iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Objectives: Meconium stained liquer is commonly associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective of this study is to assess the effects of amnioinfusion in labour with meconium stained amniotic fluid. Materials and methods: This is prospective Case-Control study. The study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of NRS Medical College and Chittaranjan Seva Sadan, Kolkata. Labouring term and post term pregnant mothers with singleton vertex presentation with ruptured membrane associated with meconium stained liquor were included in this study. Usually two to three bottles of normal saline was infused through the catheter. Progress of labour was monitored by Partograph. Apgar Score at 1 minutes and 5 minutes were recorded. Results and Analysis.............

Keywords: Amnioinfusion, intrauterine, meconium stained liquor

[1]. Miysazaki FS, Tayor NA. Saline amnioinfusion for relief of variable and prolonged decelerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1983; 146: 670-7.
[2]. Miysazaki FS, Nvarez F. Saline amnioinfusion for relief of repetitive variable decelerations: A prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153: 301-6.

[3]. Asmita M Rathore, Ruchira Singh, S Ranji, Reva Tripathi: Randomised trial amnioinfusion during labour with meconium stained amniotic fluid. BJOG: January 2002;109 : 17-20.
[4]. Cialone PR, Sherer DM, Ryan RM, Sinkin RA, Abramowicz TS. Amnioinfusion during labour complicated by particulate meconium stained fluid decreases neonatal morbidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 842-9.
[5]. Macri CJ, Schimmer DB, Leung A, Greenspoon JS, Paul RH. Amnioinfusion improves outcome in labour complicated by meconium and oligohydramnios. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164: 252.

Abstract: Background: - Lower urinary tract dysfunctions secondary to type 2 diabetes are common, chronic and costly disorders. They impose an important threat to the lower urinary tract morbidity and economic burdens for our future generations. Material and methods:- This was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Urology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care center in Imphal, Manipur,during the period November 2015 to October 2017 after taking ethical committee approval. Forty Diabetic patients who were presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled in our study and underwent Urodynamic assessment.........

Key words: Compliance, Diabetic Cystopathy, Detrusor Overactivity ,Urodynamics

[1]. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995–2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998;21(9):1414–31.
[2]. Yoon KH, Lee JH, Kim JW. Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia. Lancet 2006;368(9548):1681-8.

[3]. Starer P, Libow L. Cystometric evaluation of bladder dysfunction in elderly diabetic patients. Arch Intern Med 1990;150(4):810-3.

[4]. Yamaguchi C, Sakakibara R, Uchiyama T, Yamamoto T, Ito T, Liu Z, et al. Overactive bladder in diabetes: a peripheral or central mechanism? Neurourol Urodyn 2007;26(6):807-13.

[5]. Lee WC, Wu HP, Tai TY, Yu HJ, Chiang PH. Investigation of urodynamic characteristics and bladder sensory function in the early stages of diabetic bladder dysfunction in women with type 2 diabetes. J Urol 2009;181(1):198-203.

Abstract: Risk factors for ectopic pregnancy include: pelvic inflammatory disease, often due to chlamydia infection, tobacco smoking, prior tubal surgery, a history of infertility, and the use of assisted reproductive technology. We have to find out whether there is association of ectopic pregnancy with other etiological factors and risk factorsin a peripheral medical college of West Bengal. 100 women admitted with ectopic pregnancy in the Department of Obstetrics And Gynaecology within the study period between April 2016-November 2018 at Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal........

[1]. Crochet JR, Bastian LA, Chireau MV (2013). "Does this woman have an ectopic pregnancy?: the rational clinical examination systematic review". JAMA. 309 (16): 1722–9.
[2]. Cecchino, GN; AraujoJúnior, E; ElitoJúnior, J (September 2014). "Methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy: when and how".Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 290 (3): 417–23.
[3]. Mignini L (26 September 2007). "Interventions for tubal ectopic pregnancy".who.int. The WHO Reproductive Health Library. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.Retrieved 12 March 2015.
[4]. Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T (2014). "Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location".Human Reproduction Update. 20 (2): 250–61.
[5]. Zhang, J; Li, F; Sheng, Q (2008). "Full-term abdominal pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature". Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. 65 (2): 139–41...

