iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Background: Procalcitonin , C Reactive protein and blood culture methods are used as diagnostic marker of sepsis. Objective: To evaluate diagnostic markers of infection in patients admitted with features of sepsis, comparing role of procalcitonin and CRP with WBC counts in all clinically suspected cases of sepsis. Methods: We conducted retrospective study of 50 patients admitted with clinical features of sepsis, evaluated diagnostic role of Procalcitonin and CRP in 50 clinically suspected cases of sepsis and correlated them with WBC counts by dividing the patients on the basis of WBC counts into three catagories-low, normal and high. Result: The study comprised of 50 patients , out of these cases only 5 were culture positive. All 50 cases were catagorised into 3 groups on the basis of WBC counts, less than 4000/cumm : 3cases(6%), 4000-10000/cumm: 15 cases(30%) and cases number....

Key words:- CRP,PCT, Sepsis Abbreviations: CRP:- C Reactive protein ,PCT:- Procalcitonin, SIRS:-Systemic inflammatory response

[1]. Muller B, Becker KL, Schachinger H, Rickenbacher PR, Huber PR et al(2000)calcitonin precursors are reliable markers of sepsis in a medical intensive care unit. Crit care med 28(4):977-983
[2]. Feldmann H, Geistbert TW.Ebola,hemorrhagic fever.Lancet.2011;377(97768):849-62
[3]. CalrkIA, Alleva LM,Mills AC, Cowden WB.pathogen of malaria and clinically similar conditions.ChinMicrobiaRev.2004;17(3):509-39.
[4]. Paessler S, Walker DH. Pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fever.Annu Rev Pathol2013;8:411-40.
[5]. Willey J, Sherwood L,Christopher JW, Prescott microbial,international edition 8th ed;2011.p.97.
[6]. RimmeleT, Leli C,Payen D, Cantaluppi V, Marshall J, Gomez H, Gomez A, Murray P, Khellum JA.immune cell phenotype and function in sepsis,shock 2016;45(3):282-91.

Abstract: In pregnant patients urinary tract infections are frequent, which can sometimes complicate the course of it. Multiple treatments have been used as prophylaxis to prevent such pathologies without finding benefits for the fetus and the mother. Background:Compare decrease in urinary tract infections in pregnant women who consume plow juice as prophylaxis of those who do not consume it Materials and Methods: longitudinal analytical, prophylaxis will be given topregnant women cranberry juice three times a day, with a total of 100 ml and EGO will be performed in the 6th and 9th months in pregnant women between 20 and 35 years, with prenatal control at the Hospital del Sureste, in the city of Villahermosa, Tabasco . Obtaining with this a control of the number of cases of UTI with or without prophylaxis and prevention of pathology in the last trimester, which is where the risk of complications of preterm birth increases. Results: Find a decrease in urinary tract infections in pregnancies that consume cranberry juice as a prophylaxis compared to those that did not show consumption..

Key Word: Infections, Routes, Urinary, Juice, Cranberry, Pregnant.

[1]. Acosta J, Ramos M, Zamora L. Prevalence of lower urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with threatened preterm birth. Rev. GinecolObstet Mex. 2014; 82: 737-743. two.
[2]. Alexander P. Shaeffer Anthony. Urinary Tract Infection and Bacteriuria in Pregnancy. UrolClin N An. 2015; 42: 544-560 3.
[3]. Arredondo-García JL, Figueroa-Damián R. Current Status of urinary tract infections. Mexico DF. Ferlini, Rosen, Asoc. 2002.
[4]. Arroyave V, Cardona A, Castaño J, Giraldo V, Jaramillo M, Moncada Norma, Aicardo E, Villegas O. Characterization of urinary tract infections in pregnant women treated in a first level care entity. Medicine archives. 2011 (11): 1; 39-50. Four.
[5]. Buonanno A, Damweber B. Review of urinary tract infection. US Pharm 2006; 31: 6: 26-36. two.

Abstract: pulse therapy is the administration of supra therapeutic administration of steroid for a very short period . This form of thrapy has very excellent response with very few side effects . steroid has anti-inflammatory as well as immunosuppressive effects.

Keywords: dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse , steroid

[1]. Bell PR, Briggs JD, Calman KC, Paton AM, Wood RF, macpherson SG, et al. Reversal of acute clinical and experimenta organ rejection using large doses of intravenous prednisolone.Lancet 1971;1:876-80.
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[5]. Mittal R, Sudha R, Murugan S, Adikrishnan, Shobana S, Anandan S. Pulse therapy in dermatology. Sri Ramachandra J Med 2007; 1(2):144‑6.

