam Patra Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India Year : 2013 | Volume : 1 | Issue : 2 | Page : 32-37 JACP
[4]. New findings on the three-dimensional anatomical relations between the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels at the pulmonary hilum.Onuki T1, Kanzaki M, Kikkawa T, Isaka T, Sakamoto K, Oyama K, Murasugi M. Clin Anat. 2015 May;28(4):506-11. doi: 10.1002/ca.22486. Epub 2014 Dec 29.
[5]. Bronchial tree, lobular division and blood vessels of the nutria (Myocastor coypu) lung--evidence for the individual nature of the bronchioles in the upper and middle lobes.Nakakuki S1. Kaibogaku Zasshi. 1994 Dec;69(6):742-50.

Abstract: Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is a relatively rare non-malignant soft tissue tumor arising from the synovial cells and is associated with high recurrence rate. However it is the second most common tumor in hands after ganglion cysts. Few factors considered for recurrence are proximity of distal inter phalangeal joints, presence of degenerative joint disease, pressure erosions in radiograph, increased mitotic activity. But only consistent observation found is incomplete excision of the tumor which leads to recurrence.Here we present a case series comprising of 4 cases over a period of 2 years for whom marginal excision was done and they were kept on regular follow up without any recurrence..

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Key words: Giant cell tumor, Hand, Recurrence, Tendon Sheath

[1]. Verheyden JR, Damron TA, Murray DG, Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath on Medscape: eMedicine 2002 accessed on 20th December 2013
[2]. Darwish FM, Haddad WH. Giant cell tumour of tendon sheath: experience with 52 cases. Singapore Med J 2008;49(11):879-882.
[3]. Uriburu IJF, Levy VD. Intraosseous growth of giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath (localized nodular tenosynovitis) of the digits: report of 15 cases. J Hand Surg Am 1998;23:732-736.
[4]. Lowyck H, De Smet L (2006) Recurrence rate of giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath. Eur J Plast Surg 28:385–388
[5]. Reilly KE, Stern PJ, Dale JA (1999) Recurrent giant cell tumors of the tendon sheath. J Hand Surg Am 24:1298–1302

Abstract: Background: Arthrocentesis is an effective mode of treatment for closed lock jaws of TMJ when conservative methods have failed. Mouth opening is seen to increase in patients with restricted mouth opening due to close lock. Arthrocentesis is a joint lavage which washes out the inflammatory mediators, provides instant relieve from pain and has long lasting effects. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of arthrocentic lavage with piroxicam injection in the treatment of anterior disc displaced TMJ with closed lock. Materials and Methods: A female patient 18 years old with clinical and radiological diagnosis of TMJ dysfunction (TMJD), based on clinical............

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Key words: Arthrocentesis, intra-articular injection, piroxicam, temporomandibular joint dysfunction

[1]. Ohnishi M. Arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac 1990;91:143–50.
[2]. Rayne J. Functional anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Br J Maxfac Surg 1987;25:92-9.
[3]. Laskin DM, Greene CS, Hylander WL. Temporamandibular disorders: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. Chicago Quintessence, 2006;441–481.
[4]. Miloro M, Ghali GE, Peter EL, Peter DW. Peterson's Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2nd ed. London: BC Decker Inc Hamilton; 2004. p. 963-89.
[5]. DuBrul EL. Sicher's oral anatomy. 7th ed. St. Louis (MO): C. V. Mosby;1980. p. 146-61, 174-209.

Abstract: The need for keratinised tissue around a tooth has been established by numerous longitudinal clinical studies. Increasing the width of keratinised mucosa may benefit the periodontal tissue health, including reduced plaque accumulation and mucosal inflammation. The free gingival autograft (FGG) is one of the most common and predictable method for correction of mucogingival defects. Although there are a few drawbacks associated with the procedure, it is still the first line of treatment for gingival augmentation.In this case report, the FGG technique was performed to increase the keratinised tissue and correct the shallow vestibular depth. The patient was followed up for 3 years after the surgical procedure to determine the long term changes that occur in the graft tissue.

