iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: Myiasis is a condition characterised by infestation of housefly larvae in human tissues. Although it is a rare occurrence in oral and maxillofacial region, it has been well reported in existing literature. In our case report, we decribe a case of myiasis in post traumatic wounds reported in trauma center of King George Medical University Lucknow. It was treated by open superoxidised solutions dressing and showed good results.

[1]. ZumptF. Myiasis inmanand animals in the old world.Atextbook for physicians,veterinarians and zoologists. London: Butterworth; 1965. p. 109
[2]. Lata, J., Kapila, B. and Aggarwal, P. (1996). Oral myiasis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 25(6), pp.455-456.
[3]. Franza R, Leo L, Minerva T, Sanapo F. Myiasis of tracheostomy wound: case report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2006;26:222–4.
[4]. Rey L. Parasitologia. 2nd ed. Rio de Janeiro: Editoria Guanabara Koogan; 1991.
[5]. Ribeiro FAQ, Pereira CSB, Alves A, Marcon MA. Tratamento da mlfasehumanacavitaria com ivermectina oral. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol 2001;67:755–61.

Abstract: Background: Coronary artery disease, one of the most important cause of mortality, is due to reduced coronary blood flow which is in turn the consequence of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary vessels. The Thyroid hormones T3(Triiodothyronine) & T4(Thyroxine) has effect on lipid metabolism. The Thyroid hormones increases the degradation of cholesterol carrying lipoproteins. Therefore, any derangement in the Thyroid hormones may cause an abnormality in the lipid metabolism which may increase the risk of developing coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to see the correlation between hypothyroidism and coronary artery disease Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study, conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department......

Key Word: Triiodothyronine(T3), Thyroxine(T4), Atherosclerotic plaques, Lipoproteins, Cholesterol

[1]. Coculescu M, Ioachimescu O, Ciobanu R. Bolile endocrine si sistemul cardiovascular, In:Tratat de Cardiologie, Prod.dr.C.Carp, Edit. Medicala Nationala, Bucuresti, 2003.
[2]. Daniela Maria Tanase, Simona Daniela Ionescu, Anca Ouata, V Ambarus, C Rezus, Catalina Arsenescu-Georgescu. Thyroid Dysfunction And Ischemic Heart Disease- Clinical Correlations, Progressive Implications And Impact On The Pronosis. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat., Iasi 2014;118(1).
[3]. Becker C. Hypothyroidism and atherosclerotic heart disease:pathogenesis, medical management, and the role of coronary artery bypass surgery. Endocr Rev 1985;6: 432–40.[4]. Samuel MH. Subclinical thyroid disease in the elderly. Thyroid,1998 8:803–13.
[5]. Sarabjeet S, Jasleen D, Janos M, Frank M, Charles PB, Rohit A. Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Cardiology 2008;125: 41-8.

Abstract: Background: Rubella is a mild vaccine preventable disease caused by Rubivirus with the potential to cause multiple congenital malformations in the fetus if infected during pregnancy.This study was done to study the prevalence of seronegativity of rubella in post partum women and to counsel the seronegative group for rubella vaccination. Materials and methods:This cross sectional study was conducted among 512 women delivered at PGIMER, Chandigarh from Jan 2015- Feb 2016.The collected blood samples were processed and screened for Rubella IgG antibodies in the Department of Virology, PGIMER Chandigarh using commercially available IgG ELISA kits (Dialab-Neudorf,Austria) as per the manufacturer instructions. Socio -demographic information on participants was collected.....