Abstract: Renal acid–base homeostasis is a complex process, effectuated by bicarbonate reabsorption and acidsecretion. Impairment of urinary acidification is called renal tubular acidosis (RTA), with distal RTA(dRTA) being the commonest of the RTA syndromes.[1]It is characterized by the presence of hypokalemia, normal blood pressure, normal anion-gap metabolic acidosis, and an alkalineurine (inability to acidify urine with pH <5.5). The prevalence and incidence of dRTA is notknown. Primary dRTA can be inherited, but most cases are sporadic. Of the various clinicalsettings that dRTA has been found to be associated with, an association of dRTA withprimary hypothyroidism is a rare instance, and to the best of our knowledge, very few suchcases have been reported till date in the literature.[2,5,16] Thus, on account of its rarity, wereport a case of an adult man with primary hypothyroidism and dRTA......

[1]. Both T et al. Everything you need to know about distal renal tubular acidosis in autoimmune disease. Rheumatol Int. 2014; 34(8): 1037–1045
[2]. Koul PA, Wahid A. Distal renal tubular acidosis and hypokalemic paralysis in a patient with hypothyroidism. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2011;22:1014-6.
[3]. Punekar SA, Korivi D, Pandey D, Pednekar SJ, Deshpande S. Adult onset distal renal tubular acidosis: A disorder of an autoimmune disease. J Assoc Physicians India 2012;60:58-60.
[4]. Basak RC, Sharkawi KM, Rahman MM, Swar MM. Distal renal tubular acidosis, hypokalemic paralysis, nephrocalcinosis, primary hypothyroidism, growth retardation, osteomalacia and osteoporosis leading to pathological fracture: A case report. Oman Med J 2011;26:271-4.
[5]. Bashir L et al. Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis Associated with Non-autoimmune Hypothyroidism. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2012;23(4):846-849

Abstract: Trichobezoars are an uncommon form of bezoars formed from cosumption of hair. They are more common in young females with history of trichotillomania. It can occur in young children which makes the diagnosis difficult. Here we report a case of a 6-year- old girl with a history of abdominal pain, distension, weight loss, and attacks of vomiting. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a trichobezoar occupying almost the whole gastric cavity, which was managed by laparotomy. Gastric Trichobezoar is exceptional in young children and can lead to gastric outlet obstruction. Afterdefinitive surgical or endoscopic treatment, consultation of pediatric psychiatrist should be opted for any mental illness and further recurrence should be prevented

....

Abstract: Dental implants are known to humans for thousand years and have been used time and again for replacement of missing teeth. In modern day scenario, Implants have emerged as an convincing approach towards rehabilitation of mastication, speech and aesthetics in dentistry with thediscovery of Titanium based endosseous implants. The work of Branemark and the concept of osseointegration has bought an evolution in implant dentistry.The successful implant osseointegration depends on peripheral tissues.As placement of implants nowadays is a common practise, there is a need to interchange information regarding the biology of peri implant tissue to ensure a successful implant placement and maintainance.This review briefs the biological width concept, osseointegration and hard & soft tissue interfaces around an implant..

Keywords: Dental Implant; osseointegration; peri-implant tissue;

[1]. Linkow LI, Dorfman JD. Implantology in dentistry. A brief historical perspective. The New York state dental journal. 1991;57(6):31-5.
[2]. Abraham CM. Suppl 1: A brief historical perspective on dental implants, their surface coatings and treatments. The open dentistry journal. 2014;8(1):50-55.
[3]. Davies JE. Mechanisms of endosseous integration. Int J Prosthodont 1998;11(5):391-401.
[4]. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lang NP, Lindhe J. De novoalveolar bone formation adjacent to endosseous implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003;14(3):251-62.
[5]. Meyer U, Joos U, Mythili J, Stamm T, Hohoff A, Fillies T, Stratmann U, Wiesmann HP. Ultrastructural characterization of the implant/bone interface of immediately loaded dental implants. Biomaterials 2004;25(10):1959-67.

