iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Background: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease associated with postmenopausal or senile states and represents the most common metabolic bone disorder. It generally begins around the fifth decade and characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration leading to increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Assessment of jawbone quality and mandibular cortical erosion, by dental panoramic radiograph, is expected to be very useful for early detection of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.The aim of this study was to assess the mandibular cortex in postmenopausal women by panoramic radiograph Materials and Methods: In the current study, 30....

Key Word:Osteoporosis, Panoramic radiography, Postmenopausal women

[1]. FusunYasar et al. Evaluating Mandibular Cortical Index Quantitatively. Eur J Dent. 2008 October; 2: 283-290.
[2]. Rizzoli R, Bruyere O, Cannata-Andia JB, Devogelaer JP, Lyritis G, Ringe JD, Vellas B, Reginster JY. Management of osteoporosis in the elderly. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009; 25:2373–2387.
[3]. Karasik D. Osteoporosis: an evolutionary perspective. Hum Genet. 2008; 124:349–356.
[4]. Cummings SR, Melton LJ. Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. Lancet 2002; 359:1761–7.
[5]. Karayianni K, Horner K, Mitsea A, Berkas L, Mastoris M, Jacobs R, Lindh C, van der Stelt PF, Harrison E, Adams JE, Pavitt S, Devlin H. Accuracy in osteoporosis diagnosis of a combination of mandibular cortical width measurement on dental panoramic radiographs and a clinical risk index (OSIRIS): the OSTEODENT project. Bone. 2007;40:223–229.

Abstract: Background: Seizure is one of the common causes of childhood hospitalization with significant mortality and morbidity. There is limited data regarding acute seizures episodes form the developing countries. Objective: Current study aims to find the etiology of seizures in a tertiary care hospital of Jharkhand in the age group 6 month to 5 years. Materials and method: 200 consecutive cases admitted to the hospital with convulsions in this particular age group were studied by detailed history, thorough examination and stepwise investigations including blood counts, CSF analysis, EEG and neuroimaging studies......

Keywords: seizures, Etiology, Clinical examination, Investigations

[1]. Friedman MJ, Sharieff GQ: Seizures in children. PediatClin North Am 2006, 53:257-277.
[2]. Martindale JL, Goldstein JN, Pallin DJ: Emergency department seizure epidemiology.
[3]. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2011 Feb, 29(1):15-27.
[4]. Hauser WA: The prevalence and incidence of convulsive disorders in children.
[5]. Epilepsia 1994, 35(suppl 2):S1-S6.

Abstract: Background: Trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Paediatric trauma is on the increase due to violence, negligence and road traffic accidents. Objective: to determine the aetiologic spectrum, treatment and outcome of paediatric trauma in the Jos University Teaching Hospital, a major referral Centre in North Central Nigeria. Methods: A one-year prospective analysis of data from our trauma registry. Results: There were 168 paediatric trauma patients with ages ranging from 4monthsto 17years (Mean = 8.5 years). There were 103 (61.3%) males and 65 (38.75%).......

Key words: Trauma Registry, Paediatric, epidemiology

[1]. Krug EG, Sharma GK, Lozano R. The global burden of injuries. American journal of public health. 2000;90(4):523.
[2]. UNICEF. The impact of conflict on women and girls in west and central Africa and the UNICEF response: UNICEF; 2005.
[3]. Hulme P. Mechanisms of paediatric trauma at a rural hospital in Uganda. Rural Remote Health. 2010;10(1):1376.
[4]. Holland A. Paediatric trauma. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2005;41(12):623-4.
[5]. Murray CJ, Lopez AD, Organization WH. The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020: summary. 1996..

Abstract: Background: Species of Enterobactericeae elaborate extended spectrum β-lactamases(ESBL), which areenzymes that confer resistance to third generation cephalosporins and aztreonam but inhibited by β-lactamase inhibitors, like clavulanic acid. Studies have reported association betweenESBL- productionand multidrug resistance to other classes of antibiotics like aminoglycosides and ampicillins.This development is disturbing, given that cefotaxime– gentamicinor ampicillin-gentamicin combinations are readily the empirical regimens for suspected neonatal sepsis. Treatment of ESBL- infections, posed serious therapeutic challenges, resulting in increasing treatment failures.....

