iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Background: Cutaneous infections form an important component of pediatric dermatology. Pediatric viral in-fections are common and probably increasing in incidence over the last few decades because of increase in in-cidence of viral infections in the general population & immunosuppression due to HIV. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to know the changing clinical trends of pediatric viral infections. Materials & Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2014 to June 2017. All children, 0 -15 years, of either sex presenting with viral infections were recruited in the study. Results: We report a clinico epidemiologic study of 556 children presenting with various viral infections. The most common causes were viral warts (29%), followed by molluscum contagiosum(26%), varicella(22%), herpes zoster(15%) and herpes........

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Abstract: Nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit (ICU) are common and associated with a high mortality. A retrospective study in Neurosurgery ICU (2016-17) reported that 114 of a total 663 adult ICU admissions had bacteriological cultureconfirmed nosocomial infection. commonest sites of infection were respiratory and bloodstream. Gram negative bacteria were the commonest pathogens isolated, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species. Mortality for those with a known outcome was 33%. Improved surveillance and implementation of offective preventive interventions are needed.

[1]. B. Allegranzi, S. Bagheri Nejad, C. Combescure et al., "Bur- den of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing
countries: systematic review and meta-analysis," e Lancet, vol. 377, pp. 228–241, 2011.
[2]. [2] S. B. Nejad, B. Allegranzi, S. B. Syed, B. Ellis, and D. Pit- tet, "Health-care-associated infection in Africa: a systematic review,"
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, vol. 89, pp. 757–765, 2011.
[3]. J. S. Doyle, K. L. Buising, K. A. ursky, L. J. Worth, and M. J. Richards, "Epidemiology of infections acquired in intensive care
units," Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 32, pp. 115–138, 2011.
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2.563 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study," Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1866–1871,
2011.
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in China during 2003 and 2007," BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 9, article 115, 2009.

Abstract: Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of hemophiliac patients in north India. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Patients of all age groups with hemophilia registered under department of Medicine were included. A detailed clinical history was elicited from the accompanying parent/guardian. Patients were further classified into mild, moderate, severe depending on lab records and factor VIII and IX assay levels. Results: Out of the total 115 hemophilia patients, 108 patients were of hemophilia A and 7 of hemophilia B. 54.78% (63/115) were >18 years of age. Mean age of patients was 26.15 years. Majority of the patients had severe hemophilia i.e. 66% (76/115), 20.86% (24/115) had moderate disease while 13% (15/115) had mild form of the disease. Knee joint was observed to be as the target joint among........

[1]. Srivastava A, Tariq M, Heijnen L. Haemophilia in developing countries-the challenge of detection and diagnosis. In:
ComprehensiveHaemophilia Care in Developing Countries. Ch. 2. Lahore: Feroz Sons (Pvt) Ltd.; 2012. p. 17-25.
[2]. Scott JP, Montgomery RR. Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorder. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson BF, editors. Nelson's
Text Book of Pediatrics. 18 th ed., Vol. 20. Philadelphia: Saunder; 2010. p. 61-88.
[3]. Carcao MD. The diagnosis and management of congenital hemophilia. SeminThrombHemost 2012; 38:727.
[4]. Blanchette VS, Key NS, Ljung LR, et al. Definitions in hemophilia: communication from the SSC of the ISTH. J ThrombHaemost
2014; 12:1935.
[5]. White GC 2nd, Rosendaal F, Aledort LM, et al. Definitions in hemophilia. Recommendation of the scientific subcommittee on
factor VIII and factor IX of the scientific and standardization committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and
Haemostasis. ThrombHaemost 2001; 85:560.

