iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Aims and objectives- To evaluate role of USG in orbital and extra-orbital diseases. Materials and methods- It was a hospital based, observational, descriptive study with a sample size of 144 cases during a period of 1.5yrs in the department of radiology of Seth G.S Medical college and KEM Hospital, Mumbai. Patients undergoing B-scan as advised by their treating physicians were included in this study. Results-In our study, 144 patients underwent B scan for diagnosing various pathologies of the orbit out of which 135 patients were positive for ocular pathology and 9 patients were normal. Out of 119 cases of intraocular pathologies, 32(23.7%) patients had vitreous hemorrhage followed by the retinal detachment which was seen in 25(18.5%) patients. 12(8.8%) patients had Vitreous detachment, 10(7.4%) patients had endophthalmitis.............

Keywords: Bscan and Orbit.

[1]. The History of Ultrasound | BMUS [Internet]. [cited 2018 Feb 3]. Available from: https://www.bmus.org/about-ultrasound/history-of-ultrasound/
[2]. Bedi DG, Gombos DS, Ng CS, Singh S. Sonography of the Eye. 2006;(October):1061–72. 5. Hulley SB, Cummings SR, Browner WS, Grady D NT. Designing Clinical Research [Internet]. [cited 2018 Apr 1]. Available from: https://shop.lww.com/Designing-Clinical-Research/p/9781608318049
[3]. Sadler TW (Thomas W., Langman J. Langman's medical embryology. [Internet]. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012 [cited 2018 Feb 4]. 384 p.
[4]. Dudea SM. Ultrasonography of the eye and orbit. 2011;13(2):171–4.
[5]. Lorente-Ramos RM, Armán JA, Muñoz-Hernández A, Gómez JMG, de la Torre SB. US of the Eye Made Easy: A Comprehensive How-to Review with Ophthalmoscopic Correlation. RadioGraphics [Internet]. 2012 Sep [cited 2018 Apr2];32(5):E175–200.Availablefrom: http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/rg.325115105

Abstract: To assess early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing Infrainguinal bypass surgery with Single Tibial artery outflow and to study the factors affecting outcome.........

[1]. Tina R. Desai, MD; Shari L. Meyerson, MD; Christopher L. Skelly Patency and Limb Salvage After Infrainguinal Bypass With Severely Compromised ("Blind") Outflow, Arch Surg/Vol 136, June 2001;136: 635-642
[2]. Robert B. Rutherford, MD, J. Dennis Baker, Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: Revised version J VascSurg1997;26:517-38.
[3]. Rutherford RB, Flanigan DP, Gupta SK, et al. Suggested standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia. J VascSurg; 1986; 4:80-94.
[4]. Thomsen HS, MorcosSK, contrast media and the kidney: European society of urogenital radiology (ESUR) guidelines Br J Radiology 76;513-518 ,2003
[5]. R.B Rutherford, Cronenwett, Glovicki, Johnston, Rutherford vascular surgery 6 th edition 2005.

Abstract: Background: Prophylactic application of SR PPH suction cannula in high risk women for atonic PPH may help to prevent blood loss and avoid catastrophic atonic PPH. Methods: Twenty two women with different risk factors for atonic PPH like obstructed prolonged labor, accidental hemorrhage, PIH, anemia complicating pregnancy, multifetal pregnancy, and hydramnios, either alone or in combination, and who delivered either normally or by caesarean section were included in this study. Age, parity, gestational age at delivery was recorded. The uterine portion of the cannula was inserted into the uterine cavity up to the level of..........

Keywords: Atonic PPH, SR PPH suction Cannula, Prophylactic application

[1]. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimate Executive summary.
[2]. Samartha Ram H, Shankar Ram HS et.al. "Vacuum retraction of uterus for the management of atonic postpartum hemorrhage‟ IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 13, Issue 11 Ver. II (Nov. 2014), PP 00-00.
[3]. Purwosunu Y, Sarkoen W, Arulkumaran S, Segnitz J et.al. "Control of Postpartum Hemorrhage Using Vacuum-Induced Uterine Tamponade‟. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Jul; 128 (1):33-6.
[4]. A Comprehensive Textbook of Postpartum hemorrhage 2nd Edition. Edited by Sir SabaratnamArulkumaran, MahanteshKaroshi. Chapter 37. Preparedness for Postpartum Hemorrhage: an Obstetric Hemorrhage Equipment Tray. Page 314
[5]. WHY MOTHERS DIE, KERALA - 2006-09. Editors: VP Paily, K Ambujam, Betsy Thomas. Observations, recommendations: Second Report of Confidential Review of Maternal Deaths. Page 71.