Abstract: Otitis Media (Latin word for "inflammation of the middle ear") is the medical term for middle ear infection. Otitis media is a common illness among children. This is characterized by inflammation of the middle ear involving other areas of the temporal bone contiguous to the middle ear, including the mastoid, perilabyrinth air cells, and the petrous apex. Otitis media is one of the commonest reasons for visit to a pediatrician. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and outcome of otitis media among children attending Usmanu Danfodiyo University teaching hospital, Sokoto. METHODS: Case notes of patients with otitis media were obtained from the records department of the hospital and data was analyzed using SPSS........ .

[1]. Margaret A Kenna; Diagnosis and management of Otitis Media with Effusion pp 229 - 245 R. T Cotton, C M Myers, 111's, Practical Pediatric Otolaryngology 1999
[2]. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/994656
[3]. Bmjbestpractice.com/otitis media
[4]. Dagan, Ron MD; Leibovitz, Eugene MD; Greenberg, David MD; Yagupsky, Pablo MD; Fliss, Dan M. MD; Leiberman, Alberto MD; Early eradication of pathogens from middle ear fluid during antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media is associated with improved clinical outcome. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: September 1998 - Volume 17 - Issue 9 - pp 776-782
[5]. Michael R. Jacobs, Ron Dagan, Peter C. Appelbaum, and Daniel J. Burch ;Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Middle Ear Fluid: Multinational Study of 917 Children with Acute Otitis Media.

Abstract: We report a case of dental therapy performed on a patient with well-managed sarcoidosis. Generally considered a chronic inflammatory disease involving multiple organs, sarcoidosis causes cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD). CAD is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality, and it should be properly managed during dental therapy. A heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is useful for detecting CAD. We analyzed the HRV of a CAD patient undergoing dental treatment. The patient was a 74-year-old Japanese woman. She was diagnosed with periodontitis, and her dental procedure was performed safely. The HRV analysis revealed the patient's latent sympathetic hyperactivity and proved valuable for her dental management.

Key Words: Sarcoidosis, Cardiac autonomic dysfunction, Dental therapy, Heart rate variability

[1]. Baughman RP, Lower EE, du Bois RM. Sarcoidosis. Lancet 361: 1111-1118, 2003.
[2]. Hoitsma E, Faber CG, van Kroonenburgh MJPG, et al. Association of small fiber neuropathy with cardiac sympathetic dysfunction in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 22: 43-50, 2005.
[3]. Krone A, Reuther P, Fuhrmeister U. Autonomic dysfunction in polyneuropathies: A report on 106 cases. J Neurol 230: 111-121, 1983.
[4]. O'Brien GM, Baughman RP, Broderick JP, et al. Paranoid psychosis due to neurosarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 11: 34-36, 1994.
[5]. Johansen TL, Kambskar G, Mehlsen J. Heart rate variability in evaluation of the autonomic nervous system. Ugeskr Laeger 159: 6666-6671, 1997...

Abstract: THE METABOLIC SYNDROME (MetS): The metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance syndrome, syndrome X) consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities (central obesity, low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension) that confer an increased risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM)1. These risk factors, when present together, increase the risk of cardiovascular disease substantially, because their combined effects are multiplicative rather than additive 1. It is estimated that people with metabolic syndrome has double the risk of mortality and three times likelihood of developing heart attack or stroke....... .

Keywords: morbidity profile, district hospital, prematurity

[1]. Eckel RH. The Metabolic Syndrome. In: Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J editors. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19thedition. New York: Mc Graw-Hill; 2012. p. 1992-1998.
[2]. Ninomiya JK, L'Italien G, Criqui MH, Whyte JL, Gamst A, Chen RS. Association of the Metabolic Syndrome With History of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Circulation. 2004; 109:42-46.
[3]. Levantesi G, Macchia A, Marfici RM, Franzosi MG, Maggioni AP, Nicolosi GL et al. Metabolic syndrome and risk of cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. JACC. 2005; 46 (2): 277-283.

[4]. Zeller M, Steg PG, Ravisy J, Laurent Y, Janin- Manificat L, L'Hullier I et al. Prevalence and impact of metabolic syndrome on hospital outcomes in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Inten Med. 2005;165:1192-8.
[5]. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Szarek M, Sasiela WJ. Relation of Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome to Short-Term Prognosis and Effects of Intensive Statin Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2005 ; 28:2508–2513..