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Key words: Autograft, Gingival graft, Mucogingival therapy, Root Coverage, Soft tissue grafts

[1]. Chapple IL, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol, 2018;45:S68-77.

[2]. Kim DM, Neiva R. Periodontal soft tissue non–root coverage procedures: A systematic review from the AAP regeneration workshop. J Periodontol. 2015;86:S56-72.

[3]. Schmitt CM, Moest T, Lutz R, Wehrhan F, Neukam FW, Schlegel KA. Long‐term outcomes after vestibuloplasty with a porcine collagen matrix (Mucograft®) versus the free gingival graft: a comparative prospective clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2016;27(11):e125-33.
[4]. Holbrook T, Ochsenbein C. Complete coverage of the denuded root surface with a one-stage gingival graft. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 1983;3(3):8.

[5]. Başeğmez C, Ersanlı S, Demirel K, Bölükbaşı N, Yalcin S. The comparison of two techniques to increase the amount of peri-implant attached mucosa: free gingival grafts versus vestibuloplasty. One-year results from a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Oral Implantol, 2012;1:5(2)...

Abstract: The main motto of putting forth this research article was to update the knowledge about some significant considerations while operating maxillofacial surgeries in a pregnant patient for maxillofacial surgeon or any consulting medical pracctioner, which indeed will benefit the patient in getting a appropriate treatment thereby reducing the consequences..

[1]. Mary Catherine Tolcher et al; Nonobstetric Surgery During Pregnancy; Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:395–403.
[2]. Nonobstetric surgery during pregnancy. Committee OpinionNo. 696. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.Obstet Gynecol 2017;129:777–8.
[3]. Rogers, S. N. (1991). Dental attendance in a sample of pregnantwomen in Birmingham. UK. Community Dental Health, 8(4),361–368.
[4]. Anupama M, Ali FM, Prasant MC, Farheen A.Management of minor surgical procedures inpregnant patients: A brief review. J Dent Orofac Res2014;10(1):39-41.
[5]. Priya Soma-Pillay et al; Physiological changes in pregnancy; Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 27: 89–94..

Abstract: Various pharmacological interventions and methods have been tried to obtund the hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. A randomised, controlled, double blinded study was conducted in our centre on sixty adult patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia, randomised into two groups viz. Group A patients (100μg//kg nalbuphine intravenously) and Group B (150μg/kg nalbuphine intravenously), administered 5 minutes before induction. During laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, changes in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure were recorded at baseline, after the study drug, at intubation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 minutes. An increase in the heart rate in..........

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Key words: Laryngoscopy, intubation, hemodynamic responses, nalbuphine, attenuation

[1]. Kitamura T, Yamada T, Chine M, Du HL, Hamaoka K. Attenuation of hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation by StyletScope. Br. J Anaesth 2001; 86:275-7.
[2]. Derbyshire DR, Chmielewski A, Fell D, Vater M, Achola K, Smith G.Plasma catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth 1983; 55(9):855-60.
[3]. Kanchi M, Nair HC, Banakal S, Murthy K, Murugesan C. Haemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation in coronary artery disease: Direct versus video laryngoscopy Indian J Anaesth 2011; 55(3): 260–5.
[4]. Singhal S, Neha. Haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation: comparison of McCoy and Macintosh laryngoscope. The Internet J Anesth 2007; 17:1-5.
[5]. Sharma N, Parikh H. A comparative study of hemodynamic responses to intubation: fentanyl versus nalbuphine. Guj Med Jour 2014; 69(2):48-53...

Abstract: The cause for stress and the consequent depression and anxiety is multifactorial .The objective of our study hoped to determine the level of stress among students in our medical colleges.In the study of 350 students (216 males, 134 females) it is found that majority of them (51.42%) came from urban area and majority of their family income in between 26000-50000rs.As many as 22% medical students are going through mild stress, 26% are in moderate stress, 14.85% are in severe stress.Only 42.85% students have a normal anxiety score while 34.28% have mild anxiety score, 15.42% have moderate anxiety score, 6.28% have severe anxiety score and 1.14% have extreme anxiety score.42.85% students show normal levels of depression while 34.28% are in mid depression and 6.28% are in severe depression.As a result, 49% students think that they could have performed better in some other courses of study and 15% of them regret coming to medical education.