Abstract: Obstetric sonography plays an important role in the accurate determination of intrauterine gestational age. The exemplary safety record of diagnostic ultrasound is probably an important reason that it has become so widely used.1 Ultrasonic measurement of fetal biometry (CRL, BPD, FL) are considered to be reliable when they are performed in first & early 2nd trimester (<24 weeks). Currently there is no single fetal measurement used for accurate estimation of gestational age in the 3rd trimester especially in women who booked late & unsure about their LMPs.2Several longitudinal studies have been performed in the western countries concerning sonographic............ .

Key words: ultrasonography , crown rump length(CRL) , biparietal diameter(BPD), femur length(FL) , kidney length(KL)

[1]. Nyborg, W. L. (2002). Safety of Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound, Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI, 23, 5, 377-386.
[2]. TAJ December 2007; volume 20 number 2-Fetal kidney can be a new parameter for determination of gestational age in 3rd trimester- NahidYusuf,Fauzia Moslem, Jasmine AraHaque Peter W. Callen, (1994) Ultrasonography in obstetrics and gynecology, 3rd edition,W. B. Saunders company, Philadelphia.
[3]. Mahony, B. S., Callen, P. and Filly, A. R., (1985). The distal femoral epiphysisal ossification center in the assessment of third trimester menstrual age: sonographic identification and measurement, Radiology, 155, 201-204.
[4]. Miller, M. W., Brayman, A. A. and Abramowicz, J. S., (1998). Obstetric ultrasonography: A biophysical consideration of patient safety-the "rules" have changed, Am J ObstetGynecol, 179, 241-254.
[5]. Sato A, Yamaguchi Y, Liou SM, Sato M, Suzuki M. Growth of fetal kidney assessed by real time ultrasound. GynecolObstet Invest 1985; 20: 1-5

Abstract: BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: Sigmoid volvulus is an abdominal surgical emergency in regions of the world the volvulus belt-- South America, Africa, the Middle East, India, and Russia. It causes morbidity and mortality. when sigmoid colon twists about its mesentery it results in volvulus. Majority of colonic obstruction involves sigmoid colon in 90% of cases. It can present as acute type or sub-acute type or chronic form. Surgery is the treatment in acute sigmoid volvulus. Many methods are used in the surgical management. The purpose is to STUDY the "COMPARISION OF PRIMARY RESECTION ANASTOMOSIS WITH HARTMANNS PROCEDURE IN THE MANAGEMENTACUTE SIGMOID VOLVULUS.........

[1]. Osiro SB, Cunningham D, Tubbs RS, Gielecki J, Loukas M—‗The review of sigmoid volvulus'- Am Surg., 2012; 78(3): 271-279.
[2]. Katsikogiannis N, with Zarogoulidis P, Sarika E, Stylianaki A,and Zisoglou M, et al. --Management of sigmoid volvulus avoiding resection. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2012;6:293-9.
[3]. Atamanalp SS, Ozturk G.( Sigmoid volvulus in the elderly outcomes , 453-patient experience. Surg Today). 2011;41:514-9.
[4]. Salas S, Angel CA, Salas N, with Murillo C,and Swischuk L.-[ Sigmoid volvulus in adolescents. J Am Coll Surg]. 2000; 190(6):717-23.
[5]. Cirocchi R, Farinella Eand, Morelli U, Trastulli S, Milani D et al.; ―The sigmoid volvulus: timing and mortality for different types. World J Emergency Surg‖., 2010, 5: 1..

Abstract: India has the highest burden of TB in the world, an estimated 2 million cases annually. This accounts for approximately one fifth of the global incidence of TB. It is estimated that about 40% of the Indian population is infected with TB bacteria. The vast majority of infected people have latent TB rather than active tuberculosis. It is also estimated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that 300,000 people die from TB each year in India.(1) It is well known that there is increased incidence of TB in patients with chronic kidney disease and those on dialysis. A systematic review and meta analysis showed an increased risk of active TB in ESRD patients compared to general population (2). Increased prevalence of TB in CKD may be due to malnutrition, anemia, alteration in immune response. Often delay in diagnosis is due to nonspecific complaints which can be confused to uremia...........

