iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: The recent advances in Fetal diagnostic technologies and the widespread use of ultrasound in pregnancy has enabled early identification and more precise assessment of Fetal intra-abdominal cysts [1].The prenatal identification of intra-abdominal cyst is relatively common [2].The concept of abdominal cyst encompasses many cystic lesions developing from abdominal structures and representing varied pathologies. Regardless of the underlying pathology, the most common sonography presentation is that of a round, anechoic structure or variable size and position [2]. In clinical practice, these lesions are most frequently detected on 18-20 week routine anomaly scan. However some do not become apparent till the third trimester. In differential diagnosis ovarian cysts, enteric duplication cysts, mesentric cysts, meconium pseudocysts and choledochal cysts should be considered apart from cysts with urinary origin..........

[1]. Kuroda T,Kitaro Y,Honna T.et al. Prenatal diagnosis and management of abdominal diseases in pedi attic surgery. J Pediatr Surg 2004;39:1819-22.
[2]. McEwing R,Hayward C,Furness M. foetal cystic abdominal masses. Austral Radiol 2003;28:153-9.
[3]. Twining P,McHugo J,Pilling D (2000) Textbook of Fetal abnormalities.Churchill Livingstone ,Edinburg.
[4]. Khong PL, Cheong SC,Leong LL,Ooi CG (2003)Ultrasonography of intra-Abdominal cystic lesions in the newborn.Clin Radiol 58: 449-454

Abstract: Total serum cholesterol levels and the use of statin medications are associated with incidence of complications after gastrointestinal surgery. low total serum cholesterol may contribute to the development of infections in induviduals undergoing surgery. It has been postulated that total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, HDL can protect against endotoxin mediated sepsis.Cholesterol rich lipoproteins , they have the capacity to bind and detoxify bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Circulating cholesterol-rich lipoproteins and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins have the capacity to bind and detoxify bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) . HDL has been shown to compete with lipopolysaccharide binding........

[1]. Cohort study of serum total cholesterol and in-hospital incidence of infectious diseases C. IRIBARREN'*, D. R. JACOBS J R ~S, . SIDNEY, A. J. CLAXTON AND K. R. FEINGOLD Epidemiol. Znfect. (1998), 121, 335-347.
[2]. Jacobs D, Blackburn H, Higgins M, Reed D, Iso H, McMillan G, et al. Report of the conference on low blood cholesterol: mortality associations. Circulation. 1992;86:1046–1060. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.86.3.1046.[PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[3]. Iribarren C, Jacobs DR, Jr, Sidney S, Claxton AJ, Feingold KR. Cohort study of serum total cholesterol and in-hospital incidence of infectious diseases. Epidemiol Infect. 1998;121:335–347. doi: 10.1017/S0950268898001435. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[4]. Bonville DA, Parker TS, Levine DM, Gordon BR, Hydo LJ, Eachempati SR. The relationships of hypocholesterolemia to cytokine concentrations and mortality in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Surg Infect. 2004;5:39–49. doi: 10.1089/109629604773860291.[PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[5]. Casas AT, Hubsch AP, Rogers BC, Doran JE. Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein reduces LPS-stimulated TNF alpha. J Surg Res. 1995;59:544–552. doi: 10.1006/jsre.1995.1204. [PubMed] [Cross Ref].

Abstract: Background- In spite of the tremendous advances in obstetric care and technology, ectopic pregnancy remains an enigma for a women full of dreams of blissful motherhood, as it may turn into a nightmare and a catastrophe. An ectopic pregnancy or eccyesis is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus1. An ectopic pregnancy is an obstetric emergency if not treated properly, it not only leads to fetal wastage, but also increases the incidence of maternal morbidity and mortality and may even lead to problems of future infertility. Objective-1.To determine the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in respect to other gynaecological admissions, according to age, race, parity, as well as different socio-economic strata. Place And Duration-The present study was...............

