iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Introduction: Cataract surgery has become one of the most common and successful procedures in ophthalmology. In addition to improving visual acuity (VA), one of the goals of modern cataract surgery is to reduce pre-existing astigmatism (PEA), a factor that may reduce VA and affect the quality of vision. Materials and Methods: 100 patients of cataract attending to District Hospital Baramulla with the rule and against the rule astigmatism were included in the study. The astigmatic profile and the effect of surgical incision on astigmatism were studied. A prospective study was done in which patients were divided into two groups. MSICS was performed with superiorly located incision in group I and temporally located incision in group II. Results: Out of the total 100 patients undergoing MSICS, 59 patients had ATR, 36 patients had WTR and 5 patients had no astigmatism. Thus the pre-operative astigmatic profile shows that ATR is more common type of astigmatism in this group. Among 50 patients in superior incision group, 18 had pre-operative WTR, 29 had ATR and 3 did not have astigmatism..........

Keywords: Astigmatism, Small incision cataract surgery, temporalincision, SIA.

[1]. Minnassian DC, Rosen P, Dart JK, Reidy A, Desai P, Sindhu M. Extra capsular cataract extraction compared with small incision surgery by phacoemulsification: a randomized trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2001; Jul; 85(7); 822-29.
[2]. Miller SJ, Parson's Diseases of Eye. Edinburgh: Butterworth Hienmann International Edition. 18th edition 1990; 63-69.
[3]. Merriam JC, Zheng L, Merriam JE, Zaider M, Lindstrom B. The effect of incisions for cataract on corneal curvature. Ophthalmology. 2003 Sep; 110(9): 1807-13.
[4]. Koch PS. The structural analysis of cataract incision construction. J Cataract Refract Surg 1991; 17(suppl): 661-67.
[5]. Reddy B, Raj A, Singh VP. The sites of incision and corneal astigmatism in conventional SICS versus phacoemulsification. Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie) 2007; 39(3):209-16.

Abstract: Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is defined by the presence of thromboembolic complications and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of persistently increased titers of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Its clinical presentation can be diverse and any organ can be involved, with a current impact in most surgical and medical specialties. Here we present a case of a 52 years old male who presented to us with features of renal failure and multiple joint pain with history of multiple ischaemic strokes in the past. He was diagnosed by us as a case of secondary APLA syndrome (which is rare in males) and subsequently treated and followed up. We conclude that clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion of APS in patients who present with a thrombotic episode – clinicians should investigate for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, as early diagnosis may influence the course of the disease.............

.

Key words: APLA, Coagulation, Male.

[1]. Lokshine MD. Update on antiphospholipid syndrome. Bull Hosp Jt. Dis. 2006;64(1):57-9
[2]. Saigal R, Kansal A, Mittal M, Singh Y, Ram H. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. JAPI. 2010 Mar;58:176-84
[3]. Devsree K, Peerlinck K, Hoylearts MF. Thrombotic risk assessment in the antiphospholipid syndrome requires more than the quantification of lupus anticoagulant. Blood. 2010;115(4):870-8
[4]. Kandiah DA, Krilish SA. Beta-2 glycoprotein 1. Lupus. 1994;3(4):207-12
[5]. Esmol NL, Sofa O, Smirnov MD, Esmon CT. Antiphospholipid antibodies and the protein C pathway. J autoimmune. 2000;15(2):221-5

Abstract: The severely atrophied maxilla restricts implant placement mainly in the posterior region when using conventional techniques. The "All-on-4" concept could be a good alternative consisting in placing four implants in the anterior part of the fully edentulous jaw to support provisional, fixed and immediately loaded prosthesis. The two most anterior implants are placed axially, and the two posterior implants are placed in an angled position. This approach can be considered a clinically effective treatment with affordable time and cost, allowing a more simple procedure, less morbidity and higher patient quality of life. This clinical case describes the steps to restore an atrophic maxilla following the "all-on-four" concept, with immediate load.

.

Key words: Rehabilitation, edentulous jaw, all-on-four.

[1]. Clavero J, Lundgren S. Ramus or chin grafts for maxillary sinus inlay and local onlay augmentation: comparison of donor site morbidity and complications. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003;5:154–160. [2]. Sannino, G. All-on-4 Concept: A 3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. J. Oral Implantol., 41(2):163-71, 2015
[3]. Malo P, Rangert B, Nobre M. ""All-on-Four‟‟ immediate-function concept with Branemark System implants for completely edentulous mandibles: a retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003; 5(suppl 1):2–9.
[4]. Malo P, Rangert B, Nobre M. All-on-4 immediate-function concept with Branemark System implants for completely edentulous maxillae: a 1- year retrospective clinical study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2005;7(suppl 1): S88–S94. [5]. Bevilacqua M, Tealdo T, Menini M, et al. The influence of cantilever length and implant inclination on stress distribution in maxillary implant supported fixed dentures. J Prosthet Dent. 2010;105:5–13.