Abstract: Azithromycin is an azalide that acts by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible microorganisms and interfering with microbial protein synthesis. Azithromycin is also noted by antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. AzaSite® (Inspire Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Durham, NC) is azithromycin ophthalmic solution, 1% formulated in polycarbophil (the aqueous mucoadhesive polymer contained in DuraSite®) that delivers high and prolonged azithromycin concentrations in a variety of ocular tissues, including the conjunctiva, cornea and particularly the eyelid. AzaSite was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US in 2007, for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis caused by susceptible isolates. This article aims to evaluate the peer-reviewed published scientific literature and to define well established uses of AzaSite eye drops in the field of ocular infections.

Keywords: Azithromycin, AzaSite, DuraSite

[1]. Amsden GW. Advanced-generation macrolides: tissue directed antibiotics. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2001;18(Suppl 1):S11–S15.
[2]. Akpek EK, Vittitow J, Verhoeven RS, et al. Ocular surface distribution and pharmacokinetics of a novel ophthalmic 1%
azithromycin formulation. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2009;25(5):433–439.
[3]. Abelson MB, Heller W, Shapiro AM, et al. Clinical cure of bacterial conjunctivitis with azithromycin 1%: vehicle-controlled,
doublemasked clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145(6):959–965.
[4]. Retsema J, Girard A, Schelkly W, et al. Spectrum and mode of action of azithromycin (CP-62,993), a new 15-membered-ringmacrolide
with improved potency against gram-negative organisms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987;31(12):1939–1947.
[5]. West SK. Azithromycin for control of trachoma. Community Eye Health. 1999;12(32):55–56.

Abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used and studied by cataract surgeons for varied benefits in the perioperative period. In this article, we perform a literature review of articles published between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2018 concerning perioperative NSAID use for patients undergoing cataract surgery. Recent findings: Literature review revealed five areas of recent study including preoperative NSAID use for iatrogenic inflammation, intraoperative NSAID use for pupillary mydriasis, postoperative NSAID use for prevention of cystoid macular edema (CME), for prevention of pain/inflammation, and for improvement in patient quality of life.........

Keywords: Intraoperative mydriasis, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, postoperative cystoid macular edema

[1]. Katsev DA, Katsev CC, Pinnow J, Lockhart CM. Intracameral ketorolac concentration at the beginning and end of cataract surgery
following preoperative topical ketorolac administration. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:1897–1901. Clinical study on patients
establishing the washout effect of intraoperative irrigation on preoperative NSAIDs and defining the need for intracameral NSAIDs
to mitigate operation-induced inflammation.
[2]. Tomislav AM, Matas JA, Vukojevic K, et al. Effect of preoperative topical diclofenac on intraocular interleukin-12 concentration
and macular edema after cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Croat Med J 2017;
58:49–55.
[3]. Bucci FA Jr, Michalek B, Fluet AT. Comparison of the frequency of use of a pupil expansion device with and without an
intracameral phenylephrine and ketorolac injection 1%/0.3% at the time of routine cataract surgery. Clin Ophthalmol 2017;
11:1039–1043.

Abstract: Dental implantology has made possible the replacement and restoration of function, aesthetics and phonetics in the lost dentition. And although, new research in the field of dental implantology and osseointegration has surpassed various expectations, restoration of the resorbing maxilla has always posed a problem to the practicing dentist. The distal segment of the upper jaw appears especially prone to the effects of aging and it suffers early from deterioration due to various reasons. Implant rehabilitation has demonstrated high success rates of 84–92 %, when sufficient bone is available in maxilla. However, atrophy in maxilla is not an uncommon finding and conventional implant placement in this region can often be challenging. In this review, we discuss the various obstacles in the path towards restoring the atrophic maxilla as well as surgical, prosthetic and other implant techniques imperative towards a successful outcome.

Keywords: Strategic Implant®, posterior maxilla, pterygoid implants, cortically anchored implants

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[2]. Ugurlu F, Yildiz C, Sener BC, Sertgoz A. Rehabilitation of posterior maxilla with zygomatic and dental implant after tumor
resection: a case report. Case reports in dentistry 2013;2013:930345.
[3]. McFadden DD. Pre-prosthetic surgery options for fixed dental implant reconstruction of the atrophic maxilla. Annals of the Royal
Australasian College of Dental Surgeons 2000;15:61-64.
[4]. Tolstunov L. Implant zones of the jaws: implant location and related success rate. The Journal of oral implantology 2007;33:211-
220.
[5]. Tolstunov L. Combination syndrome: classification and case report. The Journal of oral implantology 2007;33:139-151.