[1]. Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T(2014)."Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location."Hum.Reprod.Update.20(2):250-61.
[2]. Berg CJ, Callaghun WM, Syverson C et al: Pregnancy related Mortality in the United States,1998-2005.Obstet Gynecol 116:1302,2010
[3]. Cecchino GN, Araujo Junior E, Elito Junior J (September 2014)."Methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy: when and how."Archives of gynaecology and obstetrics. 290(3):417-2.
[4]. Mignini L (26 September 2007)."Interventions for tubal ectopic pregnancy"who.int.The WHO Reproductive Health Library.Retrieved 12 March 20153.
[5]. Ankum WM, Mol BWJ, Van der Veen F et al:Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy: a meta analysis.Fertil Steril 65:1093,1996.

Abstract: Background: Physical well-being is closely related to menarche.The main purpose of this research was to assess the physical and emotional well-being of girls during menarche.The study was carried out in Chennai. The sample for the study comprised of 500 adolescent girls. Significant difference in physical well being was noted during menarche. Aims and objectives: 1. To assess the physical wellbeing of school going adolescent girls during menarche. 2.To suggest recommendations based on study findings. Materials and methods: Study design: simple............

Keywords: Physical well being, Adolescence, Menarche, GHQ Scoring System, BMI.

[1]. Chamberlain g (Ed) Gynecology by Ten Teachers; 16th edition, 27-29. Edward Arnold, London 1995.
[2]. WHO Technical Report Series; 1984, 854: 263-311.
[3]. Patil S.N,Wasnik V,Wadke R, menstrual problems amongst adolescent girls, Journal of clinical and diagnostic Reserch,2009; 3:1784-1790..

Abstract: Osteoporosis has operationally defined by the WHO on the basis of bone mineral density (BMD) assessment. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a means of measuring bone mineral density (BMD). The DXA scan is typically used to diagnose and follow osteoporosis. DXA scans to measure BMD at the spine and hip have an important role in the evaluation of individuals at risk of osteoporosis, and in helping clinicians advice patients about the appropriate use of anti-fracture treatment. Compared with alternative bone densitometry techniques DXA have number of advantages. FRAX is a computer-based algorithm that employs bone density, age and a number of clinical risk factors to help patients and their doctors predict the likelihood of having a fracture in the next 10 years. Objective: To predict fracture risk in.........

Key words: osteoporosis, fracture, bone mineral density, clinical risk factors, FRAX, 10-year probability

[1]. Black DM, Cummings SR, Genant HK, Nevitt MC, Palermo L, Browner W. Axial and appendicular bone density predicts fractures in older women. J Bone Min Res. 1992;7:633–8

[2]. Cummings SR, Melton L J. Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. Lancet 2002.3591761–1767.1767.

[3]. Kanis J A, Black D, Cooper C. et al A new approach to the development of assessment guidelines for osteoporosis. OsteoporosInt 2002. 13527–536.536.
[4]. Kanis J A. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet 2002; 359: 1929-36.

[5]. Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgström F, Ström O, McCloskey E. FRAX and its applications to clinical practice. Bone. 2009;44:734-43.

Abstract: This study was undertaken to evaluate correlation between level of serum proteins in pregnant women with peptic ulcer .100 cases were compared with 50 normal pregnant women and 50 nonpregnant women. Age, parity, BMI, co-morbidities, endoscopic findings , serum protein and their differential fractions were recorded. Gastric biopsies were examined histopathologically using Giemsa stain. .patients with peptic ulcer disease showed decrease persistent decrease in albumin,a2globulin and b globulin and just slight decrease or no decrease in levels of a1 and gamma globulin when compared with pregnant controls. .value of a/g was persistently low in pregnant cases and control.malnutrition and inflammatory response in peptic ulcer disease was found to be causative in low level of serum proteins present in cases with peptic ulcer disease.