Abstract: Introduction: Cataract surgery has undergone various advances since it was evolved from ancient couching to the modern phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) remains one of the most common complications. The introduction of sutureless clear corneal incision has gained increasing popularity worldwide because it offers several advantages over the traditional sutured limbal incision and scleral tunnel. A clear corneal incision has the benefit of being bloodless and having an easy approach, but SIA is still a concern. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective interventional comparative randomized control trial of 261 patients conducted in a rural-based secondary eye care center from September 2017 to August 2018. The visual acuity and detailed anterior segment and posterior segment examinations............

.

Key words: Phacoemulsification, temporal, clear corneal, SIA

[1]. Jaffe NS, Jaffe MS, Jaffe GF. Intraocular lens implants. In: Jaffe's cataract surgery and its complications; 6th edition. Harcourt, Mosby. 1997:147-199.
[2]. Khurana AK, Indu Khurana. Cornea, limbus and sclera.In: Anatomy and physiology of Eye. 2nd edition.Cbs. 2011:21-41.
[3]. Troutman RC, Buzard KA. Detection and measurement of astigmatism: Instruments and techniques. In Troutman's Corneal Astigmatism. Mosby- Year book Inc. 1992:92-117.
[4]. Koch P. Structural analysis of cataract incision construction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1991;17:661- 7.
[5]. Pallin S. Comparison of induced astigmatism with phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1991;13:274-8.

Abstract: To evaluate the oral hygiene status of Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients and control group using Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), Decayed Missing Filled Tooth (DMFT) index and Decayed Missing Filling Surface (DMFS) index. To compare oral hygiene status of SCA patients with control group. To counsel and educate SCA patients, control group children and their parents/guardians. Material and Method: Descriptive survey was conducted A total of 86 patients were included in SCA group and 88 in control group. DMFT and OHIS was recorded. Result: A significant difference in DMFT and DMFS indices was found between SCA and control group (p<0.01 and p<0.001) respectively. The OHI-S of SCA and control group was similar. No Significant difference was there in mean DMFT, DMFS & OHI-S scores............

.

Key words: DMFT, OHIS, Sickle cell anemia

[1] Pauling L, Itano HA, Singer SJ, Wells IC. Sickle cell anemia a molecular disease. Science.1949;110:543–8.
[2] Kato GJ, Gladwin MT, Steinberg MH. Deconstructing sickle cell disease: reappraisal of the role of hemolysis in the development of clinical subphenotypes. Blood Rev. 2007;21(1):37–47.
[3] Gladwin MT, Vichinsky E. Pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(21):2254–65.
[4] Alves PV, Alves DK, de Souza MM, Torres SR Orthodontic treatment of patients with sickle-cell anemia. Angle Orthod.2006;76:269-273.
[5] Mohamed AO, Bayoumi RA, Hofvander Y, Omer MI, Ronquist G.Sickle cell anaemia in Sudan: clinical findings, haematological and serum variables. Ann Trop Paediatr.1992;12:131-136.

Abstract: Peno-scrotalelephantiasis nostras verrucosa is debilitating syndrome consisting of long standing lymphoedema of the penis and scrotum of non-filarialorigin, cutaneous features and occasional inguinal lymphadenopathy which precede the condition. A 36 year old man presented with several years history of genital swelling that occurred after developing inguinal lymphadenopathy from suspected lymphogranuloma venerum. Patient suffered inter-departmental shuttling with missed diagnoses of first lupus vulgaris and then condylomata acuminata of the penis and scrotum. Following series of incisional biopsy reports............

.

Key words: Scrotal elephantiasis, neo-scrotum, elephantiasis nostras verrucosa.