Key words: MaternalVagina, Pregnancy, ESBL, Hospital, Nigeria

[1]. Cordero L, Rau R, Taylor D, Ayers L. Enteric Gram-negative bacilli blood stream infections: 17 years' experience in a neonatal intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control. 2004;32(4):189–95.
[2]. Vergnano S, Sharland M, Kazembe P, Mwansambo C, Heath P. Neonatal sepsis: an international perspective. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005;90:F220–224.
[3]. Plazek M, Whitelaw A. Early and Late Neonatal Septicaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1983;58:728–31.
[4]. Olowe A, Aboderin B. Detection of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing strain of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. In a tertiary health center in Ogun state. Int J Trop Med. 2010;5(3):62–4.
[5]. Viswanathan R, Sigh K, Basu S, Chatterjee S, Sardar S, Isaacs D. Multi-drug resistant Gram negative bacilli causing early neonatal sepsis in India. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2012;97:F182–7.

Abstract: Several types of anomalous bands in various chambers of hearthave been reported and some are clinically significant. [1-5]Here we report a 3 years female child having a murmur and ECHORevealing
presence of moderate sized ostiumsecundum atrialseptal defect (ASD) with rare anomalous right pulmonary artery(RPA) orifice. She underwent surgical resection of membrane andASD closure..

[1]. Philip S Mathew G, Agrawal S , Cherian KM. Anomalous muscle bundle in the right atrium; Implication to transatrial closure. Hum Pathol 2017; 9 : 24-6.
[2]. Philip S Cherian KM, Wu MH, Lue HC. Left ventricular false tendons: ECHO, morphologic and histopathologicstudies and review of the literature. PediatrNeonatol2011 ; 52 : 279-86.
[3]. Baran T, Kucukoglu MS, Okcum B, Cetin G et al. A rare cause of mitral insufficiency: Left atrial anomalous band.Echocardiography2003 ; 20 : 83-5.
[4]. Yamashita T, Ohkawa S, Imai T et al. Prevalance and clinical significance of anomalous muscular band in the leftatrium. Am J CardiovasPathol1993 ; 4 : 286-93.
[5]. Keren A, Billingham ME, Popp RL. Ventricular aberrant bands and hypertrophic trabeculation. A clinical pathologicalcorrelation. Am J CardiovasPathol1988 ; 1 : 369 – 78.

Abstract: Background: Dementia is a syndrome due to disease of the brain, usually of chronic origin and progressive nature along with disturbances of multiple higher cortical functions in clear consciousness. These include memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, learning capacity, language and judgment. Alzheimer's disease typically begins with memory loss accompanied by later aphasia or other impairment in cognition and behavioral abnormality, in contrast, dementias that that begin in frontal or sub cortical regions are less likely to begin with memory problems and more likely to have impairment in executive function or behavioral abnormalities. Prevalence of behavioral abnormality in Alzheimer's disease may increase from mild to severe forms, but some studies suggest a non-linear.....

Key Word: Alzheimer's dementia, behavioral abnormality, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia(BPSD)

[1]. Clarfield A. The Reversible Dementias: Do They Reverse?. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1988;109(6):476.
[2]. Clarfield A. The Decreasing Prevalence of Reversible Dementias. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003;163(18):2219.
[3]. Djukic M, Wedekind D, Franz A, Gremke M, Nau R. Frequency of dementia syndromes with a potentially treatable cause in geriatric in-patients: analysis of a 1-year interval. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2015;265(5):429-438.
[4]. Prince M. S3-01-01: Prevention report from Alzheimer's disease international (ADI). Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2015;11(7S_Part_4):P210-P210.
[5]. Wu Y, Ali G, Guerchet M, Prina A, Chan K, Prince M et al. Prevalence of dementia in mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2018;47(3):709-719

Abstract: Background :Electroconvulsive therapy is considered to be highly efficacious in BPAD in terms of remission or marked clinical improvement has been reported to be about 80% (Mukherjee et al., 1995). There are controversies regarding the mechanism of action, and exact mechanism is not proved beyond doubt. One hypothetical mechanism to explain the effectiveness of ECT is that ECT is an acute stress reaction. It invokes changes in the activity of the different hormone levels in the body. This in turn alters the metabolism of substrates in the body. This hormonal changes affects biochemical parameters, including blood sugar & lipid profile in human body.......