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Key words: Anxiety, Depression, Medical Student, Stress

[1]. Somnath T. Salgar . Stress in first year medical students. International Journal of Biomedical And Advance Research; 2014: 05( 01)
[2]. Inam S.N.B, Saquib A, Alam E.Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Medical Students of Private University. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association; 2003 (Feb)
[3]. Dahlin M, Nilsson C, Stotzer E, Runeson B. Mental distress, alcohol use and help-seeking among medical and business students: A cross-sectional comparative study. BMC Med Educ 2011;11:92
[4]. Prinz P, Hertrich K, Hirschfelder U, de Zwaan M. Burnout, depression and depersonalisation- Psychological factors and coping strategies in dental and medical students. GMS Z Med Ausbild 2012;29.
[5]. Fan AP, Kosik RO, Su TP, Lee FY, Hou MC, Chen YA, et al. Factors associated with suicidal ideation in Taiwanese medical students. Med Teach 2011;33:256-7..

Abstract: Breastfeeding is of considerable importance in the context of childhood nutrition. Nutritional requirements of an infant can be obtained solely from breast milk for the first six months of life. Many studies had been done in Bangladesh regarding infant feeding practices. The present study has been designed to evaluate the determinants of exclusive breastfeeding which may reflect the current breastfeeding situation in this part of old Dhaka.This case control study conducted among babies aged 4 to 6 months. A total of 60 exclusively breastfed (EBF) and 180 non-exclusively breastfed (NEBF) babies were enrolled. Parents or caregivers were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. Initially univariate association was sought; factors found to be significantly associated...........

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Key words: Breastfeeding, Exclusive breastfeeding, Mother-infant pair, Childhood nutrition

[1]. Agnarsson I, Mpello A, Gunnlaugsson G, Hofvander Y, Greiner T. 2001. Infant feeding practices during the first six months of life in a rural area in Tanzania. East African Medical Journal; 78(1): 9-13.
[2]. Arifeen S, Black RE, Antelman G, Baqui A, Caulfield L, Becker S. 2001. Exclusive breastfeeding reduces acute respiratory infection and diarrhea deaths among infants in Dhaka slums. Pediatrics; 108(4): E67.
[3]. Baker EJ, Sanei LC, Franklin N. 2006. Early Initiation of and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Large-scale Community-based Programmes in Bolivia and Madagascar. J Health Popul Nutr;24(4):530-39.
[4]. Bandura, A. 1977. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review 84, 191–215.
[5]. Begum KA, Amin MR, Jahan K. 1997. Feeding Pattern of Severely Malnourished children in Bangladesh. D S (child) H J; 13 ( 1,2) 52-57..

Abstract: INTRODUCTION- Isolated cryptorchidism is one of the most common congenital anomalies found at birth and affects about 3% of full-term male new-borns1-3. Once cryptorchidism is diagnosed, treatment choices may include watchful waiting, hormonal treatment, or surgery & initial therapy is often selected on the basis of age at presentation and the location of the cryptorchid testicle21,22 AIMS & OBJECTIVES-To evaluate the success rate of laparoscopic orchidopexy compared with that of open orchidopexy with comparison of post-operative morbidity & future outcomes. MATERIAL & METHODS- A total of 40 patients were chosen after assessing inclusion/exclusion criteria. The patients were randomly divided in two groups..........

[1]. Scorer CG, Farrington GH: Congenital Deformities of the Testis and Epididymis, New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1971.
[2]. Cryptorchidism: A prospective study of 7500 consecutive male births, 1984-8. John Radcliffe Hospital Cryptorchidism Study Group. Arch Dis Child 1992; 67:892-899.
[3]. Berkowitz GS, Lapinski RH, Dolgin SE, et al: Prevalence and natural history of cryptorchidism. Pediatrics 1993; 92:44-49.
[4]. Virtanen HE, Bjerknes R, Cortes D, Jorgensen N, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Thorsson AV, Thorup J, Main KM. Cryptorchidism: classification, prevalence and long-term consequences. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96:611–616.