Key word: Rubella; IgGseronegativity; CRS

[1]. Boonruang S.,Buppasiri P. Rubella antibodies in normal pregnant women at Srinagarind hospital, Khonkaen Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 2005;88:455-9
[2]. Gabbe S G. Niebyl JR, Simpson JL,eds. Obstetrics-Normal and problem pregnancies.4th ed. New York: Churchill livingstone,Inc;2002;1328-30
[3]. RobertsonSE, Featherstone DA, Gacic-Dobo M, Hersh BS. Rubella and Congenital rubella syndrome: Global update. RevPanamSalud Publica.2003;14:306-15
[4]. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Progress towards control of rubella and prevention of congenital rubella syndrome-worldwide, 2009. MMWR.2010;59:1307-10
[5]. WHO Publication. Rubella vaccines: WHO position paper recommendations.Vaccine-2011;29:8767-8

Abstract: Periodontitis refers to an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the tooth caused by a group of specific microorganisms resulting in recession, pocket formation or both.1 It represents a mixed type of infection of which the main etiologic factors are Gram negative bacteria. The inflammation of the gingiva begins as a response to colonization of Gram positive periopathogens, but as the disease progresses to deeper structures, pocket formation due to pathological deepening of gingival sulcus occurs. Such an area provides a favorable environment for Gram negative, anaerobic and more virulent microbes to colonize and flourish. Periodontal tissue breakdown occurs as a complex interaction between endotoxins released by bacteria and host immune response. The bacterial products induce an immunoinflammatory response in the host tissue and periodontal diseases being chronic....

[1]. Newman M, Takei H, Klokkevold P, Carranza F. Clinical Periodontology.10th ed. St .Louis , Missouri: W. B. Saunders; 2006.
[2]. Hutter JW, Velden UVD, VaroufakiA, Huffels RAM, Hork FJ, Loos BG.Lower numbers of erythrocytes and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J ClinPeriodontol 2001; 28: 930-6.
[3]. Weiss G, Goodnough LT. Anemia of chronic disease. N Engl J Med 2005;352: 1011-23.
[4]. Gokhale SR, Sumanth S, Padhye AM. Evaluation of Blood Parameters in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis for Signs of Anemia. J Periodontol 2010;81(8):6–10.
[5]. Patel MD, Shakir QJ, Shetty A. Interrelationship between chronic periodontitis and anemia : A 6-month follow-up study.J Indian Soc Periodontol Abstract : 2014;18(1):19–26.

Abstract: Background: Any fracture that shows no clinical or radiological union in a reasonable time, for that specific injury, host and management strategy is termed as non union. It has been shown that about 65% of patients with open fractures have wound contamination with micro-organisms .Therefore it can be said that antibiotics are not just for prophylaxis but rather for treatment of wound contamination per se. Early onset infection respond well to antibiotics and has good outcome. In delayed and late onset infection, there will be formation of biofilm associated with mechanical instability due to fixation failure. The treatment of biofilm related infections and infected non-union include AO external fixator, monorail fixator, Ilizarov ring fixator, Taylor's spatial frame.The main aim of the study is To study the outcome of infection control and bony union achieved by antibiotic cement coated interlocking intramedullary nail in cases of infected non-union of long bones.....

Key Word: Infection, non union, antibiotic, nail.

[1]. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 13th edition, Chapter 59, p. 3081
[2]. Ferreira, N, Marais, LC, & Aldous, C. (2016). The pathogenesis of tibial non-union. SA Orthopaedic Journal, 15(1), 51-59.
[3]. AO Trauma, Principles of Orthopedic Infection Management, 2016, Chapter 9.2, p. 167
[4]. C.G. Zalavras, M.J. Patzakis, P.D. Holtom, R. Sherman, Management of open fractures, Infectious disease clinics of North America, 19 (2005) 915-929.
[5]. AO Trauma, Principles of Orthopedic Infection Management, 2016, Chapter 9.2, p. 168

Abstract: HIV positive individuals are at increased risk for a variety of renal disorders including Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN), comorbid chronic kidney disease such as diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephrosclerosis and treatment related renal toxicity. We aimed to determine the predictors of renal dysfunction among HIV infected patients attending HIV Clinic at Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria. Materials; This was a retrospective study among HIV infected patients attending the HIV clinic at the Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi between January 2013 and January 2015. Results: Data....