Abstract: Background: Pre eclampsia and eclampsia is one of the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Eclampsia though still remains an obstetric enigma and is a major problem in developing countries. Predicting the onset of these complications could aid in timely intervention such as increased surveillance, treatment of symptoms, transfer to higher care facility and delivery when necessary which could reduce morbidity and mortality from the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. AIM: The aim of this study is to calculate the total number of women admitted with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and eclampsia in the labour room and their..........

[1]. Cummingham F. Gray et al ."Williams Obstetric " 24th edition, chapter 24, Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. McGraw Hill Medical Publishing Division, 2014; 706-749.
[2]. Multi M, Tshimanga M, Notion GT, Bangure D and Chonzi P. Prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy outcomes among women seeking maternity services in Harare, Zimbabwe. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2015; 15:111.
[3]. Misra R, Donald's I. Practical Obstetrics Problems; 6th edition; Oracle BI publisher 2006; 14: 300-301.
[4]. Chua S, Arulkumaran S. Eclampsia- No room for complacency. Singapore Med J, 1995; 36:470-471.
[5]. Manjusha Sajith, et al. Incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension and prescription pattern of antihypertensive drugs in pregnancy. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 2014;5(4): 163-170..

Abstract: BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, images, and sensations and engage in behaviors or mental acts in response to these obsessions. A person's level of OCD can be anywhere from mild to severe, but if left untreated, it can limit his or her ability to function at work or school or even to lead a comfortable existence at home or around others. AIM The paper presents the case of a patient whose atypical clinical symptoms have raised more problems of differential diagnosis, the pursuit in the dynamics of evolution being decisive in the elucidation of the psychiatric diagnosis.

Key word – psychosis-like symptom; obsessions; psychodinamics; Adlerian psychotherapy

[1]. Hamilton, M., 1960. A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 23, 56-62 doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56PMID 14399272
[2]. Hamilton, M., 1959 - The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br. J. Med. Psychol., 32, 50–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x

[3]. Goodman, W.K, Price, L.H., Rasmussen, S.A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R.L., Hill, C.L., Heninger, G.R., Charney, D.S., 1989. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. I. Development, use, and reliability. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 46(11),1006-11. PMID:2684084 [4]. Lochner C, Seedat S, Hemmings SM, Kinnear CJ, Corfield VA, Niehaus DJ, Moolman-Smook JC, Stein DJ. Dissociative experiences in obsessive-compulsive disorder and trichotillomania: clinical and genetic findings. Compr Psychiatry. 2004 Sep-Oct;45(5):384-91. DOI:10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.03.010

[5]. Paradisis, S.-M., Aardema, F. and Wu, K. D. (2015), Schizotypal, Dissociative, and Imaginative Processes in a Clinical OCD Sample. J. Clin. Psychol., 71: 606–624. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22173.

Abstract: Introduction: Acute Pyogenic Meningitis is the most common cause of suppurative infection in the central nervous system. The prognosis of pyogenic meningitis is critically dependant on a rapid and causal implementation of immediate treatment. However, clinical and biochemical parameters are not reliable enough except when bacteria are found in the CSF under a microscope. Therefore, the treatment of acute pyogenic meningitis is most of the time presumptive. Use of biological markers, especially lymphokines and acute phase reactants has been proposed to facilitate the initial diagnosis. Today C-reactive protein is one of the most widely used inflammatory markers in the emergency department to distinguish bacterial from non-bacterial infections........ .