[5]. Ritzen EM, Bergh A, Bjerknes R, Christiansen P, Cortes D, Haugen SE, Jorgensen N, Kollin C, Lindahl S, Lackgren G, Main KM, Nordenskjold A, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Soder O, Taskinen S, Thorsson A, Thorup J, Toppari J, Virtanen H. Nordic consensus on treatment of undescended testes. Acta Paediatr. 2007;96:638–643..

Abstract: A 13 year old female patient presented with the chief complaint of highly placed canines and irregular upper and lower front teeth. On examination she was diagnosed as an Angle's Class II malocclusion on an underlying Class I skeletal base, severely crowded maxillary arch with high labially placed canines, mild crowding in mandibular arch, with slightly convex profile, and normal nasolabial angle. She was treated with a nonextraction treatment plan that involved bilateral maxillary molar distalization using modified Hilgers pendulum appliance followed by fixed mechanotherapy. The posttreatment results were highly satisfactory showing improvement in facial esthetics and occlusal relations as well as good long-term stability as was evident in the 1-year follow-up..

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Key words: molar distalization, pendulum appliance, class II molar relation.

[1]. F.ABasciftci, Serdar Usumez. Effects of Extraction and Nonextraction Treatment on. Class I and Class II Subjects. Angle Orthod 2003; 73:36–42.
[2]. Ghosh J, Nanda R S. Evaluation of an intraoral maxillary molar distalization technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996; 110: 639-646.
[3]. Jeckel N, Rakosi T. Molar distalization by intra-oral force application. Eur J Orthod 1991; 13: 43-46.
[4]. Sfondrini MF, Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini G. Upper molar distalization: a critical analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2002; 5: 114–126
[5]. Melsen B. Effects of cervical anchorage during and after treatment: an implant study. Am J Orthod. 1978; 73:526–540...

Abstract: Background: Today, the effects of the oral health conditions on the treatment efficiency and patient well-being are the central focus of dental enquires.This study was designed to evaluate the effects of the surgeries most frequently performed in periodontal clinics on the preoperative anxiety, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and postoperative pain levels. Methods: A total of 97 patients undergoing periodontal surgery were included in this study. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to their indications: free gingival grafts (FGGs) (n=23), subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) (n=23), open flap debridements (OFDs) (n=26) and gingivectomies (Gs) (n=25). The patients were evaluated preoperative anxiety, VAS (during 7 days) and OHIP-14 (1 month and 3 months after surgery)............

Key words: oral health related quality of life, periodontal surgery, OHIP-14, anxiety.

[1]. Heitz-Mayfield LJA, Lang NP. Surgical and nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Learned and unlearned concepts. Periodontol 2000. 2013 ;62(1):218–31.

[2]. Cohen ES. Atlas of Cosmetic and Reconstructive Periodontal Surgery - Edward S. Cohen. In: Edward S Cohen, editor. Atlas of Cosmetic and Reconstructive Periodontal Surgery [Internet]. 3rd ed. USA: Pmph USA Ltd Series; 2007. p. 39–44.

[3]. Dibart S, Karima M, Dibart S, Karima M. Labial Frenectomy Alone or in Combination with a Free Gingival Autograft. In: Dibart S, editor. Practical Periodontal Plastic Surgery. 1st ed. Ames, Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing Professional; 2017. p. 73–5.

[4]. Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Recession in sites with inadequate width of the keratinized gingiva. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol. 1984;11:95–103.

[5]. Chambrone L, Chambrone D, Pustiglioni FE, Chambrone LA, Lima LA. Can subepithelial connective tissue grafts be considered the gold standard procedure in the treatment of Miller Class I and II recession-type defects? J Dent. 2008;36:659–71..