[1]. estimation of serum proteins by electrophoresis was undertaken in 100 pregnant women with symptoms of peptic ulcer with 50 normal pregnant women and 50 non pregnant women
[2]. patients with peptic ulcer disease showed decrease persistent decrease in albumin,a2globulin and b globulin and just slight decrease or no decrease in levels of a1 and gamma globulin when compared with pregnant controls
[3]. normal pregnant women showed increase in level of a1.a2 beta andgamma globuin and decrease in albumin when compared with non pregnant controls.
[4]. value of a/g was persistently low in pregnant cases and control
[5]. persistently low value of albumin in peptic ulcer ds in pregnancy points to association of malnutrition and inflammatory response attributes to decrease in globulin in peptic ulcer in pregnancy

Abstract:Intravenous drug administration is used when we want to give a large amount of fluid or when we need to dilute a medication in a lot of fluid to make it the correct strength or prevent it from causing irritation. There are different products formulated for Intravenous administration like IV Admixtures, IV fluids and Electrolyte preparations, parenteral antibiotic preparations. Intravenous Incompatibilities occur when two are more drugs are administered through a single intravenous line or given in a single solution, resulting in an undesirable reaction. This was a prospective observational study which was conducted with the total of 125 cases for 6 months among intravenous..........

Key words: Admixtures, compatibility, Drug-drug interactions, Intravenous, MICU.

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[5]. Scott SA. The Prescription. In: Alfonso RG. Remington the Science and Practice of Pharmacy. 20th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2000: 1687-705

Abstract: Aim : To evaluate the treatment with topical cyclosporine A (CsA) in patients with subepithelial infiltrates (SEI). Material & Methods: Hospital-based study was conducted over a period of one year. A total of 25 patients, 36 eyes with supepithelial infiltrates following adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis were included in the study. All patients had been previously treated with topical corticosteroids without any improvement. Data was recorded in form of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), evaluation of corneal subepithelial infiltrate score (CSIS) prior to treatemt and after the last follow up visit. Results:10 females(40 %) and.......

Key words: Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, subepithelial infiltrates, cyclosporine A

[1]. Jhanji V, Chan TC, Li EY, Agarwal K, Vajpayee RB: Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Surv Ophthalmol 2015;60:435–443.
[2]. Jeng BH, Holsclaw DS: Cyclosporine A 1% eye drops for the treatment of subepithelial infiltrates after adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea 2011;30:958–961.
[3]. Levinger E, Slomovic A, Sansanayudh W, Bahar I, Slomovic AR: Topical treatment with 1% cyclosporine for subepithelial infiltrates secondary to adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Cornea 2010;29:638–640.
[4]. Lund OE, Stefani FH: Corneal histology after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Arch Ophthalmol 1978;96:2085–2088.
[5]. Okumus S, Coskun E, Tatar MG, Kaydu E, Yayuspayi R, Comez A, Erbagci I, Gurler B: Cyclosporine a 0.05% eye drops for the treatment of subepithelial infiltrates after epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. BMC Ophthalmol 2012;18:12–42..

Abstract: CAR T cell therapy havean extraction from designed T cells (dTc) locomotive engineered of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for tumoricidal action correspond potency having elevation of specific role for the management of cancer. In this study, the first generation dTc are adapted with chimeric immunoglobulin T cell receptor while the second generation dTc are engineered with an immunoglobulin CD28 T cell receptor which integrated a CD28 costimulatory signal for optimal T cell stimulation. It determines the cognition of chimeric T cell receptors (CTR) load-bearing T cells to recognize humanlike prostate specific membrane antigen (hPSMA) on epithelium targets in both vitro and vivo. The CAR T cells are created using the anti-PSMA, and the intracellular signaling domains, CD3ζ and CD28. T cells supporting the third generation anti-hPSMA CAR, P28BBζ, were capable.......

Key words: prostate specific antigen/therapeutic use/biosynthesis; receptors, Antigen, t- cell/therapeutic use; prostate Cancer/treatment reviews