[1]. Craig Pastor, Mark S. Granick. Scrotal lymphedema. E-Plasty 2011; 11:ic 15
[2]. Soh Nishimoto, Masato Kinoshita, Yuko Miyazaki, Kenichiro Kawai, Masao Kakibuchi. Lymphoedema of the penis and scrotum as a sequela of chronic skin infection. J Surg Case Rep. Volume 2016, issue 7, 1 July 2016. rjw127, https://dor.org/10.1093/jscr/rjw127
[3]. Balik E, Eren T, Bulut T, Buyukuncu Y, Bugra D, Yamaner S. Surgical approach to extensive hidradenitis suppurativa in the perineal/perianal and gluteal regions. World J. Surg. 2009, 33:481-7
[4]. Andrzej Szuba. stanley G. Rockson. Lymphoedema: classification, diagnosis and therapy. Vascular Medicine 1998;3:145-156
[5]. Sriam Bhat M. lymphatics: In SRB's Manual of Surgery 3rd Ed. 2003;209-223

Abstract: Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm which may be mistaken for other similar lesions due to overlapping clinical and radiological features. We reported a case of ossifying fibroma of roof of orbit in a 14 year old male patient which was a recurrence within the span of 2 years. The child came with the chief complaint of outward protrusion of right eyeball since 6 months. It was for the second time. It was slow in onset, protruded over the months to the present size and was not associated with the history of diminution of vision or pain associated with it. No history of trauma. The visual acuity of the patient was 6/6 in both eyes taken by snellen's chart. The fundus was within normal limits in both the eyes. The color vision was taken and was normal. Perimetry was normal excluding any field defect.............

.

Key words: Ossifying fibroma, proptosis, right orbit

[1]. Mafee, MF, Yang, G, Tseng, A, Keiler, L, Andrus, K 2003Fibro-osseous and giant cell lesions, including brown tumor of the mandible, maxilla, and other craniofacial bones Neuroimaging Clin N Am1352540
[2]. Commins D.J., Tolley N.S., Milford C.A. Fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma of the paranasal sinuses. Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1998;112:964–968.
[3]. Eversole LR, Leider AS, Nelson K. Ossifying fibroma: a clinicopathologic study of sixty-four cases. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral 1985; 30;60(5):505‒511.

Abstract: Lobular capillary hemangioma otherwise called as pyogenic granuloma is a inflammatory hyperplasia affecting oral mucosa. It represents exuberant connective tissue proliferation to a stimulus or injury.Pyogenic granuloma is considered non- neoplastic benign lesion and has predilection for gingiva whereas capillary hemangioma has predilection for lips, cheek and tongue. Its incidence is high in second and third decade of life in female patients. Diagnosis of such lesions becomes difficult as gingival enlargement may represent inflammation, cysts and neoplasm.Some lesions are reactive in nature. This article presents a two case reports clinically diagnosed as " pyogenic granuloma" and histopathologically as "lobulated capillary hemangioma." treated by surgical exicision without any recurrence.

Keywords:- hemangioma, pyogenic granuloma, gingival enlargement, benign lesion.

[1]. Eversole LR. Clinical Outline of Oral Pathology: Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. Hamilton: BC Decker; 2002. p. 113‑4.
[2]. Greenberg MS, Glick M. Burket‟s Oral Medicine: Diagnosis and Treatment. 10th ed. Hamilton: BC Decker; 2003. p. 141‑2.
[3]. Bhaskar SN, Jacoway JR. Pyogenic granuloma – Clinical features, incidence, histology, and result of treatment: Report of 242 cases.J Oral Surg 1966;24:391‑8.
[4]. Hartzell MB. Granuloma pyogenicum. J Cutan Dis Syph 1904;22:520‑5.
[5]. Angelopoulos AP. Pyogenic granuloma of the oral cavity: Statistical analysis of its clinical features. J Oral Surg 1971;29:840‑7.

Abstract: Anatomy, the study of the structures of the human body is one of the first, most basic and important subjects studied by medical students when they begin their medical education career. Generations of doctors have been initiated into the medical profession by cutting into their first cadavers. A solid appreciation of human anatomy is still a necessary part of understanding pathology and treatments. (1,2). The format of teaching anatomy in terms of content and methods has evolved and changed considerably over the last two decades along with changes in the demands of the medical profession. The changes are attributed to scarcity of cadavers, time constraints and rapid advances in information technology among the many others. Two approaches are debated in the methodology of teaching anatomy, the teacher-centered and the student-centered. Integration of the two approaches can best give the solution to teaching this giant of a subject (3).

[1]. Rajkumari A, Singh Y. Body donation and its relevance in anatomy learning: A review. J Anat Soc India, 2007; 56:1-6.
[2]. Patel SB, Mauro D, Fenn J et al. Is dissection the only way to learn anatomy? Thoughts from students at a non-dissecting based medical school. Perspect Med Educ, 2015; 4:259–260.
[3]. Singh V, Kharb P. A paradigm shift from teaching to learning gross anatomy: meta-analysis of implications for instructional methods. J Anat Soc India, 2013; 62:84-89.
[4]. Turney BW. Anatomy in a modern medical curriculum. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2007; 89:104-7.
[5]. Petimani MS, Adake P. Blackboard versus PowerPoint presentation: Students opinion in medical education. Int J Educ Psychol Res 2015; 1:289-92.