Abstract: Background: A pregnancy with more than one fetus is called multiple pregnancy. Multiple births are much more common today than they were in the past due to the dramatic incidence in the use of ovulation inducing agents, assisted reproductive technologies and a shift towards elderly primigravida and grand multiparity. Overall complications occur in approximately 83% of twin pregnancies as compared to 25% in singleton pregnancies. Hence twin pregnancies should be considered as high-risk pregnancies Objective: To study maternal and perinatal outcome in twin pregnancy at a tertiary care referral hospital in Western Rajasthan. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study over a period of one year. The diagnosis of all cases was made on the basis of history, clinical examination and ultrasonography. Results: There was 9557.......

Keywords: Twins, Ovulation induction, Preterm, Low, Perinatal morbidity, Perinatal mortality.

[1]. Chittacharoen. A pregnancy outcome of twin pregnancy in Ramathibodi hospital. Journal of Med assoc Thai 2006;89:576-80.
[2]. American society of reproductive medicine. Multiple pregnancy and birth, considering infertility treatment: twin, triplets and higher order multiples; 2004
[3]. Conde-Agudelo A, Belizan JM, Lindmark G. Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with multiple gestation. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:899904.
[4]. Yasmeen N, Aleem M, Iqbal N. Maternal and fetal complications in multiple pregnancies. Ann K Ed Med Coll. 2006;12:512-4.

Abstract: Background: Meningiomas are the most common primary neoplasms of the central nervous system, attached to the internal surface of dura matter and constitutes 24- 30% of all intracranial tumours. Aims and Objectives:The study was undertaken to study the epidemiological occurrence of meningiomas and to ascertain the validity and reliability of frozen sections in intraoperative diagnosis of meningiomas and compare it with subsequent histopathological diagnosis. Material and Methods:A prospective study was done in 31 case who underwent excision surgery at Department of Neurosurgery. Intraoperative frozen section study of the specimens were done.One portion of tissue was kept for FFPE section and final histopathological examination was done. Previous frozen section findings were compared with subsequent histopathology typing and grading......

Keywords: Cns tumour, Intraoperative , Grade.

[1]. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Prayson RA. An algorithmic approach to the brain biopsy – part I.Arch Pathol Lab Med 2006;130(11):1630–8.
[2]. Somerset HL, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. Approach to the intraoperative consultation for neurosurgical specimens. Adv Anat Pathol 2011;18(6):446–9.
[3]. Prayson RA, Napekoski KM. Frozen section library: central nervous system. 1st ed.
[4]. Ne1.Rao S, Rajkumar A, Ehtesham MD, Duvuru P. Challenges in neurosurgical intraoperative consultation. Neurol India 2009 Jul-Aug;57(4):464-468.
[5]. Plesec TP, Prayson RA. Frozen section discrepancy in the evaluation of central nervous system tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2007 Oct;131(10):1532-1540.

Abstract: This study was done in Malda Medical College and Hospital, Malda to detect female UTI patients (both pregnant & nonpregnant) and their different parameters. All the urine specimens from suspected UTI cases do not yield growth of microorganism on ordinary culture. A significant number remain sterile on routine culture. A large number of culture-negative urine samples could be screened out earlier by simple microscopic examination. Pregnancy wise analysis of results reveals that incidents of urinary tract infection is more prevalent in pregnant patients. Age wise analysis of data reveals that prevalence of UTI cases is more in the age group between 15-60 years of which highest incidents is observed between 30-45 years. Observation on prevalence of uropathogens isolated reveals that still predominant organisms implicated are enterobacteria of which E. coli predominates.....

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Abstract: Juvenile giant fibroadenoma is rare variants of fibroadenoma. It is more common in adolescent age group. Lump in the breast is most common presentation. Lump rapidly progresses to massive enlargement resulting in the asymmetry of the breast. Diagnosis is made on clinical basis however, FNAC and USG confirm the diagnosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of the choice. 10 years old female who didn't attain menarche has presented with lump in left breast. On examination lump was 10X8cm in size occupying entire left breast. Lump was firm in consistency with lobulated surface, freely mobile within the breast. No axillary lymph nodes were palpable. Our clinical diagnosis was Juvenile giant fibroadenoma. Surgical excision of the lump done and histological diagnosis was juvenile cellular fibroadenoma.......

Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology FNAC), Fibroadenoma (FA), Juvenile giantfibroadenoma (JGFA), Juvenile cellular giantfibroadenoma (JCGFA) Ultrasonography (USG).