[1]. Global Tuberculosis Control 2015, WHO, Geneva, 2015 www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/ http://www.tbfacts.org/tb-statistics-india
[2]. Al-Efraij K, Mota L, Lunny C, Schachter M, Cook V, Johnston J Risk of active tuberculosis in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2015 Dec;19(12):1493-9.
[3]. Antonios I Christopoulos Athanasios A Diamantopoulos, Panagiotis A Dimopoulos Demetrios S Goumenos, and George A Barbalias Risk factors for tuberculosis in dialysis patients: a prospective multi-center clinical trial BMC Nephrol. 2009; 10: 36.
[4]. Mary M. Klote, Lawrence Y. Agodoa, and Kevin C. Abbott Risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in US chronic dialysis patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (2006) 21 (11): 3287-3292 first published online September 12, 2006
[5]. Tuberculosis in haemodialysis patients: A single centre experience. Rao TM, Ram R, Swarnalatha G, Santhosh Pai BH, Ramesh V, Rao CS, Naidu GD, Dakshinamurty KV. Indian J Nephrol. 2013 Sep;23(5):340-5.

Abstract: CONTEXT Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard management for Gallstones disease. This is continuously evolving and this article is an attempt to assess the difficulty levels for LC in an objective manner and to introduce a part of a scoring system –"ICHBS Score" and accordingly proper recommendations for surgical technique to be adopted as per difficulty levels Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, andIII for safe cholecystectomy. MATERIAL&METHODS The study was conducted from October 2016 to September 2018 ( n=192)to study "clinico-radio-pathological parameters that can predict............

[1]. Mishra Shashank. ""Clinico-morphoradiological factors predicting Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in viral marker positive and negative patients-A Hospital Based Comparative Study"." IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) 16.10 (2017): 45-59.
[2]. Nabil AA. Preoperative prediction of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy using clinical and ultrasonograpic parameters. Journal of the medical research institute (2006); vol 27. No.3: 102-7.
[3]. Khurro MS, Mahajan R, Zargar SA, Javid G. Prevalence of biliary tract disease in India: a sonographic study in adult population in Kashmir. Gut 1989; 30:201-05.

Abstract: The post intubation voice change is generally assumed to be the result of vocal fold damage. Videostroboscopy isslow motion, magnified comprehensive evaluation of vibratory characteristics of the vocal fold. Our study aims to examine the effects of short-term endotracheal intubation on the vocal fold vibratory pattern using videostroboscopy. This prospective observational study was conducted in patients posted for elective surgical procedures under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation in department of otorhinolaryngology between march 2017 – 2018. A total of 100 patients were included in the study and compared the videostroboscopic parameters at three intervals that is one day before intubation ; one day and one week after extubation. Short term endotracheal intubation causes a statistically significant change in the videostroboscopic parameters.......

[1]. Tsunoda A, Hatanaka A, Tsunoda R, Kishimoto S, Tsunoda K. A full digital, high definition video system (1080i) for laryngoscopy and stroboscopy. J LaryngolOtol 2008;122:78–81.
[2]. Casiano RR, Zaveri V, Lundy DS. Efficacy of videostroboscopy in the diagnosis of voice disorders. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1992;107:95–100.

[3]. Beckford, N.S., Mayo, R., Wilkinson, A., and Tierney, M. (1990). Effects of short-term endotracheal intubation on vocal function. Laryngoscope 100 (4), 331-336.
[4]. Preschel U, Eysholdt U. Short-term changes of larynx and voice after intubation. Laryngorhinootologie. 1993;72:93–97.
[5]. Ghandour HH, Shoeib RM, Nassar JF, El-Shafei MM. Assessment of the short-term effects of endotracheal intubation on vocal functions. Egypt J Otolaryngol 2012;28:251-61..

Abstract: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of rheumatoid factor (RF) in SLE patients from Morocco and evaluate its correlation with antinuclear antibodies (ANA), disease activity in SLE Moroccan patients. RF was measured using ELISA in 52 SLE patients with and without arthritis. Levels ≥ 24 units/ ml defined a positive test of RF. Positive RF was detected in 21.15% % of SLE patients. The mean titer of RF in the SLE group was 71.75 U/ml. ANA) were tested by indirect immunofluorescence method .We found an increase of level of RF in patient with ANA positive. The frequency of presence of RF was higher in patients with active disease than in those with inactive. In the Moroccan population we demonstrated the presence of high titer of RF in SLE. Results from our study also identified the association between RF and disease activity in SLE patients.