[1]. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin 2016; 66:7–30.
[2]. American Cancer Society. Prostate cancer, special section in cancer facts & figures 2010. Atlanta GA: American Cancer Society; 2010. pp. 23–37.
[3]. De Bono JS, Logothetis CJ, Molina A, Fizazi K, North S, Chu L, Chi KN, Jones RJ, Goodman OB Jr., Saad F, Staffurth JN, Mainwaring P, Harland S, Flaig TW, Hutson TE, Cheng T, Patterson H, Hainsworth JD, Ryan CJ, Sternberg CN, Ellard SL, Flechon A, Saleh M, Scholz M, Efstathiou E, Zivi A, Bianchini D, Loriot Y, Chieffo N, Kheoh T, Haqq CM, Scher HI, COU-AA-301 Investigators. Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1995–1905.
[4]. Scher HI, Fizazi K, Saad F, Taplin ME, Sternberg CN, Miller K, de Wit R, Mulders P, Chi KN, Shore ND, Armstrong AJ, Flaig TW, Flechon A, Mainwaring P, Fleming M, Hainsworth JD, Hirmand M, Selby B, Seely L, de Bono JS, AFFIRM Investi-gators. Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1187–1197.
[5]. Berthold DR, Pond GR, Soban F, de Wit R, Eisenberger M, Tannock IF. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer: Updated survival in the TAX 327 study. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:242–245.

Abstract: Many factors are known to play a role in flap necrosis, such as inadequate blood flow and disturbed venous drainage, which lead to decreased flap nutrition and necrosis. Aim of the study was to assess a custom made device for flap adaptation and stabilization for different flaps like nasolabial flap, Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap( PMMC), Collagen membrane, Buccal pad of fat etc. A device was fabricated using biocompatible and economical resources and used on patients and assessed for its compatibility and adaptation. It was further found that the device served the purpose to maximum and had many advantages. Hence fabrication of such a device would lead to reduction in many complications of various flaps used in head and neck surgeries........

Key words: Oral submucous fibrosis, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap,flap adaptation,flap necrosis

[1]. Tripathi, M., Parshad, S., Karwasra, R. and Singh, V. (2015). Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction: An experience in 100 consecutive cases. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 6(1), p.37.
[2]. Kshirsagar, R., Mohite, A., Gupta, S., Patankar, A., Sane, V. and Raut, P. (2016). Complications in the use of bilateral inferiorly based nasolabial flaps for advanced oral submucous fibrosis. National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery, 7(2), p.115.
[3]. Khanna JN,Andrade NN.Oral submucous fibrosis :a new concept in surgical management.Report of 100 cases.Int J Oral Maxillofacial Surg 1995;24:433-9...

Abstract: Apert syndrome is a rare, congenital, developmental disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, cone shaped calvarium, midface hypoplasia, ocular manifestations and symmetric syndactyly of hands and feet. These incapacities emphasize the imperative of multidisciplinary approaches, considered invariably at a very early stage including pedodontic and orthodontic management. A prosthetic management of the condition is arguably more economical than complex surgical treatments when the patient's demand is more on esthetic correction, especially in the advanced stage. The present case study is a detailed report of the treatment of a patient diagnosed with Apert syndrome distinguished with a deformity in the upper anterior region using removable prostheses

Key words: Apert syndrome; Craniosynostosis; Removable prostheses; Telescopic overdenture.

[1]. Das N, Gomide M. Oral findings in patients with apert syndrome. J Appl Oral Sci 2016;14:465-9.
[2]. Batra P, Duggal R, Prakash H. Dentofacial characteristics in apert syndrome: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedo Prev Dent 2000 Sept;20:118-23.
[3]. Dixit S, Singh A, Mamatha G, Desai R, Jaju P. Apert‟s Syndrome: Report of a New Case and its management. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2008;1:48-53.
[4]. Estudillo A, Bérber M, Rodríguez S, Pozos A. Dental approach for Apert syndrome in children: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2017 Nov;22:660-8.
[5]. Fadda M, Lerardo G, Ladnaik B, Di G, Caporlingua A, Raponi I. Treatment timing and multidisciplinary approach in Apert syndrome. Annali di Stomatologia 58 2015;VI:58-63.

Abstract: Hematologyis a branch of medicine related to different categories of clinical conditions and diseases related to components of bloodwhichmayberedbloodcells or white bloodcells or platelets .Anemiais the mostcommonly condition found in hematologicalduseaseswhichisdefined as decrease in redbloodcells or hemoglobin due to variable causes.