Abstract: Back ground: The purpose of this study is to evaluate results of the soft tissue injuries with Orthopaedic problems in 47 patients in Osmania General Hospital (OGH) under Osmania Medical College (OMC), Hyderabad, Telangana, during JAN2001 to DEC 2003. Materials and Methods: The study of 47cases orthopaedic trauma with soft tissue injuries treated in the teaching hospital Osmania General Hospital, Osmania Medical College , Hyderabad during Jan 2001 to December 2003. The cases were followed for a period of 3 years and their outcome was assessed clinically. Results: The mean follow up period was 3 years. The outcome was excellent in 45cases. One case had partial flap necrosis and the other case was lost in the follow up.

Key words: Dedridement, Fascio cutaneous flap, De- epitheliazed flap,Osteofascio cutaneous flap.

[1]. Am J Surg. 1991 Jun;161(6):693-701.Treatment of compound fractures.Seligson D1, HenrySL.
[2]. Witmer, Daniel K.; Marshall, Silas T.; Browner, Bruce D. (2016). "Emergency Care of Musculoskeletal Injuries". In Townsend,
Courtney M.; Beauchamp, R. Daniel; Evers, B. Mark; Mattox, Kenneth L. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery (20th ed.). Elsevier.
pp. 462–504. ISBN 978-0-323-40163-0.
[3]. Roberto Schubert. "Fractures of the extremities (general rules and nomenclature)". Radiopaedia. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
[4]. March 1937THE MANAGEMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURES,HENRY H. RITTER, .D.Arch Surg. 1937;34(3):527-534.
doi:10.1001/archsurg.1937.01190090152007
[5]. Richards RR, Schemitsch EH. Effect of muscle flap coverage on bone blood flow following devascularization of a segment of tibia:
an experimental investigation in the dog. J Orthop Res. 1989;7(4):550–8. [PubMed]

Abstract: USG guided FNAC is emerging, widely accepted, less invasive and cost effective safe diagnostic procedure with high sensitivity and specificity. Intraabdominal mass or focal lesion involving abdominal sites is often difficult for evaluation and remain an enigma for clinician. This study was done to evaluate the utility of USG guided FNAC to differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant lesion in various palpable and non palpable intraabdominal lesion. Aim: The aims of our study is to assess the usefulness of USG guided FNAC as a pre-operative diagnostic procedure in management of intra-abdominal lesions. Objective: The objective of our study is to assess the cytomorphological feature, age and sex distribution of the patients with various condition of intra-abdominal lesions, to classify the malignant according to their cell type and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic accuracy in different lesion wherever possible............

[1]. Das DK, Tripathi RP, Bhambhani S, Chachra, KL, Sodhani P, Malhotra V. Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Diagnosis of Gallbladder Lesions: A Study of 82 Cases. Diagn. Cytopathol.1998; 18: 258–64.
[2]. Ikezoe J, Morirnoto S, Arisawa J, Takashima S, Kozuka, T, Nakahara K. Percutaneous Biopsy of Thoracic Lesions: Value of Sonography for Needle Guidance. AJR 1990; 154: 1181-5.
[3]. Gazelle GS, Haaga JR. Guided percutaneous biopsy of intraabdominal lesions.AJR. 1989;153:929-35.
[4]. Stewart CJR, Coldewey J, Stewart IS. Comparison of fine needle aspiration cytology and needle core biopsy in the diagnosis of radiologically detected abdominal lesions. J Clin Pathol 2002; 55: 93–97.
[5]. Langlois S Le P. Imaging methods for guidance of aspiration cytology. In: Orell SR, Sterrett GF, Whitaker D.Fine needle aspiration cytology, 4th ed.New Delhi: Churchill Livingstone:2005;31-40.

Abstract: I hereby report a rare case of primary pancreatic hydatid cyst. Hydatid cyst of the pancreas is rare and it can present as pancreatitis or obstructive jaundice as well due to compression of bile duct. A 35-year-old male patient presented with complaints of jaundice and itching all over the body of 20 days duration associated with pain. A mass of size 10 cm × 8 cm was palpated in epigastrium region extending onto the right hypochondrium. Radiologically diagnosed as a pseudocyst of the pancreas, which on operation was diagnosed as hydatid cyst.