Keywords: Rheumatoid Factor, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Antinuclear antibodies, arthritis, Moroccan population.

[1]. Cui Y, Sheng Y, Zhang X. Genetic susceptibility to SLE: Recent progress from GWAS. J Autoimmun. 2013; 41: 25–33.
[2]. Zoma A. Musculoskeletal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2004; 13(11): 851-3.
[3]. Wright S, Filippucci E, Grassi W, Grey A, Bell A. Hand arthritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: an ultrasound pictorial essay. Lupus. 2006; 15(8): 501-6.
[4]. Aptekar RG, Lawless OJ, Decker JL. Deforming non-erosive arthritis of the hand in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974; 100(5): 120-4
[5]. Molinari JA. Handwashing and hand care: fundamental asepsis requirements. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 1995; 16(9): 834, 6..

Abstract: Introduction: Leprosy is a chronic infection as it still remains a major health hazard. India has a high incidence and prevalence rate of leprosy. Aim: The present study is aimed at evaluating the hypopigmented patches on the skin coming to the dermatology opd in tertiary care centre of Madhya Pradesh. Material &Methods: A total no. of 208 skin biopsies were submitted during this study period 2.5years. Study subject included all skin biopsies submitted from jan 2013 to june 2015 for histopathological examination were taken into consideration.Results: . Chronic nonspecific dermatitis was the most common histology seen in 36% cases followed by Tuberculoid leprosy 28.8%, Borderline leprosy 15.8%, Indeterminate leprosy 12.9%, Erythema nodosum reaction 3.3%, Lepromatous leprosy 2.4% and Histoid Leprosy 0.4%.Conclusion : This study aims at finding the histological pattern of hypopigmented patches in the skin sent for histological diagnosis.

[1]. Incidence of Leprosy in a Tertiary Care Centre of Surguja District, Chhattisgarh Deepak Chaudhary1, Mahasweta Mallik2 l of Contemporary Medical Research Volume 4 | Issue 2 | February 2017 | ICV (2015): 77.83 | ISSN (Online): 2393-915X; (Print): 2454-7379
[2]. Rao PN. Recent advances in the control programs and therapy of leprosy. Indian J DermatolVenereolLeprol. 2004;70:269-76.
[3]. Leprosy Scenario at a Tertiary Level Hospital in Delhi: A 5-year Retrospective Study NamrataChhabra, Chander Grover, ArchanaSingal Indian J Dermatol. 2015 Jan-Feb; 60(1): 55–59.
[4]. A 5 year study of leprosy patients in a tertiary care centreRashmi Mahajan1, Kishan Ninama2,*, Varun Jain3 IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, July-September, 2018;4(3):232-236.
[5]. 6. Jindal A, Shanker, Tegtha GR, Gupta M. Clinicoepidemiological trends of leprosy in Himachal Pradesh: a five year study. Ind J Lepr. 2009,81:173-179.

Abstract: Introduction: Admission of obstetric patients occur approximately at 0.1-0.9% of the deliveries. Overall maternal death rate in the ICU varies from 3.4-21%.Inadequate knowledge about the illness and infrequent admission of the obstetric patients results in high mortality and morbidity. WHO states that, "there is a story behind every maternal death or life-threatening complication". So a better knowledge of the spectrum, characteristics, and outcomes of the disease involving this group of patients is the first step towards achieving prevention and hence, reduction of both maternal morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: Critical care is an umbrella term which includes the care given to critically ill patient requiring high dependency care or intensive care. Competent.........

Key Words: ICU, HDU, critical care.

[1]. Gilbert TT, Smulian JC, Martin AA, Ananth CV, Scorza W, Scardella AT, et al. Obstetric admissions to the intensive care unit: Outcomes and severity of illness. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102:897–903.
[2]. Mahutte NG, Murphy-Kaulbeck L, Le Q, Solomon J, Benjamin A, Boyd ME. Obstetric admissions to the intensive care unit. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;94:263–6.
[3]. Platteau P, Engelhardt T, Moodley J, Muckart DJ. Obstetric and gynaecological patients in an intensive care unit: A 1 year review. Trop Doct. 1997;27:202–6.
[4]. Making pregnancy safer. WHO Regional Office for Europe. [Last accessed on 2008 Sep]. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/pregnancy.
[5]. Leung NY, Lau AC, Chan KK, Yan WW. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of obstetric patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A 10-years retrospective review. Hong Kong Med J. 2010;16:18–25. 2009,81:173-179.