[1]. Karen L.Roos, Kenneth L. Tyler, Meningitis, Encephalitis, Brain abscess, and empyema, Lango and Fauci's Harrison's principles of internal medicine, 18thedition, chapter 381, 3410- 3434.
[2]. Allan H. Ropper, Martin A. Samuels, Adams & Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9th Edition. Diederik van de Beek, Infections of the central nervous system, DavidA.Warell, Timothy M. Cox‗s oxford textbook of medicine, 5th edition sec.24.114976-5012.
[3]. Fatima Khan, Meher Rizvi et al, Bacterial meningitis in North India: Trends over a period of eight years, Neurology Asia 2011; 16(1): 47 – 56.
[4]. Lapeyssonie L., Cerebrospinal meningitis in Africa, Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1963; 28:3–114.Wilder-Smith A (October 2007), ―Meningococcal vaccine in Travellers‖, Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 20(5):454-60.
[5]. Peter R. Donald, M.D., and Johan F. Schoeman, M.D. N Engl J Med 2004; 51:1719-1720, Morton N. Swartz, M.D. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:1826- Marlene L. Durand, Stephen B. Calderwood, David J. Weber, Samuel I.Miller, Frederick S. Southwick, Verne S. Caviness, Jr., and Morton N. Swartz . Engl J Med 1993; 328:21-28 9. Baird DR, Whittle HC, Greenwood BM. Mortality from pneumococcal meningitis, Lancet 1976; 2: 1344-6.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION - Aim is to study the effect of obesity on spirometry tests among healthy young adults. METHODS - A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among healthy adults. Subjects were divided into two groups depending upon their BMI. N = 45, Group 1 subjects with BMI 18 - 22.9 Kg/m2 were selected as control and N = 30, Group 2 obese subjects were selected with BMI > 25 Kg/m2. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at the end of one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were measured using a computerized spirometer. RESULT -PEF values in obese Group 2 were decreased significantly as compared to Group 1 (p value= 0.0005 ) and was found to be significant. FEV1 (p value = 0.69), FVC (p value =0.59 ), FEV1/ FVC ratio (p value =0.25 ) were not significant between the Group 1 and Group 2 subjects. CONCLUSION - Obesity decreases PEFR among healthy male adults.

Keywords: FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity, PEF, Peak expiratory Flow rate

[1]. World Health Organization. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Geneva: WHO; 2004.
[2]. World Health Organization (WHO). Obesity and overweight. Geneva:WHO; 2003.
[3]. Harik-Khan Raida I, Wise Robert A, Fleg Jerome L. The effect of gender on the relationship between body fat distribution and lung function. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54(4):399–406.
[4]. Afaf A, Shaheena, Salwa B, El-Sobekyb Amal H. Anthropometric measurement and ventilatory function in obese and non-obese female college students. Middle-East J Sci Res 2011;7(5): 634–42.
[5]. Faintuch J, Souza SAF, Valexi AC, Sant'ana AF, Gama-Rodrigues JJ. Pulmonary function and aerobic capacity in asymptomatic bariatric candidates with very severe morbid obesity. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med S Paulo. 2004;59:181–186..

Abstract: Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common indication f renal biopsy all over the world. There are very few studies on histopathological spectrum of adult onset nephrotic syndrome in Eastern India. In this present study, we have found increase in incidence of minimal change disease (MCD) in younger adults in Eastern India. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to find out the histopathological spectrum of adult onset nephrotic syndrome in our institute which is the largest tertiary care referral center in Eastern India. Materials and method: After..... .

[1]. N, John GT, Korula A, Visalakshi J, Talaulikar GS, Thomas PP, et al. Spectrum of biopsy proven renal disease and changing trends at a tropical tertiary care centre 1990-2001. Indian J Nephrol 2003; 13:29-35.

[2]. Haas M, Meehan SM, Karrison TG, Spargo BH. Changing etiologies of unexplained adult nephrotic syndrome: a comparison of renal biopsy findings from 1976-1979 and 1995-1997. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997; 30(5):621-31.

[3]. Chu F, Chen G, Liu Y. Pathological patterns of primary nephrotic syndrome in Central China: a retrospective study of 627 cases. Ren Fail. 2014; 36(4):514-9.doi: 10.3109/0886022X.2014.882736.
[4]. Rathi M, Bhagat RL, Mukhopadhyay P, Kohli HS, Jha V, Gupta KL, et al. changing histologic spectrum of adult nephrotic syndrome over five decades in north India: A single center experience. Indian J Nephrol. 2014; 24(2):86-91. doi: 10.4103/0971-4065.127892.
[5]. BalakrishnanGolay V, Trivedi M, Kurien AA, Sarkar D, Roychowdhury A, Pandey R. Spectrum of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults: Clinicopathological Study from a single Center in India. Renal Failure 2013; 35(4): 487–49..