Key Word: Modified ECT, Blood sugar, Lipid profile

[1]. Angst, J., Gamma, A., Sellaro, R., Lavori, P., & Zhang, H. (2003). Recurrence of bipolar disorders and major depression. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 253(5), 236-240.
[2]. Atmaca, M., Kuloglu, M., Tezcan, E., Ustundag, B., & Bayik, Y. (2003). Serum leptin and cholesterol levels in patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychobiology, 46(4), 176-179.
[3]. Cassidy, F., & Carroll, B. J. (2002). Hypocholesterolemia during mixed manic episodes. European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 252(3), 110-114.
[4]. Fagiolini, A., Frank, E., Scott, J. A., Turkin, S., & Kupfer, D. J. (2005). Metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder: findings from the Bipolar Disorder Center for Pennsylvanians. Bipolar disorders, 7(5), 424-430.
[5]. Fiedorowicz, J. G., Leon, A. C., Keller, M. B., Solomon, D. A., Rice, J. P., & Coryell, W. H. (2009). Do risk factors for suicidal behavior differ by affective disorder polarity?. Psychological medicine, 39(05), 763-771

Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus results in considerable morbidity and mortality, affecting about 180 million people worldwide.[1] Diabetes is a multisystem disease, having many manifestations in the eye, of which cataracts and Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) are the most significant cause of visual impairment and blindness, and people with diabetes are 25 times more likely than the general population to become blind.[11]In developed countries, diabetic eye disease represents the leading cause of blindness in adults under 75 years.[12] The current study is undertaken to determine the association of serum lipid profile with diabetic retinopathy and its severity. MaterialsandMethods:This was aHospital based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology and Diabetes.....

Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetes mellitus, Hard exudates, Lipid profile.

[1]. Chew EY, Klein ML,Ferris FL 3rd, Remaley NA, Murphy RP, Chantry K et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) Report 22.ArchOphthalmol1996;114:1079-84.
[2]. Sinav S, Onelge MA, Onelge S, Sinav B. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in retinopathy of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Annals of Ophthalmology 1993;25:64-6.
[3]. Miljanovic B, Glynn RJ, David M.N, JoAnn E. M, Debra A. S. A Prospective Study of Serum Lipids and Risk of Diabetic Macular Edema in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2003; 53: 2883 –902.
[4]. Gupta S, AmbadeA. Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Influencing Factors amongst type 2 Diabetics from Central India. International Journal of Diabetesin Developing Countries2004;24:75-8.
[5]. Muawyah D, MahaI Al-Till, Khawla M A. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy among Jordanian diabetics. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 2008;15:77-80.

Abstract: A 49 year old male came to opd with h/o exposure to intense flash fire while working under high tension line one week earlier . without any entry wound a thick eschar of charred skin was seen in the region of penis and adjacent scrotum tip. Urethral meatus was barely visible and penile shaft and glans were not visible . Thorough debridement of the burn wound revealed buried shaft of the penis and glans though there was full thickness loss of skin. remaining scrotal skin was mobilized and sutured to cover the scrotal contents. penile shaft was split skin grafted and there was partial loss of glans. patient was managed with sterile dressings with betadine and NS. With antibiotic coverage and supportive therapy there was satisfactory graft uptake . patient was discharged after 2 weeks.....

[1]. McCammon, Kurt A, and Jack M Zuckerman. "Surgery of the Penis and Urethra." Campbell-Walsh Urology , 11th ed., ELSEVIER, 2016, p. 907.
[2]. McCammon, Kurt A, and Jack M Zuckerman. "Surgery of the Penis and Urethra." Campbell-Walsh Urology , 11th ed., ELSEVIER, 2016, p. 916.

Abstract: Male involvement in maternal care has been recognized to have an impact on pregnancy and infant outcomes. Enhancement of male involvement is necessary in Manipur to improve women's health, reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Thus, this study was conducted to determine prevalence of male participation in ANC and the factors associated with it. A cross sectional study was conducted in the post-natal ward of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, RIMS, Imphal from 2nd to 27th September, 2019. A total of 200 women admitted in the post-natal ward were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Participants were selected by convenience sampling.....

Key words: Male participation, ANC, post-natal ward

[1]. BabalolaS,FatusiA.Determinantsofuseofmaternalhealthservicesin Nigeria–lookingbeyondindividualandhouseholdfactors. BMC Pregnancy & Childbirth. 2009;9(1):43-56.
[2]. Ongeso A, Okoth B. Factors influencing male involvement in antenatal care among clients attending antenatal clinic: Acase of Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya. International Journal of Advanced Research. 2018;6(5):72-82.
[3]. Odimegwu C, Adewuyi A, Odebiyi T, Aina B, Adesina Y, Olatubara Oet al. Men's role in emergency obstetric care in Osun State of Nigeria. Afr J of ReprodHealth. 2005;1:59-71.
[4]. Bhatta DN. Involvement of males in antenatal care, birth preparedness, exclusive breast feeding and immunizations for children in Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2013;13(1):14-21.
[5]. Joshua PC, Robert KO, Derek AT. Male involvement in maternal health care at Anomabo, Central Region, Ghana. Int J Reproductive Medicine. 2017;17(2):1-8.