Key words:Predictors, renal dysfunction, human immunodeficiency virus

[1]. Fabian J, Naicker S. HIV and Kidney disease in Sub-Saharan African. Nat Rev Nphrol. 2009; 5:591-598.
[2]. Gemtholtz T, Goetsch S, Katz I. HIV related nephropathy: A South African Perspective. Kidney Int. 2006; 69:1885-91.
[3]. Han T, Naicker S, Randial P, Assounga A. A cross-sectional study of HIV-sero positive patients with varying degrees of proteinuria in South Africa. Kidney Int. 2006; 69:2243-50.
[4]. Gardner L, Holmberg S, Williamson J et al. HIV-associated renal diseases and highly activeanti-retroviral therapy induced nephropathy Clin infect. Dis 2006; 42:1488-95.
[5]. Szczech L, Hoover D, Feldman J et al. Association between renal disease and outcome among HIV-infected women receiving or not receiving anti-retroviral therapy. Clin infect. Dis 2004; 39:1199-206

Abstract: Introduction : Our understanding towards the management of functional tricuspid regurgitation has evolved over time, from being of "benign" neglect to the one with huge prognostic importance. About 30% to 50% of mitral valve disease patients have significant functional tricuspid regurgitation. Functional tricuspid regurgitation when addressed along with left heart pathology is a safe procedure and results in better prognosis. Various methods of tricuspid annuloplasty have been described, the most commonly used being DeVega and Ring annuloplasties. In our present study we have attempted a comparison between the two annuloplasty techniques. Material & Methods. : Patients requiring functional tricuspid annuloplasty along with mitral valve replacement were enrolled and were randomized into two groups to receive either DeVega or Ring annuloplasty. Data from clinical examination, patient symptoms and echocardiography were collected at pre-operatively, pre-discharge, 3 and 6 months post....

Key words: DeVega, Ring Annuloplasty, Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation.

[1]. Dreyfus GD, Corbi PJ, Chan KM et al. Secondary tricuspid regurgitation or dilatation: which should be the criteria for surgical repair? Ann ThoracSurg 2005; 79:127- 32
[2]. Braunwald NS, Ross J Jr, Morrow AG: Conservative management of tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement. Circulation 1967; 35 Suppl: 163-9
[3]. Cohen SR, Sell JE, McIntosh CL, et al. Tricuspid regurgitation in patients with acquired, chronic, pure mitral regurgitation. I. Prevalence, diagnosis, and comparison of preoperative clinical and hemodynamic features in patients with and without tricuspid regurgitation. J ThoracCardiovascSurg 1987;94:481 – 7
[4]. Koelling TM, Aaronson KD, Cody RJ, et al. Prognostic significance of mitral regurgitation and tricuspid regurgitation in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Am Heart J 2002; 144:524 – 9
[5]. Matsunaga A, Duran CM: Progression of tricuspid regurgitation after repaired functional ischemic mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2005; 112 Suppl: 1453-1457

Abstract: Introduction: Hepatic or liver abscesses are infectious, space occupying lesions in the liver; the two most common abscesses being pyogenic and amoebic. Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a rare but potentially lethal condition, with a reported incidence of 20 per 1,00,000 hospital admissions in a western population. Its severity depends on the source of the infection and the underlying condition of the patient. Amoebic liver abscesses (ALA) are common in tropical regions mainly where 'Entamoeba-histolytica' is endemic and is more prevalent in individuals (mostly young males) with suppressed cell mediated immunity. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at Tagore Medical College, Rathinamangalam, Chennai, during the period from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients included in the study were informed about the proposed study and informed consent was obtained from each patient. All the data obtained from medical records was entered into a proforma questionnaire. At analysis, each item in the questionnaire was analysed separately using the tally method. Statistical analysis was done using mean, averages, Chi-Square and Fisher Exact.....