[1]. El-Wakeel H, Umpleby HC. Systematic review of fibroadenoma as a risk factor for breast cancer. Breast. 2003, 12:302–307.
[2]. Arca MJ, Caniano DA. Breast disorders in adolescent patients. AdolescClin 2004, oct 15(3): 473-485
[3]. Foxcroft LM, Evans EB, HicksmBJ. Presentation and diagnosis of adolescent breast diseases. . Breast. 2001, 10(3): 399-404.
[4]. Chen Chen, Dan Gao et al. Multiple and giant juvenile fibroadenoma: a case report and literature review. Int J ClinExp Med 2018;11(5):5206-5211.
[5]. SaifAlGhamdi, Abdullah Ghouth Ali et al. Giant juvenile fibroadenoma of breast in adolescent girls. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports 2018:28 : 33–36

Abstract: Background: India is one of the highest Tuberculosis (TB) burdened countries in the world. Death due to TB crosses 1.6 million every year out of which one third is from India. This study aims at evaluating the pattern of TB patients getting admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in GGH, Kadapa. Methods and materials: A prospective observational study was done from May 2019 to October 2019. Inclusion criteria: This study includes all newly diagnosed TB patients, treatment defaulters, patients with relapse and patients currently on treatment of TB(pulmonary and extra pulmonary) who were admitted to ICU. Exclusion criteria: patients below 18 years were excluded from the study......

Key word: Tuberculosis, ICU, Mechanical ventilation, mortality, respiratory failure

[1]. Global tuberculosis report 2019. World Health organisation: available at http://www.who.int/tb/data/en
[2]. Frame RN, Johnson MC, Eichenhorn MS, Bower GC, Popovich J Jr. Active tuberculosis in the medical intensive care unit: a 15-year retrospective analysis. Crit Care Med 1997; 15 :1012-1014.
[3]. Mansour M, Maskour A, Fouda M. Outcome of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients requiring respiratory intensive care admission: Egypt J Bronchol 2014; nov 8(2):79-86.
[4]. Skrahin A, Dziusmikeyeva M, Pramistski a et al.,Intensive care of patients with tuberculosis: E respir J:2011;38:2651.
[5]. Koegelenberg C, Balkensa C, Jooste Y et al., A severity of illness score for tuberculosis in intensive care unit: E repir J 2011;2584.

Abstract: Unicystic ameloblastoma is a less encountered variant of ameloblastoma. Dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, residual cyst,calcifying odontogenic cyst, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, giant cell lesion and sometimes solid ameloblastoma can be the possible differential diagnoses for unicystic ameloblastoma. Unicysticameloblastomas, differ from the solid types of ameloblastoma in that they can be enucleated with a lower risk of recurrence. Hence histopathologic examination is essential to diagnose such cases. Further, immunohistochemical examination, may be of use in small biopsies or biopsies of cystic lesions and for the identification of malignant change. Here we are reporting a case of mandibular unicystic ameloblastoma in an older patient which was initially diagnosed as an inflammatory cyst based on clinical and radiographic findings..

Key Word: Unicystic Ameloblastoma, Dentigerous/Non-Dentigerous variant, Calretinin

[1]. Phillipsen HP, Reichert PA, Slootweg PJ, Slater LJ. Odontogenic Tumours. In: Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart, Sidransky D (Eds.). WHO Classification ofTumours: Pathology and Genetics of Head and Neck Tumours. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2005. pg 299.
[2]. SOLUK-TEKKEŞİN M, WRIGHT JM. The World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Lesions: A Summary of the Changes of the 2017 (4th) Edition. Turkish Journal of Pathology 2018;34:1-18.
[3]. G Kokila, L Laxmidevi B, Mahadesh J. Unicystic and solid type of ameloblastoma occurring in same person a rare case.IMAGE 2009-2010; 10:10-19.
[4]. Reichert PA, Philipsen HP. Odontogenic tumors and Allied Lesions. London:Quintessence Publishing Co Ltd; 2004.pg 82.
[5]. Philipsen HP, Reichart PA. Unicystic ameloblastoma: a review of 193 cases from the literature. Oral Oncol 1998; 34:317-25.

Abstract: Objective: Define the histological and radiological appearance of the macrocystic serous cystadenoma of the pancreas, as well as the main differential diagnoses. Summary Background Data: Macrocystic serous cystadenomas (MSCP) are a rare benign tumor of the pancreas which represent an atypical macroscopic morphologic variant of serous cystadenomas (SCA). Diagnostic criteria, potential for growth or malignancy, and outcomes are not well defined. As a result, management for patients with serous cystadenomas varies widely in current practice. Materials and methods:......

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