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermal cycling on different resin cement bond of zirconia ceramic.Sixtyceramic platters with 3 mm thickness were prepared from zirconia blocks(Vita Inceram YZ). Zircons were sandblasted with Al2O3 powders having a particle size of 50 μm in the surface treatment for 60 seconds under 2bar pressure and then silane application was performed on all samples. The samples were divided into two groups. A dual cure adhesive resin cement Panavia V5 (Kuraray Dental, Tokyo, Japan) was cemented onto the first group.............

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Key words: aging, resin cement, shear bond strength, thermal cycling, zirconia

[1]. Conrad, Heather J., Wook-Jin Seong, and Igor J. Pesun. "Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: a systematic review." J Prosthet Dent 2007;98(5): 389-404.

[2]. Sakaguchi R, Powers J. Craig's Restorative Dental Materials. (Maryland Heighhts, MO: Elsevier Mosby, p.88, 2012).

[3]. Raigrodski AJ, Hillstead MB, Meng GK, Chung K-H. Survival and complications of zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses: A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2012;107(3):170–7.

[4]. Vagkopoulou T, Koutayas SO, Koidis P, Strub JR. Zirconia in dentistry: Part 1. Discovering the nature of an upcoming bioceramic. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2009;4(2):130–51.

[5]. Thompson JY, Stoner BR, Piascik JR, Smith R. Adhesion/cementation to zirconia and other non-silicate ceramics: Where are we now? Dent Mater. 2011;27(1):71–82.

Abstract: Background: There is need to increase otorhinolaryngological services for geriatric patients in developing countries. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, types, comorbid illnesses and Management of otorhinolaryngological diseases in geriatric patients in a developing country. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving all geriatric patients who presented to the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of our center. This study was carried out using the medical records of patients who presented over a period of............

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Key words: Otorhinolaryngological, Morbidity, Geriatric, Developing Country

[1]. Sehgal RK, Garg R, Anand S, Dhot PS. The analysis of the rural outreach programme of a tertiary care hospital in Ghaziabad and the morbidity profile of out-patients attending the programme. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2015;4(55):9561–7.
[2]. Park K. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 20th edn. Jabalpur: M/S Banarsidas, 2009. p. 512.
[3]. Sehgal RK, Garg R, Anand S, Dhot PS, Singhal P. A study of the morbidity profile of geriatric patients in rural areas of Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2016;5:176-180.
[4]. Rahman MW, Ahasan AI, Debnath TK, Jamil ANM, Barua R, Amin MN. Study on Hearing Status of Elderly Patients attending a Specialized ENT Hospital (SAHIC). Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;21(2):80-4.
[5]. Velkoff VA, Kowal PR. International population reports on population aging in sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic Dimensions. 2006;2..

Abstract: Ocular colobomas arerare malformations and are associated with early cataractous changes. The aim of this study was to analyze the techniques of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with cataract and coloboma of the iris. A retrospective study was used to analyze the degree of iris colobomaand the characteristics of the crystalline lens in ten eyes of eight patients. Patients underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantationfollowing which the Best Corrected Visual Activity (BCVA)improved.Pupilloplasty was not performed in any of the cases.

[1]. Onwochei BC, Simon JW, Bateman JB, Couture KC, Mir E.Ocularcolobomata. SurvOphthalmol 2000; 45:175–194
[2]. Bavbek T, _Og_ut MS, Kazokoglu H. Congenital lens coloboma and associated pathologies. Doc Ophthalmol 1993; 83:313–322
[3]. Ramasubramanian A, Sukhija JS, RamJ,DasP,Radotra BD. Bilateral asymmetrical isolated lens coloboma with persistent pupillary membrane. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007; 33:2153–2155
[4]. Nordlund ML, Sugar A, Moroi SE. Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens placement in eyes with cataract and congenital coloboma: visual acuity and complications. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000; 26:1035–1040
[5]. Chaurasia S, Ramappa M, Sangwan VS. Cataract surgery in eyes with congenital iridolenticularchoroidalcoloboma. Br J Ophthalmol 2012; 96:138–140