Key Words: liver abscesses, PLA, USG

[1]. Fauci, Braunwald, Kasper et al. Intra-abdominal infections & abscesses: Harrison‟s principles of Internal Medicine, McGraw Hill Medical, New York: 2008:17:807-813.
[2]. Ochsner M, Debakey M, Murray S. Pyogenic Abscess of the Liver: An analysis of 47 cases with review of literature. Am J Surgery. Jun 1938; 40(7): 292-315.
[3]. Kapoor OP.Surgical Amoebiasis-Treatment is often conservative. Bombay Hospital J. 1990 May; 32(3): 128-133.
[4]. David A, Pawlosky ZS. Amoebiasis and its control. A WHO meeting. Bulletin of WHO. 1985 Dec; 63(6): 417-426.
[5]. Balasegaram M. Management of Hepatic Abscess. Curr Prob Surg. 1981 May; 18(5): 282-340.

Abstract: Introduction: The liver is the largest organ in the body and one of the most complex functioning organs with a wide array of functions. It plays a major role in carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolism; inactivation of various toxins, metabolism of drugs, hormones, synthesis of plasma proteins & maintenance of immunity (Kupffer cells). Materials and Methods: This descriptive comparative study was undertaken in tertiary care centre in Chennai. A total of 100 chronic liver disease patients were studied from January 2017 to December 2019 and was compared with 100 normal control. In all the cases age, gender and relevant clinical history were obtained. Sample size was taken based on the convenience of the study. Patient's demographic data and history were recorded, complete physical examination was conducted, and haematological parameters were measured for all subjects in this study.....

Key Words: ASP,ALP, MCV, MCH, RBC

[1]. Purcell, R. H. Hepatitis viruses; changing patterns of human disease.ProcNatlAcadSci USA., 1994; 91; 2041-6.
[2]. Fujiwara, A.; Sakaguchi,K;Fujioka, S.; Iwasaki,Y.; Senoh, T.; Nishimura, M.; Terao, M. andShiratori, Y. Fibrosis p rogression rates between chronic hepatitis B and C patients with elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. Jurnal of Gastroenterology, 2008; 43:484–491.
[3]. Arankalle VA, Chobe P, Banerjee K. HCV in Pune. Journal of Association of Physicians India, 1992; 40:562.
[4]. Hussein.R.H.Comparison in Some Biochemical and HematologicalTests:Between Chronic Hepatitis B and C. IBN Al-Haitham J. Fo R Pure &,SCI., Appl. 2011; 24(1).
[5]. Kolawole OM, Wahab AA, Adekanle DA, Sibanda T and Okoh A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenemia and its effects on hematological parameters in pregnant women in Osogbo, Nigeria. Virology Journal, 2012; 9:317

Abstract: Introduction: Good intubating conditions minimizes the risk of trauma associated with tracheal intubation. Atracurium and cisatracurium, non depolarising muscle relaxant can be used to facilitate intubation. Aims and Objectives:To compare the intubating conditions of atracurium and cisatracurium Material and Methods: 60 patients randomized into 2 groups of 30 each.Group A received inj atracurium 0.5mg/kg and Group B received cisatracurium 0.15mg/kg for intubation . Laryngoscopic grading, number of intubation attempts, time taken for intubation, haemodynamic parameters and signs of histamine release were observed.....