Keywords: Jaundice, Hydatid cyst, Pancreas

[1]. Brown RA, Millar AJ, Steiner Z, Krige JE, Burkimsher D, Cywes S. Hydatid cyst of the pancreas – A case report in a child. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1995;5(2):121-3.
[2]. Hamamci EO, Besim H, Korkmaz A. Unusual locations of hydatid disease and surgical approach. ANZ J Surg. 2004;74(5):356-60.
[3]. Ozmen MM, Moran M, Karakahya M, Coskun F. Recurrent acute pancreatitis due to a hydatid cyst of the pancreatic head: A case report and review of the literature. JOP. 2005;6(4):354-8.
[4]. Jai SR, El Hattabi K, Bensardi F, Chehab F, Khaiz D, Bouzidi A. Primary hydatid cyst of the pancreas causing obstructive jaundice. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(4):191-3.

Abstract: Breast cancer is now becoming the most common cancer throughout the world. Breast cancer is a hormone dependent cancer. Amount of Oestrogen exposure is directly proportional to the chance of developing breast cancer in a women throughout her lifetime. Early detection of breast cancer improves the survival rate upto 99%.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Histopathology, Treatment.

[1]. Grays Anatomy - 41st edition
[2]. Robbins Pathologic basic of disease, Cotran, Kumar & robbins- 10th edition
[3]. Bailey & Love Short practice of Surgery - 27th edition
[4]. Sabiston textbook of Surgery
[5]. Oxford textbook of Surgery – Volume 1

Abstract: Dairy product is processed milk products using technology that has additional nutrition tambahan (Stanton et al, 2013), which are milk, and other processed products like cheese and yoghurt (Ferrazano et al, 2007). Dairy products is rich in important micronutrients for the body like calcium, phosphor, magnesium, zinc, potassium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, protein, essential and non-essential fat. The objective of this study is to understand dairy product effectivity towards increase in calcium ion, pH, and salivary glow before and after three and sever days on dairy product consumption. This is an experimental study with pre and post test group design with 75 respondents classified into three groups which are milk, cheese, yoghurt, each has 25 correspondents. The study result shows that consumption............

Keyword: Dairy product, salivary pH, flow rate, ion calcium

[1]. Siswosubroto Anastasia E, Pengemanan D.H.C, Leman Michael A, 2015. Gambaran konsumsi yoghurt terhadap peningkatan pH saliva. J.Imiah Farmasi.; Vol 4 No 4:46-51.
[2]. Sugiaman Vinna Kurniawati, 2014. Manfaat keasaman yoghurt dalam pencegahan karies gigi. Vol 3 No. 2: 103-10.
[3]. Fejerskov Ole, Kidd Edwina, Nyvad Bente, Baelum Vibeke, 2008. The role of saliva. In: Bardow A, Lagerlof F, Nauntofte B, Tenovuo J. Dental caries the disease and its clinical management second edition. Oxford: Blackwell:190-207.
[4]. Walsh LJ, 2008. Clinical aspects of salivary biology for dental clinician. J Minim Interv Dent;1-10.
[5]. Soendoro T, 2013. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS). Jakarta 2013:60-5.
[6]. Ferrazzano G, Cantile T, Ingenito A, et al, 2007. New strategies in dental caries prevention:experimental study on casein phosppopeptides. Eur J Paediatric Dent:183-4.
[7]. Telgi R, Yadav V, Tekgi C, et al. In vivo dental plaque pH after consumption of dairy products. General dentristry:56-9.

Abstract: Intentional replantation which is considered as "treatment of last resort" has become more widely accepted procedure now. Although this technique has variable success rates,evolution in techniques and armamentarium have helped in increasing its success rates.It may be opted as alternative of extraction when tooth is not treatable by surgical or nonsurgical approaches. In this case series, 2 cases with different clinical conditions have been presented which were successfully treated by intentional replantation technique.

Keywords: Intentional, replantation, techniques, replant, reimplant.

[1]. Haapasalo M, Shen YA, Ricucci D. Reasons for persistent and emerging posttreatment endodontic disease. Endod Topics 2008;18:31–50.
[2]. Friedman S. Considerations and concepts of case selection in the management of posttreatment endodontic disease (treatment failure). Endod Topics 2002;1:54–78.
[3]. Ruddle CJ. Nonsurgical retreatment. J Endod 2004;30:827– 45.
[4]. Jin GC, Kim KD, Roh BD, Lee CY, Lee SJ. Buccal bone plate thickness of the Asian people. J Endod 2005;31:430–4.
[5]. Bender IB, Rossman LE. Intentional replantation of endodontically treated teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993;76:623–30.