Abstract: Background: Thoracolumbar fractures occur from any and all forms of trauma and are the commonest spinal injuries. About twenty percent of them may be associated with neurological deficits[1,2]. In India however Dorsolumbar fractures are often associated with neurologic deficit and present a significant economic burden to the family and society [3]. The management of thoracolumbar fractures continues to evolve [4]. It remains difficult, however, to prove that surgical treatment provides an increased potential for neurological recovery. Also, the role of a decompressive laminectomy is still unclear [5]. Accepted methods of treatment of dorsolumbar burst fractures include conservative therapy, posterior reduction and instrumentation and anterior decompression and instrumentation. Early mobilization and rehabilitation is the most important aim of the management [6,7].........

Keywords: Thoracolumbar fractures, surgical treatment and technique, neurological recovery, transpedicular, vertebral body decompression, graft placement and fixation.

[1]. Kewalramani LS, Taylor RG. Multiple Non-Contiguous Injuries to the Spine Acta Orthop Scand 1976; 47:52-8
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[3]. N Basheer, Deepak Gupta, GD Sathyarthi, Deepak Aggarwal, S Sinha, BS Sharma, AK Mahapatra Unstable dorsolumbar fractures: A prospective series of 94 cases Department of Neurosurgery, JPNA Trauma Centre, AIIMS, New Delhi. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma (UNT), Vol.7, No. 1, 2010; 56 59.
[4]. Saboe LA, Reid DC, Davis LA, Warren SA, Grace MG. Spine Trauma and Associated Injuries. J Trauma 1991; 31:43-8
[5]. Holdsworth F. Fractures, Dislocations, and Fracture-Dislocations of the Spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1970; 52:1534-51.

Abstract: Introduction: Lens-induced-glaucoma is a distinct pathological entity, clinically recognizable, easily preventable and often curable by cataract extraction.1 Lens induced glaucoma due to hyper mature cataracts are an important cause of secondary glaucoma and a common cause of ocular morbidity in developing world. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Ophthalmology department of district hospital, baramulla from October 2017 to June 2018. 50 Patients visiting the Hospital with classical symptoms of Lens induced Glaucoma were taken into study. The diagnosis of phacomorphic glaucoma was based on the presence of the classical signs and symptoms such as pain and redness, shallow anterior chamber (AC), cornea oedema and increased IOP with intumescent lens. Phacolytic glaucoma was diagnosed clinically based on the presence of the hyper mature cataract with intact capsule, presence of lens protein and flare in AC.........

Key words: LIG, Lens-induced-glaucoma, Senile cataract, Blindness.

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[4]. Jain IS, Gupta A, Dogra MR, Gangwar DN, Dhir SP. Phacomorphic glaucoma Management and visual prognosis. Ind J Ophthalmol 31:648-653, 1983.
[5]. Fletcher A, Thulasiraj RD, et al. Low uptake of eye services in rural India: A challenge for programs of blindness prevention. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999;117:1393–1399.

Abstract: Connective tissue diseases are a heterogeneous group of systemic inflammatory diseases of autoimmune origin that affecta wide range of organs and systems. Many collagen-vascular diseases involve the lungs either directly or as a complication of the treatment. Several components of the respiratory system may be involved, including the airways, vessels, parenchyma, pleura, and respiratory muscles. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the method of choice for evaluating systemic disease as it is able to detect lung abnormalities, characterize the findings, assess the extent of disease, and help to establish the differential diagnosis. cross sectional study was done in Department of Radiodiagnosis, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal to study the HRCT findings in connective tissue diseases................

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