Keywords: Atracurium, Cisatracurium, intubating conditions

[1]. Lundstrøm LH, Duez CH, Nørskov AK, Rosenstock CV, Thomsen JL, Møller AM, Strande S, Wetterslev J. Effects of avoidance or use of neuromuscular blocking agents on outcomes in tracheal intubation: a Cochrane systematic review. British journal of anaesthesia. 2018 Jun 1;120(6):1381-93.
[2]. Appiah-Ankam J, Hunter JM. Pharmacology of neuromuscular blocking drugs. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain. 2004 Feb 1;4(1):2-7
[3]. Basta SJ, Ali HH, Savarese JJ, Sunder N, Gionfriddo M, Cloutier G, Lineberry C, Cato AE (1982). "Clinical pharmacology of atracurium besylate (BW 33A): a new non-depolarizing muscle relaxant". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 61 (9): 723–729.
[4]. William B. Wastila, PhD; Robert B. Maehr, BS; Geoffrey L. Turner, PhD.; Derek A. Hill; M. Phil.; et al Comparative Pharmacology of Cisatracurium (51W89), Atracurium, and Five Isomers in Cats Anesthesiology 7 1996, Vol.85, 169-177.
[5]. Bryson HM, Faulds D. Cisatracurium besilate. Drugs. 1997 May 1;53(5):848-66.

Abstract: Aniridia is rare genetic disorder characterized by partial or complete absence of iris, associated with other ocular features like cataract, glaucoma, corneal opacification, fovealhypoplasia; nystagmus.It commonly has autosomal dominance inheritance due to mutation of PAX6 gene on chromosome 11p13. Congenital aniridia isusually bilateral in presentation, but my paper reports a rare case of unilateral aniridia in 17 years old female child based on the clinical features..

Keywords: UnilateralAniridia, congenital,cataract, PAX6, strabismus,Enophthalmos

[1]. Monica Samant et all, Congenital aniridia: etiology.manifestations and management, Expert review of ophthalmology.2016; 11(2):135-144
[2]. Melanie Hingorani et all, Aniridia, European Journal of Human Genetics.2012 Oct; 20(10):1011-1017
[3]. Myron Yanoff and Duker, Text book of ophthalmology,2014;4:1097-1098
[4]. Mayur Moreker et all, Aniridia associated with congenital aphakia and secondary glaucoma, Indian J Ophthalmology.2009 Jul-Aug; 57(4):313-314
[5]. R.Santos –Silva et all ,Congenital Aniridia:Clinics,Genetics,Therapeutics,and prognosis ,International Scholarly Research Notices,2014 0ct.

Abstract: Background: Infections of throat have a tremendous impact on public health. It is one of the reasons for the patients to visit the primary care providers.
Aim: To study the infective profile of patients with throat infections in lower himalayan region.
Material and Methods: 100 patients with throat infections/ sore throat were included in the study. Throat samples collected through a sterile culture sensitivity tube and sent to microbiological lab in the Regional Hospital Bilaspur (SRL Diagnostics)
Results: Out of total 100 throat swab samples examined Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (23%) was the commonest infecting organism followed by Staphylococcus Aureus (14%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (11%), Escherichia coli (07%) and Enterobacter cloacae (07%) patients.....

Keywords: Throat infections, Infective organisms, throat swab, sore throat

[1]. Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund VJ, Niparko JK, Richardson MA, Robbins KT et al. Pharyngitis in adults. In: Gaertner RS, Halpine R, editors. Cummings Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2010.p. 191. [2]. Dhingra PL, Dhingra S, Dhingra D. Assessment of hearing. In: Dutta S, editor. Diseases of Ear Nose and Throat, 5th ed. Gurgaon: Elsevier; 2010. p. 30.
[3]. Mustaq NA. In: Bacteriology and antibacterial susceptibility of tonsillitis and cronic suppurative otitis media cross sectional study in Al. Habobi Hospital, Thi-Qar : Thi-Qar Medical Journal (TQJM) .2011; Vol.5, No(1):118-25.
[4]. Cauwenberje PBV, Mijnsbrugge AV: Pharyngitis : a survey of the microbiologic etiology: Pediatrics Infectious Disease Journal. 1991; 10. P. 39-42.
[5]. Moirangthem A, Gurung K. Bacteriological analysis and its antibiogram profile of pharyngitis cases from the patients attending referral hospital Sikkim, India. Bali Med Journal. 2013: Vol.2, No(1); 2302-19..