Keywords –Red blood cells (RBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), peripheral blood smear (PBS)

[1]. Lee GR, Foerster J, Lukens J. Wintrobe‟s clinical hematology. 10th ed. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999.
[2]. Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS. Williams hematology. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2000.
[3]. Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr, Shattil SJ. Hematology: basicprinciples and practice. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1998.
[4]. Recommendations to prevent and control iron deficiency in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1998 Apr 3;47(RR-3):1-29.
[5]. Oliveira MA, Osório MM, Raposo MC. Socioeconomic and dietary risk factors for anemia in children aged 6 to 59 months. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(1):39-46...

Abstract: Oral submucous fibrosis is an insidious chronic debilitating disease affecting the oral cavity, pharynx, and upper digestive tract and associated with restricted mouth opening. Its etiology is directly linked to betel nut chewing, common to the Indian subcontinent, South East, and Pacific Region. Autoimmune and genetic etiologies have been proposed, but betel nut chewing is thought to be the primary cause. OSF's morbidity/mortality is associated with significant masticatory dysfunction and discomfort, as well as an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma. OSF has a malignant transformation rate of 7% to 30% described in different literatures [1,2]. Surgical management of advanced oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) using bilateral inferiorly based nasolabial flaps is becoming increasingly popular..

Key words: Oral submucous fibrosis, Nasolabial flap, axial pattern flap

[1]. Daftary DK. Oral precancerous lesions and conditions of tropical interest. In: Prabhu S R, Wilson D F, Daftary D K, Jhonson N W. Oral diseases in the tropics. Oxford University press 1993. p 417- 422.
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Abstract: Objectives: Clonidine is a centrally acting sympatholytic agent with antihypertensive activity. It blunts stress response, provides analgesia, sedation and augments effects of anesthesia. Hence it was hypothesized to be an ideal agent to prevent stress response associated with laparoscopic surgeries and provide post-operative analgesia. Patients and Methods: 120 adult patients of ASA physical status I and II scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to receive oral clonidine (150 mcg) premedication (Group I, n=60) or placebo (Group II, n=60) 90 mins prior to induction. Intra-operatively they were managed by standard anesthetic agents. The two groups were compared in terms of hemodynamic parameters, sevoflurane concentrations at predetermined intervals during surgery, post-operative time to analgesic request and cumulative analgesic requirements. Results: Mean heart rate.........

Keywords: laparoscopic, clonidine, hemodynamic, stress, postoperative, pain

[1]. Hatzinger M, Kwon ST, Langbein S, Kamp S, Häcker A, Alken P. Hans Christian Jacobaeus: Inventor of Human Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy . Journal of Endourology November 2006; 20(11): 848-850
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[3]. Singh S and Arora K. Effect of oral clonidine premedication on perioperative haemodynamic response and postoperative analgesic requirement for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Indian J Anaesth 2011 Jan-Feb; 55(1): 26–30
[4]. Grace PA, Quereshi A, Coleman J, et al. Reduced postoperative hospitalization after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 1991; 78:160.
[5]. Joris J, Cigarini I, Legrand M, et al. Metabolic and respiratory changes after cholecystectomy performed via laparotomy or laparoscopy. Br J Anaesth 1992; 69:341.

Abstract: Rehabilitation of Multiple missing teeth is always challenging job for a prosthodontist in partial edentulous patient especially in distal extension cases. Successful treatment can be done with accurate diagnosis and careful treatment planning. Implant fixed prosthesis has become contemporary choice for the replacement of natural teeth in distal extension cases. But all the patients cannot afford the cost. A small number patient who can afford may have limitations like systemic diseases, or the anatomical considerations may contraindicate the dental implant options. So for that group of patient conventional methods of fabrication of the removable partial denture is a best treatment option. In modern dentistry claspless cast partial denture with precision attachment is a newer treatment modality for partially edentulous arch. Prime function of attachment retained partial denture is to distribute the masticatory forces to the wide area thereby reducing the damage to the abutments, soft tissues and bony........

Keywords: Cast partial denture, Precision attachment, Distal extension

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[3]. Master M, Shetty O, Charushila SS. Full mouth rehabilitation of a patient using cast partial dentures with precision attachments. Heal Talk 2013;5(5):26-28.
[4]. Ku YC, Shen YF, Chan CP. Extracoronal resilient attachmentsin distal-extension removable partial dentures. QuintessenceInt 2000 May; 31(5):311-317.
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