Abstract: Microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) tumours are known to have better prognosis than microsatellite stable (MSS) tumours and diagnostic characterization of these tumours reveal differences in clinical, pathological and molecular characteristics.Since diverse populations have variable results for MSI tumours due to varied environmental factors that influencedifferent outcomes, and considering the current success in the exploration of immunotherapy in breast cancer, this study aims to evaluate the microsatellite phenotypes of breast cancer patients in Senegal to better understand the pattern of tumour progression and design therapies for a better treatment outcome. Sixty-five breast tumours were genotyped for microsatellite instability of BAT-26 and NR-24 markers.The result...........

[1]. Akiyama OY, Sato H, Yamada T, Nagasaki H, Tsuchiya A, Abe R, Yuasa Y. 1997. Germ-line mutation of the hMSH6/GTBP gene in an atypical hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer kindred. Cancer Research 57:3920–3923

[2]. Anbazhagan R, Fujii H, Gabrielson E. 1999. Microsatellite instability is uncommon in breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res 5: 839-844

[3]. Antonarakis, S.E. and the Nomenclature Working Group. 1998. Recommendations for a nomenclature system for human gene mutations.Hum. Mut. 11: 1-3

[4]. Bacher J, Flanagan L, Smalley R, et al. 2004. Development of a fluorescent multiplex assay for detection of MSI-High tumors. Disease Markers. 20:237-50.

[5]. Belt EJ, te Velde EA, Krijgsman O, et al. 2012. High lymph node yield is related to microsatellite instability in colon cancer. Annals of Surgical Oncology. 19:1222–1230..

Abstract: Background and study aims: T helper cells and the various cytokines secreted by them play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn's disease (CD). We aimto study the levels of five cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-ϒ & TGF-β1 ) in serum of patients with CD & ITB which indirectly reflects the levels of CD4+ T cells. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional study done in a tertiary care hospital for 2 years. Patients with features of CD or ITB were included, with 12 cases of CD&13 cases of ITBand 20 controls. Colonoscopic biopsies were taken from the ulcerated and normal mucosa along with the patient's peripheral blood. The tissues were processed for........ .

[1]. Tuberculosis Fact sheet. World Health Organization. 2017.
[2]. Moldoveanu AC, Diculescu M, Braticevici CF. Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Rom J Intern Med. 2015; 53:118-27.
[3]. World Health Organization. ( 2017) . Global tuberculosis report 2017, 22nd ed. World Health Organization.
[4]. Van Assche G, Dignass A, Panes J et al. The Second European evidence-based concensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: definition and diagnosis. Crohn's Colitis 2010; 4: 7-27.
[5]. Sanchez-Munoz F, Dominguez-Lopez A, Yamamoto-Furusho JK. Role of cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. World journal of gastroenterology 2008; 14: 4280-8..

Abstract: The term 'Urethral stricture' is specifically used for narrowing or obliteration of lumen of anterior urethra due to scarring of urothelium and or corpus spongiosum [1]. Posterior urethral stricture is not included in the definition of 'urethral stricture'. It is actually a distraction defect caused by avulsion secondary to pelvic fracture or radical prostatectomy and is called 'Distraction Defect' [1]
Urethral stricture disease occurs mainly in men and is a common and challenging urologic condition at any age
[2]. Clinically, patients suffer from voiding and storage symptoms that greatly affect quality of life . Incidence and epidemiology differ worldwide based on geography, population, and mean country income. Both the principal causes and treatments.........

[1]. McCammon KA, Zuckerman JM, Jordan GH. Surgery of the penis and urethra. Alan J. Wein, Louis R. Kavoussi, Alan W. Partin, Craig A. Peters. Campbell-Walsh urology. Elsevier. 2016.
[2]. TritschlerS, Roosen A, Fullhase C, Stief CG, Rubben H. Urethral stricture: etiology, investigation and treatments. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2013;110:220–6.
[3]. Santucci RA. Should We centralize referrals for repair of urethral stricture? J Urol 2009;182:1259–60.
[4]. ltahawy EA, Virasoro R, Schlossberg SM, McCammon KA, Jordan GH. Long-term followup for excision and primary anastomosis for anterior urethral strictures. J Urol. 2007:177(5):1803-06.
[5]. E Palminteri, M Lazzeri, G Guazzoni, D Turini, G Barbagli. New 2-stage buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty. J Urol. 167. 2002. 130- 132..